Traditional Logic Research Articles

«Русский Аристотель» в контексте вопроса о рецепции аристотелизма (замечания переводчика к статье Я. Воленьского «Рецепция Аристотеля в Польше с 1900 г.»)

The paper presents a Russian translation of an article by J. Wolenski devoted to the history of logic in Poland since 1900 in the context of the reception of Aristotle's logical teaching, and it is preceded by the remarks of he translator. In the introductory remarks to the translation is discussed the question of the reception of Aristotle in Russia, it is proposed to distinguish between the reception of Aristotle himself and his scholastic interpretation. It is emphasized that this is the approach which J. Wolenski proposed. The concept of reception is problematized, and is offered some possible variants of its understanding. On the base of Wolenski's paper are explicated some conditions that can serve as criteria for understanding the degree of Aristotle's reception in any national culture. Next comes a brief review of the literature, giving a general idea of the study of the reception of Aristotle in Russia. Also, in addition to the Polish line of development of logic at the University of Warsaw, presented by Wolenski, another line studying of logic at some Imperial Universities of Russian Empire is drawn, namely, the Yuriev philosophical school (G. Teichmüller and E. V. Bobrov), whose activity can also be interpreted as a reception of Aristotle, inspired by his logic. Wolenski's paper presents the reception of Aristotle's logical teaching in Poland, namely by members of the Lvov-Warsaw school, i.e. beyond his scholastic interpretations. The role of W. Tatarkiewicz, K. Twardowski and a some of other Polish logicians in the study of the logic of Aristotle is considered; the logical teachings of J. Lukasiewicz are described in detail in the context of his intellectual biography and his reception of Aristotelian logic; finally, is raised the question on the classical theory of truth and that role which the philosophers of the Lvov-Warsaw school played for its formation.

Uneven Mobilities

Abstract This article studies the Hope–Princeton Highway, a regional route in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, through the lens of uneven mobilities. Bringing together insights from infrastructure studies, mobility studies, and settler colonial studies, uneven mobilities is a concept that historicizes mobility research in terms of colonial and carceral logics. Using this concept, the article provides insight into political actors, namely incarcerated forced laborers of Japanese descent, whose unjust confinement and forced labor on this infrastructural route remained unacknowledged until recently. The article relies on a range of archival sources that engage the visual culture of the highway and the subtle linkages between an imagined scenic landscape and an imagined multicultural Canada. The article also narrates this highway route by constructing pictorial and landscape relationships of colonialism and carcerality, linking it to uneven mobilities and economic development through the ubiquitous highway road sign—a contemporary initiative to mark and interpret sites of historical and cultural importance along this and other BC routes. The article then explores the infrastructural politics of this route at the scale of the body to highlight modes of resistance. This article advances a tentative theory of uneven mobilities by centering so-called road disturbances through acts of resistance such as rest, play, and work stoppages to reveal how uneven mobilities are entwined with the production of embodied subjectivities.

Ibrahim bin Haider Al-Haidari: (Died: 1157 AH) His Method and Opinions through his Interpretation of Surat Al-Ikhlas

This research deals with the efforts of a prominent Scientist of the Haidari family, who served Islam for nearly three hundred years, and stayed up nights in order to receive the satisfaction of Allah Almighty, they wrote many books on various sciences and fields which they left a great legacy, so if we compare their books with their lives, it is clear that they did not fulfill their age in vain. Among those Scientists is Ibrahim bin Haider al-Haidari (died: 1157 AH), may Allah have mercy on him-who compiled many books of science related to theology, which is considered as a basis of religion, and also in the interpretation of the Holy Qur’an through two parts, but it did not remain and became one of its lost traces, this research in question deals with the approach and opinions of the researcher Ibrahim bin Haider Al-Haydari through his elucidation of the Surat Al-Ikhlas which amends one-third of the Qur’an. Through his explanation of this surah, al-Haidari clarified the aspects related to faith and explained them in terms of language, logic, mysticism, and Sufism.

Consistency Constraints for Mapping Dataflow Graphs to Hybrid Dataflow/von Neumann Architectures

Dataflow process networks (DPNs) provide a convenient model of computation that is often used to model system behavior in model-based designs. With fixed sets of nodes, they are also used as dataflow graphs as an intermediate program representation by compilers to uncover instruction-level parallelism of sequential programs. Many recent processor architectures, which are still von Neumann architectures, also use dataflow computing to increase their exploitation of instruction-level parallelism by exposing their datapaths so that the compiler can take care of the allocation of processing units (PUs), the execution schedules of instructions on the PUs, and the communication of intermediate values between PUs. If the communication paths are buffered, these architectures can be abstracted into a DPN architecture whose PUs and interconnection network are DPN nodes. In this article, we introduce a DPN abstraction of hybrid dataflow/von Neumann architectures and consider the mapping of the nodes of a given dataflow graph to the PUs of such a DPN architecture such that there are no conflicts due to the mapping of different nodes to the same PU. We express the allocation and scheduling constraints in terms of propositional logic for the original dataflow graph and for a modified version of the dataflow graph that simplifies the constraints by introducing levels using copy nodes, such that all nodes receive inputs only from nodes of the previous level. We also formulate equisatisfiable SMT constraints using integer variables to reason directly about the parallel runtime. On this basis, we further present alternative SAT constraints that explicitly encode concurrency, and discuss variants of the constraints for a better understanding of the same.

Examination of the Decision to Work Remotely During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period in Terms of Corporate Legitimacy and Corporate Logic: Analysis of CEO Opinions

Although it has been applied in sectors such as marketing, telecommunications, and software for many years, the COVID-19 pandemic has temporarily caused many businesses to switch to remote working. Discussions about whether the remote working method is efficient or not continue. Another discussion is about whether the remote working method will be permanent. In this context, it is important to reveal which institutional logic and legitimacy expectations the companies have decided to work remotely. This study aims to deal with the background of remote working decisions of enterprises on the basis of institutional logic and legitimacy in line with the opinions of business CEOs. A qualitative research design was used in the research. Businesses included in the 2021 Forbes 2000 list were accepted as the research sample. The research data were obtained from the statements of CEOs to the press and from the reports of businesses. As a result of the analysis of the data, it has been revealed that the community and market logics are effective in the remote working decisions of CEOs. On the other hand, it was concluded that CEOs decided to work remotely with the expectation of moral and pragmatic legitimacy. This study is considered a guide for business managers who want to switch to remote working in the future. Keywords: Remote work, Institutional theory, Institutional logic, Legitimacy, COVID-19.

A Bibliometric Perspective on the Relationship between Periodontal Disease and Gestational Diabetes.

To analyze the bibliometric indicators of the world scientific production on periodontal disease and gestational diabetes. Bibliometric study in which a search strategy was designed with logical operators and MESH terms. After the search and application of selection criteria, 83 articles were included. SciVal, VOSviewer, and the Bibliometrix module of R Studio were used to analyze the metadata. From 2012 to 2021, there is evidence of an increase in scientific dissemination on gestational diabetes and periodontal disease, especially in high-impact journals (79.2%). SUNY Buffalo (6), United State University, and Ege University, Turkey (5) are the most productive; however, the one that received more citations than the global average was the University of Birmingham (FWCI: 5.59). In addition, the United States, Brazil, and India were the most influential countries; while, Graziani F, Akcali A, and Buduneli N, were the most representative authors. The Journal of Periodontology and the Journal of Clinical Periodontology published the most articles, with 13 and 6, respectively. The scientific production on periodontal disease and gestational diabetes is higher in recent years, with a better proportion of articles in high-impact journals. In addition, the United States concentrates many publications, and the activity of Chilean institutions stands out. The clinical significance of this study lies in its capacity to synthesize the currently available published information regarding the correlation between periodontal disease and gestational diabetes. This study enables researchers and clinicians to ascertain the current level of knowledge on this subject.

Identity performances on professional accounting association magazine covers

PurposeThe authors examine and compare accounting associations' identities in distinct segments of the accounting profession surrounding the 2014 merger of three Canadian accounting associations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conceive of accounting associations' magazine front covers as a setting for “identity performance” (i.e. a scenery through which identity dimensions are intentionally communicated to target audiences). The authors examine pre-merger and post-merger associations' identity performances that took place between January 2011 and December 2020 and identify 21 broad themes that the authors interpret in terms of identity logics (i.e. professionalism/commercialism) and audience focus (society/association members), underscoring (dis)similarities in identity performances pre- and post-merger.FindingsThe authors' analysis reveals distinct identity performances for the different segments of the pre-merger accounting profession and for the post-merger unified accounting association. Identity logics manifest differently: a commercial logic dominated for two of the associations and a professional logic dominated for the third. Identity fluidity was evident in the merged association's shift from commercial toward professional logic when the association ceased publishing one magazine and introduced a new one. Society rather than associations' members dominated as a target audience for all associations, but this focus manifested differently. Post-merger, identity performances continued to focus on society as the audience.Originality/valueThe authors highlight the Goffmanian identity performances (Goffman, 1959) taking place via accounting associations' magazines. The authors adopt a segment perspective (Bucher and Strauss, 1961) that demonstrates that commercialism does not trump professionalism in all segments of the profession. For the first time, the authors juxtapose identity logics (professionalism/commercialism) and targeted audiences to better understand how these facets of accountants' identities compare between segments.

Epistemic othering: the interplay of knowledges in legislative drafting

AbstractIn this article, we use the concept of epistemic othering to describe the subjectivation of people who experience debt problems in the legislative drafting process, and argue that the evidence‐based policy paradigm, together with its participatory dimension, produce a potentially harmful subject position for people who are considered vulnerable and irrational. By analysing the preparatory material of Finnish interest rate cap laws, we explore what is constructed as rational and possible in the legislative process, and how these modalities frame the use of expert knowledge. We argue that what is considered rational is constructed in terms of market logic, and what is construed as possible is heavily framed by law‐as‐knowledge. Together, market logic and law‐as‐knowledge form the preconditions for the use of expert knowledge. Ultimately, the way in which these three types of knowledge interact contributes to the epistemic othering of people who experience debt problems.

HARDER THAN SAID: GETTING PAST «WAR OF ALL AGAINST ALL» IN THE NEGOTIATION LEARNING

The purpose of the article was to study students' stereotypes regarding the negotiation process. The use of projective methods helped understand whether students taking specialized courses on negotiations tended to adhere to classical economic provisions and how prevalent this mindset was. The study's results confirmed the frequent presence of simplified ideas about the roles of participants in negotiations, the nature of the process itself, and the perception of other participants, among other aspects. Interestingly, even the newest concepts, presented through textual and multimodal representations, often fell victim to traditional logic in students' interpretations. Most notably, negotiations were still predominantly associated with money conversations, rather than considering the interests of all participants. The dynamic visual images chosen by students as representations of real negotiations demonstrated the persistent influence of stereotypes over innovation in the negotiation context. Particularly, the stereotype regarding the rationality of negotiations was clearly evident. Addressing this challenge in specialized teaching and learning, the authors proposed a realistic approach that incorporates practical experience.

USE OF NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE OIL-REFINING INDUSTRY

The application of new information technologies in the field of automation of oil refining and petrochemistry has not yet been carried out at the proper level. At modern oil refineries, big data technologies are being introduced. Big Data is one of the key areas of digital production and can serve as a tool for integrating technological installations and equipment that have a wide range of information about the technological process and the main production as a whole. The fourth industrial revolution, which is based on the global "internetization" of technological installations and equipment, is closely related to the use of the Internet of things and cloud storage. The transition to Industry 4.0 in the refinery implies the ability of the refinery to integrate digital and physical technologies to improve operation and increase productivity. But, unfortunately, the oil refining industry has a low activity in the implementation of digital technologies. The emergence of new cyber-physical production systems will radically change the traditional logic of oil production. The work is devoted to the use of information technologies of the oil refining industry in the field of integrated automation of the refinery as a whole, and individual technological processes, including for the production of polypropylene, by leaching, washing and drying, which is part of the refinery, these issues are almost not considered. Keywords: big data, industry 4.0, security, information technologies.

Reducing forced labour in supply chains: what could traditional companies learn from social enterprises?

PurposeForced labour is one of the most exploitative practices in supply chains, generating serious human right abuses. The authors seek to understand how relationships for reducing forced labour are influenced by institutional logics. The emerging supply chain efforts of social enterprises offer particularly intriguing approaches, as their social mission can spur creative new approaches and reshape widely adopted management practices.Design/methodology/approachThe authors study supplier relationships in the smartphone industry and compare the evolving practices of two cases: the first, a growing novel social enterprise; and the second, a high-profile commercial firm that has adopted a progressive role in combating forced labour.FindingsThe underlying institutional logic influenced each firm's willingness to act beyond its direct suppliers and to collaborate in flexible ways that create systematic change. Moreover, while both focal firms had clear, well-documented procedures related to forced labour, the integration, rather than decoupling, of forced labour and general supply chain policies provided a more effective way to reduce the risks of forced labour in social enterprises.Research limitations/implicationsAs authors’ comparative case study approach may lack generalizability, future research is needed to broadly test their propositions.Practical implicationsThe paper identifies preconditions in terms of institutional logics to successfully reduce the risk of forced labour in supply chains.Originality/valueThis paper discusses how social enterprises can provide a learning laboratory that enables commercial firms to identify options for supplier relationship improvement.

Motif Index of Prophetic Dream Narratives: Methods of Compilation

The article proposes methods for describing and classifying invariant structures of stories about prophetic dreams in the form of a motif index. The author raises the question of what elements of prophetic dream narratives can be defined as folkloric and introduces a classification system of prophetic dream narratives (according to their invariants). Revealing invariants (narrative structures) in the prophetic dream narratives allows the author to create a motif index, which lets us understand the traditional logic of dream interpretation: the rules of generating prophetic dream narratives and the ‘narrative grammar’ lying in the core of stories about prophetic dreams. The motif index covers stories about prophetic dreams recorded by ethnographers and folklorists in the Eastern Slavic regions from the early twentieth century to 2020.

Aplikasi Akuntansi Penerimaan Dan Pengeluaran Kas Pada PT Kinarya Gemilang Adhitama Menggunakan Model Waterfall

PT Kinarya Gemilang Adhitama manages cash receipts and disbursements using Microsoft Excel by recapitulating or calculating one by one transactions in the form of notes into financial reports. The cash management process tends to take a long time, and allows for a considerable risk of data redundancy and the quality of data and information to become inaccurate. Utilizing technology by building a cash receipts and disbursement application with the aim of developing and improving existing systems. By building a financial management application, it is hoped that it can help with the process of managing cash receipts and disbursements at PT Kinarya Gemilang Adhitama to become more efficient and effective. The software development method used in building the application is the SDLC method with the Waterfall model. The application is built with an automatic and unique cash number system so that it can reduce the risk of data redundancy. Furthermore, the application will be tested with Black Box which focuses on software in terms of logic and functionality which is carried out on the 4 main features of the application. The test results show valid results, which means that the application function is in accordance with the design.

Definite Formulae, Negation-as-Failure, and the Base-Extension Semantics of Intuitionistic Propositional Logic

Proof-theoretic semantics (P-tS) is the paradigm of semantics in which meaning in logic is based on proof (as opposed to truth). A particular instance of P-tS for intuitionistic propositional logic (IPL) is its base-extension semantics (B-eS). This semantics is given by a relation called support, explaining the meaning of the logical constants, which is parameterized by systems of rules called bases that provide the semantics of atomic propositions. In this paper, we interpret bases as collections of definite formulae and use the operational view of them as provided by uniform proof-search—the proof-theoretic foundation of logic programming (LP)—to establish the completeness of IPL for the B-eS. This perspective allows negation, a subtle issue in P-tS, to be understood in terms of the negation-as-failure protocol in LP. Specifically, while the denial of a proposition is traditionally understood as the assertion of its negation, in B-eS we may understand the denial of a proposition as the failure to find a proof of it. In this way, assertion and denial are both prime concepts in P-tS.

QUEST FOR THE TRUTH IN TRANSLATION: TO THE ONTOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYSIS IN TRANSLATION

The paper presents an attempt to explain the phenomenon of correspondence in translation through the notion of truth. The truth of translation is conceived as a complex category that manifests itself through a system of functional oppositions. The central object of this study, contrastively combining all the aspects of translation, is transformation. The paper stands against a unilateral structural linguistic view on the phenomenon of transformation, considering transformation as an interpretative means of translation combining invariable and variable sides. The paper equates transformation to interpretation in translation. In translation the interpretation is represented by transformation. Constructively any interpretation unfolds from its invariable side to its variable side. In the usual scenario of communication, interpretation represents a transition from the linguistic form to the sense where the sense is variable representing a common field of understanding shared between communicants. In translation, the sense is the invariable side; consequently, the interpretation unfolds from the sense to the linguistic form. The link between the invariable and variable sides in translation is treated in terms of inductive logic. The equivalence is seen through the category of transitivity (a potential substitutability of semantic elements on the basis of the same sense). The truth of translation is a binary category with the sense being its foundation and the referential semantic side being its boundary where semantic variability up to some limits is supposed. The interrelationship between the boundary and the foundation of the truth is the matter of analytical work of interpreter. The truth of translation is subject to the logical verification and falsification procedures. The logical procedures precede the translation forming the base of the subsequent decision the interpreter takes to choose an equivalent. The paper deals also with the function of style, sociocultural and figurative nuances in translation. From this perspective, categories of foreignization and domestication in their functional interconnection are taken into consideration. Their interconnection means that one category may result from the other. The paper presents a number of examples of English-Russian and Portuguese-Russian translation. The paper may be of interest to specialists in translation studies, contrastive linguistics and general linguistics.

A (machine-oriented) logic based on pattern matching

Abstract Robinson’s unification algorithm can be identified as the underlying machinery of both C. Meredith’s rule D (condensed detachment) in propositional logic and of the construction of principal types in lambda calculus and combinatory logic. In combinatory logic, it also plays a crucial role in the construction of Meyer, Bunder & Powers’ Fool’s model. This paper now considers pattern matching, the unidirectional variant of unification, as a basis for logical inference, typing, and a very simple and natural model for untyped combinatory logic. An analysis of the new typing scheme will enable us to characterize a large class of terms of combinatory logic which do not change their principal type when being weakly reduced. We also consider the question whether the major or the minor premisse should be used as the fixed pattern.

Use of logic for improving the higher-order thinking skills of student teachers

This paper is a report on the results of the intervention program designed for improving the higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) of Israeli Arab student teachers. The intervention program represents a series of webinars on the foundations of the Aristotelian logic, propositional logic, and some of the contemporary models of informal argumentation. Zoom application was used for the implementation of the webinars. This research project was designed as a pre-/post-test quantitative study with a qualitative component. A mixed-item questionnaire with two open-ended items was used to measure participants’ understanding of logical reasoning and argumentation. The results of the pilot showed good internal reliability of the scale (α<0.81). Tests of argumentation were performed to examine participants’ actual argumentation skills. The pre-intervention results indicated that many of the participants from both control and intervention groups had a vague understanding of logical reasoning and argumentation and weak argumentation competence. The post-intervention data suggested positive changes in the intervention group participants’ understanding of logical thinking and argumentation and an improvement in their actual argumentation skills. This study was planned as the first one in a series of studies aimed at using informal and formal logic to foster students’ HOTS.

DYNAMICS OF MONETARY POLICY IMPACT ON INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING: INSIGHTS FROM THE PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE

This study explores heterochthonous monetary shocks' effect on the initial public offering market, employing excessive-frequency identity approach. Saengchote and Sthienchoak (2020) databank include 190 SBP official statement between 2001 and 2020. Modifications in 3-months fed futures, which can be negatively associated with Standard and Poor 500 within thirty-min window (15-minutes earlier, 15-minutes later) immediate SBP official statements, are categorized as traditional shocks. Contractionary shocks within the traditional logic cause a drop in the initial public offering undertaking. Opposed to, contractionary shocks that deliver the influential financial facts generate an upward thrust in initial public offering task. The setting apart traditional monetary shocks from state financial institution statistics shocks permits an ironic evaluation of monetary policies affecting initial public offering market. This study has added two major points to literature as it shows that monetary policy has impartial role in determining initial public offering market, also research shows that informational effect of financial shocks is as essential such as traditional effect in upsetting the initial public offering goings-on.

VECTOR-LOGICAL FAULT SIMULATION

Context. The main idea is the creation of vector-logical in-memory computing (VLC), which uses only read-write transactions on the address memory for faults-as-addresses simulation. There is no traditional logic. VLC is free from processor commands and ALU for computing organization and is therefore focused on implementation in SoC and FPGA. A vector-logical method of deductive matrix synthesis for the transportation of input faults, which has a quadratic computational complexity, is proposed. An inmemory simulator-automata for vector-deductive faults-as-addresses simulation, which based on read-write transactions for implementation in SoC is proposed. Objective. Development of a vector deductive method of fault simulation based on primitive read-write transactions for the analysis of logic circuits. Method. An input test set and a logical functionality vector are used. The proposed method is a development of the deductive vectors’ synthesis algorithm based on the truth table. The deductive matrix is intended for the synthesis and verification of tests using parallel simulation of faults-as-addresses combinations, based on read-write transactions over bits of deductive vectors in memory. Results. A vector method of the deductive matrices synthesis for the transportation of input faults vectors to the output of the element, was proposed. Data structures have been developed for parallel faults simulation of digital circuits based on a primitive readwrite transaction in matrix memory, where combinations of faults serve as address-columns. A sequencer of five blocks, that constitute a vector-logic computing, connected with deductive faults simulation based on read-write transactions, is proposed. Verification of models and methods on test examples has been performed. Conclusions. The scientific novelty consists in the development of the following innovative solutions: 1) a vector-logic method of synthesis of the deductive vectors matrix for parallel simulation of combinations of input faults-as-addresses, is proposed for the first time; 2) an automata for vector-deductive faults-as-addresses simulation, on the basis of read-write transactions, which is oriented for implementation in FPGA LUT, embedded online simulator SoC, as a core for faults simulation of RTL-level digital systems, was proposed for the first time; 3) the demonstration of the technological advantages of the vector-logic synthesis of deductive matrices is performed on numerous examples of traditional and RTL-logic, which accentuate the manufacturability of vectors in comparison with analytical deductive formulas during simulators construction; 4) a matrix of deductive vectors, as a set of vectorcolumns of Boolean derivatives is used to construct minimal tests for logical elements; 5) the recursive formula for the synthesis of the permutation of coordinates matrix in the logical activity vector makes it possible to significantly simplify the obtaining of the deductive matrix for faults-as-addresses simulation. The practical significance lies in the fact that the in-memory simulator will allow to obtain the speed of faults simulation of real digital blocks for SoC at the level of hundreds of nanoseconds. Complexity estimates of the corresponding algorithms are given.

Visibilidad, impacto y colaboración en la producción científica sobre la realidad virtual en la educación médica (2017-2022)

IntroductionVirtual reality is a tool that promotes the achievement of various competencies in medical education. The aim of this study was to analyze the visibility, impact, and collaboration in scientific production on virtual reality in medical education. MethodsA bibliometric study consisting of the inclusion of articles indexed in Scopus between 2012 and 2021 based on a search strategy designed with logical operators and MESH terms. Bibliometric indicators were estimated using SciVal and Bibliometrix. ResultsMost of the articles were published in first quartile journals (50.6%), with an increase from 2019 to 2021. The terms "Virtual reality" and "Medical education" condensed the highest co-occurrence. Authors Winkler-Schwartz, Del maestro and Konge were the most representative and mainly USA, Germany, UK and Australia were the most dominant countries. Factor analysis showed that dimension one seems to be related to practical experience and simulation, while dimension two to medical education. The Journal of Surgical Education has the most published articles and the one with the highest impact was the International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. ConclusionsIn recent years the scientific literature on virtual reality applied to medical education has increased. In addition, there is an international collaboration network that has increased in different parts of the world. Impact journals are the main journals for the dissemination of this research.