Logic In China Research Articles

The Evolution Law of the Subject of Enterprise Compliance Management in China Conflicts with the Logic of Regulation

This paper aims to discuss the conflict between the evolution law of the enterprise compliance management subject and the regulation logic in China. By analyzing the background and demand of the evolution of compliance management subjects, the innovative compliance management concept is put forward, and the application of this concept in enterprise compliance management is introduced in detail. The results show that this concept has significant advantages in promoting the development of enterprise compliance management and solving the conflict of regulatory logic. The study of this paper is of great significance for the deep understanding and application of the evolution law of enterprise compliance management subjects in China.

Unraveling the Institutional Logic in China: an Examination of the Institutional Logic Behind Separation of Ownership, Contract Rights, and Operational Rights

Unraveling the Institutional Logic in China: an Examination of the Institutional Logic Behind Separation of Ownership, Contract Rights, and Operational Rights

Political mobilisation and institutional layering in urban regeneration: Transformation of land redevelopment governance in China

This research explores the pattern of institutional change and its underlying logic in China's recent land development governance. China's central government has been issuing national policies since 2012 to promote urban regeneration to improve land use efficiency and sustainability. Through the lens of historical institutionalism, this paper analyses the making and implementation of Shanghai's new urban regeneration policies since 2014, which was a response to the central state's mandate. Results show that the redevelopment mode encouraged by the municipal governments is financially unattractive to district governments and market entities. Pro-growth development governance maintains strong inertia since it has been embedded in interlocking institutional arrangements. However, the top-down campaign temporarily changed the power distribution among different levels of government and cultivated incremental institutional layering. A small range of redevelopment projects were implemented through political mobilisation of the state-owned enterprises' financial resources and the local cadre's attention. This paper concludes that the transformation of China's land development governance is an inevitably arduous top-down process, characterised by constant rescaling of the distribution of power and constant adjustments to reconcile the pro-growth inertia and the state mandate toward sustainability.

How Advertising Promotes Harmful Gender Stereotypes in China? - Critical Discourse Analysis of Fuyanjie's and Ubras' Advertising

As society progresses and develops, women's rights are increasing, but gender stereotypes are still a significant problem in society today. Harmful gender stereotypes are highlighted by the male gaze, which is the legacy of a patriarchal society. The male gaze inadvertently induces and disciplines women, which is a kind of objectification of women. In this paper, advertisements of Ubras and Fuyanjie are used as samples to analyze the psychological mechanisms of advertising harmful gender stereotypes and the underlying patriarchal logic in China. Plus, the authors also analyzed the adverse effects of such advertising on different age groups in society, especially women. Finally, the authors provide advice on alleviating the baneful effects of harmful gender stereotypes from two levels: authority and individual. Critical discourse analysis is used as the main methodology. The purpose is to keep women appropriately alert in this information age and to guide them to form a correct view of the body, aesthetics and values.

From Wild East to Forbidden City: Mapping Algorithmic News Distribution in China through a Case Study of Jinri Toutiao

Digital platforms, with their ever-increasing reach and power, are reshaping many aspects of society. China is experiencing a platformization of society akin to what has occurred in the West. By mapping the algorithmic news distribution field in China, this study shows how the key players (including digital platforms, news organizations, and state regulators) compete, collaborate, and work symbiotically with each other in this changing ecology. We explore a particularly key player—Jinri Toutiao, led by ByteDance (parent company of the popular app TikTok)—as a case that exemplifies the platform logic in China’s news ecosystem and how it involves a delicate dance with the public and regulators in a politically restrictive environment. We find that the mutual shaping of platforms and society is not a given but rather a dynamic process. Indeed, we show that Toutiao’s tremendous success is partially because of the state’s laissez-faire policy in the earlier years, and that its move to assume greater social responsibility is a response to recent tightening of regulations. Amid widespread questions about the role and influence of Big Tech and platforms in society, the case of China enriches our understanding of the platformization of news outside the Western context.

Crowding-out Effect of SOEs on Market-based Organizational Forms in China: Implication for Korea

Purpose - We examine how an old organizational form interacts with a new one to maintain the former’s status and legitimacy during the change process in institutional logics. We focus on how state-owned enterprises (SOEs) crowd out three market-based organizational forms to maintain legitimacy and status during institutional change from state logic to market logic in China. In addition, we examine the moderating effects of export intensity and firm age of market-based enterprises on the aforementioned relationship.
 Design/Methodology/Approach - To test our hypotheses, we use a panel data set on manufacturing firms in China from 2011 to 2015. We utilize event history analysis because our dependent variable is the exit of market-based firms. We select the parametric Weibull model because it outperforms other survival models.
 Findings - Our results generally support our hypotheses. SOEs crowd out market-based organizational forms mainly owing to identity conflict. SOEs are likely to be hostile toward market-based firms with strong market identity, such as those with high export intensity and old market-based firms.
 Research - Implications Findings provide implications for policy makers and market-based enterprise managers in Korea. We highlight that Chinese and Korean SOEs are not precisely comparable but they are similar in several ways. We propose that policy makers in Korea develop and implement policy measures to control SOEs’ negative actions toward market-based firms and to dilute SOEs’ state identity. Lastly, we suggest that Korean market-based enterprise managers consider the effect of market identity on their survival and build connections with the government to strengthen market-based firms’ competitiveness and legitimacy.

One hundred years of Chinese dialectical logic: An academic history of logic relating to contemporary Chinese Marxism

The study of dialectical logic has a history of nearly one hundred years in China. It is significant for understanding both the growth of Chinese logic and the Sinicization of Marxism to review dialectical logic in the context of introducing the study of Marxism in China. Debates about dialectical logic in Chinese academic circles involve not only the problems of logic itself, but more importantly the understanding of Marxist philosophy. In the 1920s and 1930s, some Marxist researchers in China were influenced by the philosophers and logicians of the former Soviet Union, and they came very close to equating dialectical logic with Marxist dialectics. They also identified the formal logic originating from ancient Greece as metaphysics, praising the former and criticizing the latter. In the upsurge of Marxist philosophy in the 1950s and 1960s, Chinese logicians carried out normal and formal academic research on dialectical logic. During the period from the end of 1970s to the end of 1990s, the research and teaching of dialectical logic in China reached its heyday, and logicians performed comprehensive and detailed research on some critical issues, including the basic laws of dialectical logic, which they tried to formalize. Since the beginning of the 21st century, dialectical logic has ceased to prosper and has faded from the core field of the discipline of logic, although some honorable scholars still persist in studying it.

Between Philosophy and Mathematics

This article studies some central developments in the propagation and teaching of mathematical logic in 1930s China. Focusing on the emergence of a twofold disciplinary approach to mathematical logic, namely as a discipline studied and disseminated by Chinese philosophers on the one hand and mathematicians on the other, this paper explores one of the key turning points in the development of the academic notion of mathematical logic in China. Apart from casting some light on the teaching of mathematical logic in the framework of both philosophical as well as mathematical spheres of inquiry, this article also provides some preliminary insights into the circumstances surrounding the first systematic introduction of mathematical logic into the modern standardized system of education, which gradually took shape over the late-1920s and early 1930s in China.

Asian Studies and the History of Chinese Logic

This special issue outlines the process of the introduction of logic in 20th century China. It describes the institutional as well as the conceptual and theoretical dimensions of this process, and presents the work of numerous eminent intellectuals who devoted their lives to promoting and introducing a public discourse of logic during this period. It also presents the Chinese institutional background that enabled the development of logic in China, such as academies, university departments, journals, and academic societies.

70 Years of Logic in China, 1949-2019

This article outlines the history of logic in China from 1949 to 2019. Firstly, it presents a rough picture of Chinese logic before 1949 using broad brushstrokes. Secondly, it divides the whole process of development into two stages. In the first 30 years from 1949 to 1979, Chinese logic made some achievements, but also went along some detours, and its overall situation was unsatisfactory. In the latter 40 years from 1979 to 2019, due to Deng Xiaoping’s reform and opening up, many Chinese logicians went abroad for academic visits or to study degrees in foreign universities or research institutes, gradually became familiar with and even integrated into the international mainstream of logic teaching and research, and ushered in the great flourishing of logic in China we see today. Finally, it draws four lessons from this process of development, as follows. 1) Let politics and academia live in peace, by respecting and adhering to the idea of academic freedom. 2) Academic advances cannot be achieved in isolation from the world, so we should fully embrace the international academic community, while insisting on our own independent thinking. 3) We should always adhere to the policy of “letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend”, so that different academic viewpoints and tendencies can be improved and developed in their mutual collision. 4) We should cultivate academic self-confidence, gradually make the change from pure follow-up learning to original work in some fields of logic.

The Philosophy of Logic in China

This 70-year retrospective of the Chinese work on philosophy of logic is presented mainly in terms of the notion of the “philosophy of logic”, the notion of logic and the social-cultural role of logic. It generally involves three kinds of questions, namely, how to distinguish philosophical logic from the philosophy of logic, what the nature and scope of logic is from Chinese scholars’ point of view, and why the social-cultural role of logic is underscored in the Chinese context. Finally, some of the prospects for the future studies of philosophy of logic in China are indicated.

Chinese Research on Mathematical Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics

This paper outlines the Chinese research on mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics. Firstly, it presents the introduction and spread of mathematical logic in China, especially the teaching and translation of mathematical logic initiated by Bertrand Russell’s lectures in the country. Secondly, it outlines the Chinese research on mathematical logic after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. The research in this period experienced a short revival under the criticism of the Soviet Union, explorations under the heavy influence of the Cultural Revolution, and the vigorous development of mathematical logic teaching and research after the period of “Reform and Opening Up” that started in the late 1970s, and the full integration of Chinese mathematical logic research into the international academic circle in the new century after 2000. In the third part, it focuses on the unique and original results of the Chinese mathematical logic research teams from the following three aspects: medium logic, lattice implication algebras and their lattice-valued systems of logic, and Chinese notation of logical constants, which can be used as a substantive supplement to the relevant literature on the history of mathematical logic in China. The last part is a reflection on the shortcomings of contemporary Chinese research on mathematical logic and the foundations of mathematics.

Scholarship on Russell’s Visit to China

Scholarship on Russell’s Visit to China Bernard Linsky Jan Vrhovski and Jana S. Rošker, eds. Bertrand Russell’s Visit to China: Selected Texts on the Centenary of Intercultural Dialogues in Logic and Epistemology. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Ljubljana U. P., 2021. Pp. 261. isbn: 978-961-06-0460-0. €19.90. Online: e-knjige.ff.uni-lj.si/znanstvena-zalozba/catalog/book/278. Bertrand Russell visited China from October 1920 to July 1921, where he lived in a courtyard house in Beijing with Dora Black, returning to Britain in August. Russell’s invitation to lecture at Peking University had come from professors who were members of the New Culture Movement, a movement of students and intellectuals dedicated to modernizing China in the aftermath of the 1912 revolution that ended the Ching dynasty. Young Chinese had been educated at Western universities as part of the Boxer Indemnity forced on China in the aftermath of the invasion of China some years before. Among those “returned overseas” students were Hu Shi (Hu Shih), a philosopher who had studied with John Dewey at Columbia University. 1 Another such student was Zhao Yuanren (Yuan Ren Chao), who would serve as Russell’s principal interpreter during the visit. Russell’s academic lectures consisted of a course titled “Problems of Philosophy”, an introductory series loosely following The Problems of Philosophy, a course closely following The Analysis of Mind, which was already in press in 1921, and two lectures on mathematical logic of a projected four that were cut short by Russell’s serious pneumonia that ended his lecturing in March of 1921. In addition to academic lecture courses, Russell delivered numerous lectures on education, communism and social issues while Dora Black lectured on the status of women and on the chapters of the book that they were to collaborate on upon returning from China, The Prospects of Industrial Civilization. Russell first lectured in English with Zhao interpreting into Chinese. Almost all were then published in a series of periodicals, both important newspapers and in specially designed periodicals. Jan Vrhovski and Jana S. Rošker of the Ljubljana University in Slovenia [End Page 186] have translated several essays and letters to the editor that accompanied the visit and debated the significance of Russell’s philosophy for China. They have added interpretive essays of their own to address the issue of the significance for later academic philosophy and logic in China. Although the Communist Party of China (cpc), founded soon after Russell’s departure in 1921, was opposed to Russell’s political views, his theory of knowledge and logic continued to influence what are to this day the leading universities in China, Qinghua [Tsinghua] University and Peking University in Beijing. Wang Hao had studied with Lin Juelin at Qinghua and then later at Harvard with Willard Van Quine. An echo of Russell’s visit to China can be heard in Wang’s 1960 essay on computer-generated proofs of the theorems of Principia Mathematica. Other than the end of this long thread of influence, little is known in the West of Russell’s influence in China, or indeed in China itself, after a number of Russell’s followers were denounced in the 1950s and 1960s, and all “foreign” philosophical influence was replaced by the Maoist orthodoxy. Recent developments in China have led to an increase of interest in Russell’s lectures at their centenary. The philosophy lectures are still not translated into English, although there is a project to collect and translate authoritative versions of the Chinese reports of the lectures to join the collection of Zhao Yuanren's complete works. The centenary of Russell’s visits was marked by two conferences in Beijing and a series of lectures at Peking University. From North America we have a thoroughly researched Harvard ma thesis by John Paisley, Bertrand Russell and China during and after His Visit in 1920. The Covid epidemic appears to have interfered with some other planned conferences on the visit. Paisley’s thesis, an issue of the journal Contemporary Chinese Thought, and this collection by Vrhovski and Rošker are so far the most substantial records of the visit in English since the publication of Collected...

Budget Structure Discontinuity: Unveiling Mechanism and Connecting Logic in China’s Context

While budget structure discontinuity signals decisional shifts, it has not been studied in depth in China’s context. We identify and explain budget structure discontinuity in 31 Chinese provinces between 1996 and 2018. We identify that fiscal expenditure on economic development and on science, education, culture, and healthcare (SECH) are more discontinuous, while expenditure on public safety is more incremental. We find that because Chinese provincial leaders have strong incentives to outperform predecessors and leaders of other provinces for better promotional prospects and transfer payments. New chief leaders gather political authority as their tenure increases and utilize their authority to overcome institutional inertia to achieve political missions, causing budget discontinuity. We empirically verify our mechanism and find that leaders strive for the upper reaches in economic development and approach the national average in SECH. With our mechanism, we form a coherent logic chain among institutional arrangements, budget discontinuity, and fiscal performance.

A Look Back at the Development of Logic in China since 1978

A Look Back at the Development of Logic in China since 1978

Political-Administrative Dichotomy: Its Sources, Logic and Debates

Since its birth in Europe in the 19th century, the theory of political-administrative dichotomy has come into maturity via the help of Wilson and Goodnow. As the theoretical cornerstone of Public Administration, political-administrative dichotomy has a profound historical root, and yet still provoked vehement arguments and confrontations. This article tries to present a line of argument about the identity of public administration at large, as well as that embedded in Chinese context, by articulating both the historical background and theoretical course, and the famous criticism of public administration by Waldo. Our conclusion is that in China’s context, we can never properly understand governance environment and logic in China if we over-estimate the separation and distinction of politics and administration.

An Exploratory Study of Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Decision-Making Logics: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and Perspective Taking

ABSTRACTThis study explores the impacts of psychological factors on entrepreneurs’ preferences for causal and effectual decision-making logics. Data were collected in the USA and China. The research findings suggest that self-efficacy was positively related to the control decision-making logic and the prediction decision-making logic both in the USA and China. Optimism was negatively related to the prediction decision-making logic in the USA while there was no significant relationship between optimism and the prediction decision-making logic in China. We also found that perspective taking was positively related to the prediction decision-making logic both in the USA and China. Meanwhile, perspective taking was positively related to the control decision-making logic in China. Our findings indicate that psychological factors have impacts on entrepreneurs’ preferences for causal and effectual decision-making logics. Our research contributes to extend effectuation by exploring psychological antecedents and demonstrating that effectual logics can also stem from an increase in psychological factors.

Modernization Strategy and Tiyong Logic in China

Modernization Strategy and Tiyong Logic in China

The Productivist Construction of Selective Welfare Pragmatism in China

AbstractThis article discusses whether Mainland China under the Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao leadership (2003–13) has developed a new welfare settlement, the emphasis of which is to shift away from a ‘productivist’ focus on education and healthcare investment towards a more ‘protective’ approach, characterized by investing into social protection and establishing a minimum living guarantee for both the urban and rural poor. In so doing, this article reviews the conceptual debate on Chinese social policy development and explores whether there is any evidence to substantiate a gradual decrease of fragmentation in social provision among the Chinese provinces. With regard to the former question, the article finds that the various social policy initiatives have yet to amount to a qualitative shift in the core foundation of the human capital‐focused welfare production logic in China. With regard to the latter question, we argue that considerable fragmentation of social provision at the Chinese provincial level continues to hamper attempts to define a coherent Chinese social model. Indeed, we find considerable diversity in terms of the co‐operative state‐local interactions within China leading to varying trajectories of social decentralization. Unlike much of the current research in comparative social policy analysis, which continues to treat Mainland China as a single case, this article provides a strong account of a productivist construction of selective welfare pragmatism, which reproduces social policy gaps for different groups of the Chinese population, and suggests that determining multiple ‘welfare types’ within China might be the most fruitful path for future academic inquiry.

Why Logical Revisabilism Is Wrong

The legacy of logical revisabilism is a hot issue in the philosophy of logic in China. Logical revisabilism holds that Quine is the source of this theory, and that non-classical logic is an instance of logical revision. Here, the reason for logical revisability is due to false descriptive elements in logic. Quine may not agree with logical revisabilism because he thinks that only first-order logic is the orthodox logic, there being no instance of logical revision. Logical revisabilists do not discuss the problem of logical revision on the same level. What’s more, there is an unsolved problem with logical revisabilism, which is explaining “the false descriptive elements in logic.”