Logic Of Democracy Research Articles

Eğitim Yönetiminde Temel Hak ve Özgürlükler Düşüncesinin Demokratik Eğitim Çerçevesinde İncelenmesi

Democracy is a management system that protects human rights and freedoms at a high level and is open to development. The more democratic a modern government is, the more rights people have, the more freedom and equal opportunities they enjoy, the understanding has forced countries to use this concept and has created the ideal of a democratic management system. Many countries around the world have tried to implement democracy governance by replacing their management systems with the concept of democracy. A critical question also arises here. Would it be more democratic for countries to write democracy into their administrative systems, define democracy as they see fit and create their own institutions? Unfortunately, most countries have not grasped the essence and logic of democracy and have planned to manage democracy with structural reforms and institutions. Democracy is based not only on laws, but also on political culture. The object of democracy refers to the conceptual features of the knowledge of democracy. Democratic skills include skills that include the concept of democracy and the application of these skills in everyday life. Democratic attitude, on the other hand, refers to democratic attitudes and positions towards democratic values through the acquisition of democratic skills. If we compare the two classifications, the democratic object corresponds to the cognitive dimension, the democratic skill corresponds to the psychomotor dimension, and the democratic position corresponds to the emotional dimension. Effective and continuous education of people in democratic attitudes, skills and values requires the existence of a democratic educational environment. Many researchers agree that there can be no democratic education without creating a democratic learning environment, that is, an educational environment dominated by a culture of democracy. If democratic education refers to the process of acquiring democratic knowledge, skills and values of an individual, democratic education also means learning in a democratic environment and from people with democratic views. Democratic education is defined as an active, functional education whose goals, programs and methods are defined according to the basic principles of democracy, which values and attaches great importance to the value and integrity of the student as an individual. Key Words: Educational Administration, Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, Democratic Education

The symbolic work of political discourse. Populist reason and its foundational myth

This article locates Ernesto Laclau’s populist reason as a point of departure to understand the contemporary democratic logic and its so-called ‘excesses’. It argues that, even if resourceful, Laclau’s findings can be supplemented with a theory of the imaginary as developed by Cornelius Castoriadis, as well as with key remarks from a discussion of the theologico-political as this was characterized by Claude Lefort. The aim is to construct an understanding on the political as it is structured by language and the symbolic, presenting thus democracy and populism as two opposing sides of a foundational political myth.

Freedom As and Against Democracy

Freedom As and Against Democracy

Two logics of democracy in collaborative governance: a mapping of clashes and compromises

ABSTRACT Collaborative governance is a promising supplement to traditional Weberian bureaucracy and New Public Management. However, the legitimacy and accountability of collaborative governance processes and outcomes is questionable. Based on a comprehensive mapping of the scholarly literature, we show that the sweeping multiplicity of accountability and legitimacy conceptions, types and critiques is structured by two democratic logics: an electoral one revolving around the territorial state and a stakeholder one focused on the collaborative network. The article provides the first attempt to position the conceptions, types and critiques of the accountability and legitimacy of collaborative governance in one map.

The Democratic Limits of Populist Politics

The Democratic Limits of Populist Politics

The developmental state and its discontent: the evolution of the open government data policy in Taiwan

Since the late 1980s, emerging political and economic forces challenged the effectiveness of so-called ‘developmental states’. While some argue that the development state is dead, others proclaim its persistence to this day. To explore the persistence and changes of developmental states, I use Taiwan’s open government data (OGD) policy as an analytical case. OGD was initially promulgated as primarily an economic policy, but it became a policy that also emphasised good governance. The evolution suggests that the developmental state in Taiwan has both persisted and been transformed. The persistence can be seen in the continuous influence of competent economic bureaucracies, ad hoc ties between state and capital, and the commitment to state-led economic development. On the other hand, the state has also changed, as non-economy-centred agencies have gained substantial power, the strength of civil society vis-à-vis the government has grown significantly, the bureaucracy has been increasingly incorporated into the ‘world polity’ and the logic of democracy has begun to be seen as supplementary to economic development. My theorisation rejects the wholesale endorsement or abandonment of the concept of ‘developmental state’ and treats the state as an entity that has ‘many hands’ and different types of ‘path dependence’.

Toward a post‐neoliberal social citizenship?

Toward a post‐neoliberal social citizenship?

Dissensual Leadership: Rethinking democratic leadership with Jacques Rancière

The democratic leadership literature emphasises those leadership practices that involve dialogue and communication within the frame of reference of existing organizational structures, discourses and hierarchies. Our contribution is to problematise this approach to democracy from the perspective of the work of Jacques Rancière, which highlights the importance of dissensus, that is to say a breaking away from organizational structures and hierarchies. We argue that this allows us to conceptualise collective leadership in a postfoundational way that connects a critique of individual and organization-bound leadership to a democratic logic, in particular through Rancière’s analysis of the myth of the murder of the shepherd. This also enables us to study radically disruptive, non-hierarchical and pre-dialogic dimensions of leadership that may destruct as well as construct. Two democratic leadership practices are outlined: contingent acts of leadership and the practice of radical contestation. Our argument is that both practices of democratic leadership can be deployed as radical ruptures and disruptions of organizational orders, beyond dialogue.

Managing Change in Pluralistic Organizations: The Role of Normative Accountability Assumptions

ABSTRACTPluralistic organizations face the challenge of managing the co-existence of multiple sets of assumptions associated with each institutional logic. This multiplicity of assumptions problematizes the findings from the change management literature that for successful change management, the normative assumptions of the change initiative should be congruent with the organizational normative assumptions. One of the organizational mechanisms in which the normative assumptions are encoded and enacted is the system of accountability, hence in pluralistic organizations, there is a need to understand the role of the interplay of the normative accountability assumptions of the change initiative with the multiple sets of accountability assumptions representing individual logics within the organization. This study examines the case of a project to renew a strategic framework of a Canadian public university. The project diverged from the existing governance practices and their associated accountability assumptions that represented the institutional logic of managerialism. We found that this project was widely accepted, despite deviating from the institutional logic that supported existing practices, because its accountability assumptions were congruent with co-existing and deeply-rooted, democratic logic within the organization. Our findings contribute to the change management literature by highlighting the role of normative accountability assumptions in change management within pluralistic organizations.

Local public administration as facilitator of political youth participation – good intentions and institutional shortcomings

ABSTRACTThis article examines a model for facilitating youth participation in local politics in Sweden. The Swedish youth councils are the responsibility of local authorities and they are designed to encourage political and civic interests among young people. These councils administrated by local bureaucracies are analyzed using institutional logics theory to determine the intentions, organization and outcomes of youth participation. The conclusions show that the institutional logic of the local public administration tends to dominate over the democratic logic of political participation for the young. The findings are based on mainly qualitative data from a two-year research project in Sweden.

Menno ter Braak on Democracy, Populism and Fascism: Ressentiment and its Vicissitudes

The concept of ressentiment is increasingly being drawn upon to analyse current political developments, but in doing so it is important to have a clear understanding of its original meaning in the work of Nietzsche and Scheler, who applied it to the inner logic of democracy, rather than political movements opposed to liberal democracy. This article introduces an important essay written in 1937, ‘National Socialism as a doctrine of rancour’, by the Dutch modernist writer, Menno ter Braak. Despite having been highly influential in Dutch literature and scholarship, he is virtually unknown in the Anglophone world, since none of his work has been translated. This article is an important contribution both as a rare examination of how ressentiment can be used to analyse 1930s National Socialism, and as an analysis of the role of ressentiment as a moral sentiment in democratic politics, especially its populist variants.

The “Servants” of Dehradun: A Changing Relationship between Municipal Councillors and Voters in India

ABSTRACTThe “typical” municipal councillor in India is usually portrayed in the literature as a political entrepreneur in a clientelistic relationship with voters, providing privileged access to the state in return for electoral support. This article arose out of a lack of familiarity with this portrait and the municipal councillors (known locally as Parshads) of Dehradun. Ethnographic research and the co-construction of in-depth profiles with women Parshads revealed key differences in the ways that they get things done, the types of work they do and the ways that voters make demands. The term naukrani, meaning servant, is proposed to capture these dimensions of their everyday work, and to draw attention to the way Parshads are positioned in relation to an increasingly assertive electorate. It is argued that this positioning of naukrani is revelatory of a particular democratic logic in Dehradun and emergent political subjectivities, particularly among the middle class. By examining naukrani as an imposed positioning, rather than a strategic political identity, the limitations of politicians’ self-authorship are suggested. A focus on women Parshads hints at the gendered nature of this positioning and the implicit masculine bias in conventional understandings of political actors’ role in urban governance.

"Populizm” jako protest wobec nadmiernego uniwersalizmu i obrona zakorzenienia

Punktem wyjścia analizy jest spostrzeżenie, że „oskarżenia o populizm” w istocie odsłaniają kryzys demokracji, w którym część ludu uznaje się za niezdolną do głosowania. Autorska śledzi źródła i odmiany interpretacji populizmu, ukazując podobieństwa i różnice w procesach odrzucania „głosu ludu” w logice totalitarnej i demokratycznej. Ukazując problematyczność stygmatyzacji współczesnego populizmu, w toku analizy dyskutuje tezę, głoszącą że „populiści” mogą być bliżsi ideałowi „obywatela” niż współczesne, wykorzenione, elity.

Which Democracy for a Union of States? A Comparative Perspective of the European Union

AbstractThe article investigates the democratic model of the European Union (EU) from a comparative perspective. A democratic model concerns the way in which systemic divisions, expression of structural cleavages, are institutionally and politically regulated in order to generate authoritative decisions applicable to all members (citizens and territorial units) of the political system. On the bases of a critique of the statist paradigm that influences comparative politics literature, the article has shown that unions of asymmetrical and differentiated states (as the United States, Switzerland and the supranational EU) function according to a democratic logic different from the ones characterizing the nation states. Unions of states function without both a government and a state because structured on multiple separation of powers that segment sovereignty horizontally and vertically. The segmentation of sovereignty constitutes a condition for preventing domination of the larger and powerful states on the smaller and weaker ones.

Hung Parliaments and the Need for Clearer Rules of Government Formation

AbstractThe general elections of 2017 and 2010 produced hung parliaments in which no single party could command an overall majority; in May 2015 the UK only narrowly avoided that outcome. When a parliament is hung, more than one potential government can be viable, and the constitutional rules that determine who has the first right to form the government can thus have a decisive influence on which government forms. In the past, the UK has applied several potentially contradictory rules (based on conventions and principles), which do not all follow an equally democratic logic. This status quo is problematic because it can generate political controversy and uncertainty, in addition to jeopardising the Monarch's role in the government formation process. A reform that enables parliament to elect the leader who will be tasked with the formation of the next government would resolve these problems and provide constitutional clarity.

From Democratic Consultation to User-employment: Shifting Institutional Embedding of Citizen Involvement in Health and Social Care

AbstractPolicies of citizen involvement in health and social care have given rise to a variety of organisational forms, which address citizens in different capacities and differ in their demands as to the representativeness, performance and competence of those involved. Apparently, the policies draw on different institutional logics. Based on extant studies, partly the author's own research from Norway, this article sheds light on three purposefully selected cases of citizen involvement. Two models of democratic consultation encompass a dominant model of involvement in Norway (advisory bodies of service users) and a model more prevalent in UK (panels of the general public). These are both embedded within a logic of democracy. A third emergent model of involvement is one in which citizens with experience as service users are engaged as workers in service providing organisations. This model resembles an idea of co-production. However, when involvement is organised as user-employment and paid work, the model rather seems rooted within the logic of the market – the labour market of service workers. The rise of this model suggests a shift in institutional embedding of citizen involvement. The analysis of these models provides a framework of distinguishing dimensions between different models of involvement.

The Logic of Democracy and Education

To the best of my knowledge; no one has ever exploited the relationship between Democracy and Education and Dewey’s logical theory as presented in these other works. Doing so not only lends textual evidence to the important relationship between Dewey’s logical theory and Democracy and Education; it reinforces Dewey’s claim that Democracy and Education best represents his philosophy in general. Democracy and Education evinces arguments regarding logical theory that Dewey hadn’t yet made in his published works on logical theory. These arguments concern the role and scope of scientific method in the context of the practice of teaching and the social psychology of learning. Attention to scientific method and to the habits and dispositions of the student-as-learner will be my focus. I argue that these arguments find their way into Dewey’s later logical theory; represented in Logic: the Theory of Inquiry (1938) under the rubrics of ‘the existential matrix of inquiry’ and ‘social inquiry.’ In particular; the accounts of habit; adaptation; and interaction in Chapter 2 of Dewey’s Logic; together with the account of social problems and their resolution in a genuine determination as discussed in Chapter 24; are indebted to Chapters 11–14 of Democracy and Education. And for this reason alone; Democracy and Education should be considered among the most important of Dewey’s influences regarding the development of his logical theory.

Gestão autônoma e democrática: um estudo nas escolas públicas municipais do Estado de Santa Catarina

The paper analyzes the factors that contribute to and / or constrain the autonomous and democratic management from the provision mechanisms for the position of school director, training and experience of this manager on the performance of the duties. The autonomous and democratic management is an attribute of the school management stated in the LDB/96 favoring the expansion of the participation in school decision-making process, as well as the transfer of the decision-making power to the school level, with allocation of resources of different nature. Were investigated eighteen municipal elementary schools in six pole municipalities of the State’s mesoregions, being one small size school, one middle size school and one big size school in each of these counties. The research concludes that the direct election for the position of school director, a mechanism that, according to some authors, contributes to broaden participation in school management, has not been introduced to all schools of Santa Catarina state. Training and experience seem favorable to the performance of the director’s duties. However, it seems not to generate a differential to the institutionalization of autonomous management. The research points to challenges to be overcome in the search for the institutionalization of the democratic logic that favors discussions around the directive issue.

Whose voices are heard in the news? A study of sources in television coverage of the Scottish independence referendum

This article explores the prominence of different types of sources in the coverage of the 2014 Scottish independence referendum on BBC Scotland’s regional news bulletin. It combines the most commonly used classifications of news sources in the literature and proposes an integrated taxonomy, in which official, unofficial, elite and non-elite sources may take on news-shaper or news-maker roles. This taxonomy is used to analyse the referendum coverage on BBC’s Reporting Scotland in the final month of the campaign. Findings suggest that, despite the presence of many types of sources, male-dominated political elites were the main focus in the news. Although the inclusion of some grassroots and citizen sources is encouraging, the coverage more broadly manifests a liberal democratic logic whereby the media represent the views of politicians and political organisations to the public, whose role is to make an informed choice between them, with comparatively limited opportunities to participate in the mediated political debate.

Coping with contradictions: hybrid professionals managing institutional complexity

This article deals with how organizations cope with institutional complexity. By applying theories of translation, we follow the lead of those arguing that attention has to be given to the microprocesses of institutional complexity. Thus far, empirical studies focusing on such processes have been rare. Among those studies undertaken, analyses of structures and practices have dominated while analyses of the interpretations and construction of meaning of involved actors have been neglected. We thus undertook an empirical study of the introduction of a national report on quality comparisons in health care. This report contained four conflicting institutional logics—a democratic logic, a professional logic, a managerial logic, and a market logic. We investigated the conflicts between these logics and how the conflicts were managed. The findings of the study contribute to institutional theory by suggesting that a new type of soft actor—the hybrid professional—is likely to be influential in organizations characterized by institutional complexity. The reason for this is found in the character and work of the hybrid professionals, where an important part of their work was to construct problems and solutions that aligned with all the logics at play.