Concept Of Logic Research Articles

What is logical deflationism? Two non-metalinguistic conceptions of logic

What is logical deflationism? Two non-metalinguistic conceptions of logic

Tegal Tourism Object Selection Decision Support System Using Fuzzy Logic

There are many agencies that have databases but are left without proper management. For example, in tourist attractions in Kota & Kab. Tegal, along with the rapid development of tourism technology, the tourism industry requires the tourism industry to apply information technology to provide convenience for tourists to find out tourist areas according to the cost, and the distance of the tourist attractions entered. The provision of tourism information helps tourists to consider and make decisions to travel. Tahani Fuzzy Logic was chosen because the concept of Fuzzy logic is easy to understand, flexible, and because the Tahani logic method is a form of decision support where the main tool is functional with the main input criteria determined by the user/tourist. This system was implemented using web programming and MySQL database, where the variables to be considered are Type of Tour, Number of Facilities, Price of Tour Tickets, Number of Tourist Visitors, Travel Distance from City Center. The results of this study are a decision support system for tourism selection in Tegal using Fuzzy Tahani which can recommend tourist attractions in Tegal which are determined by tourists depending on tourist criteria based on the firestrength of the selected variables

EXPLORING ETHNOMATHEMATICS ON THE FISH BREEDING ACTIVITIES IN TAMBAK BULAK, SIDOARJO

Ethnomathematics is a mathematical idea that grows in a culture. Ethnomathematics is an important idea to know the role of mathematics in everyday life. Through ethnomathematics, learning mathematics can be taught in close situations with students. Thus, students will be easier and interested in understanding mathematical concepts at school. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the ethnomathematical form that exist in fish breeders activities in Tambak Bulak Sidoarjo which focuses on six fundamental activities in a culture. This research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. Data obtained from participant observation and interviews with fish breeders from the Tambak Bulak Sidoarjo community with data collection instruments are observation sheets, interview guidelines, and research note sheets. Furthermore, the data will be analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that, there were ethnomathematical form in fish breeders activities in Tambak Bulak Sidoarjo related to the concept of numbers, cartesian coordinate system, length, direct proportion, inverse proportion, plane figures namely rectangles, trapezoids, circles, rhombuses, triangles, and pentagons, also the math logic concepts. Thus, fish breeders activities can be used as a bridge to teach mathematical concepts in schools with the hope that students can more easily understand the mathematical concepts.
 Keyword: ethnomathematics, fish breeding, Tambak Bulak Sidoarjo.

Spatial concept learning and inference on geospatial polygon data

Geospatial knowledge has always been an essential driver for many societal aspects. This concerns in particular urban planning and urban growth management. To gain insights from geospatial data and guide decisions usually authoritative and open data sources are used, combined with user or citizen sensing data. However, we see a great potential for improving geospatial analytics by combining geospatial data with the rich terminological knowledge, e.g., provided by the Linked Open Data Cloud. Having semantically explicit, integrated geospatial and terminological knowledge, expressed by means of established vocabularies and ontologies, cross-domain spatial analytics can be performed. One analytics technique working on terminological knowledge is inductive concept learning, an approach that learns classifiers expressed as logical concept descriptions. In this paper, we extend inductive concept learning to infer and make use of the spatial context of entities in spatio-terminological data. We propose a formalism for extracting and making spatial relations explicit such that they can be exploited to learn spatial concept descriptions, enabling ‘spatially aware’ concept learning. We further provide an implementation of this formalism and demonstrate its capabilities in different evaluation scenarios.

Development of Students’ Verbal and Logical Thinking in the Course of Research Work

Verbal and logical thinking is a type of thinking carried out through logical operations with concepts. The subject can learn the essential features and relationships of the reality in the course of verbal and logical thinking, operating with logical concepts. The aim of the study was to experimentally test the impact of research work on the students’ level of verbal and logical thinking. The study involved: Thinking Types, Generalization of Concepts, Classification of Objects, Comparison of Concepts by K. Goldstein. The results of the pedagogical experiment allowed stating that there was an increase in the level of verbal and logical thinking in the subjects of the experimental group as a result of special experimental work. The students of the experimental group were involved in research work in three stages: motivational and preparatory, substantive and procedural, analytical and resultant. The main forms of research work of students were: holding round tables, meetings of the student scientific community, the Council of Young Scientists; involvement of students in webinars on research programmes and grants, competitions for student research papers, introduction of students into the basics of research activities through individual consultations with supervisors, representatives of the Council of Young Scientists; preparation of abstracts, brief outline reports of conferences, articles; conducting disputes; participation in the work of the student scientific community, problem groups, workshops, laboratories. We consider the study of the relationship between the dominant type of thinking of students and the major chosen in higher educational institution as a prospect for further research.

Design and Validation of an Augmented Reality Teaching System for Primary Logic Programming Education.

Programming is a skill that requires high levels of logical thinking and problem-solving abilities. According to the Curriculum Guidelines for the 12-Year Basic Education currently implemented in Taiwan, programming has been included in the mandatory courses of middle and high schools. Nevertheless, the guidelines simply recommend that elementary schools conduct fundamental instructions in related fields during alternative learning periods. This may result in the problem of a rough transition in programming learning for middle school freshmen. To alleviate this problem, this study proposes an augmented reality (AR) logic programming teaching system that combines AR technologies and game-based teaching material designs on the basis of the fundamental concepts for seventh-grade structured programming. This system can serve as an articulation curriculum for logic programming in primary education. Thus, students are able to develop basic programming logic concepts through AR technologies by performing simple command programming. This study conducted an experiment using the factor-based quasi-experimental research design and questionnaire survey method, with 42 fifth and sixth graders enrolled as the experimental subjects. The statistical analysis showed the following results: In terms of learning effectiveness, both AR-based and traditional learning groups displayed a significant performance. However, of the two groups, the former achieved more significant effectiveness in the posttest results. Regarding learning motivation, according to the evaluation results of the Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (ARCS) motivation model, the AR-based learning group manifested significantly higher levels of learning motivation than the traditional learning group, with particularly significant differences observed in the dimension of Attention. Therefore, the experimental results validate that the proposed AR-based logic programming teaching system has significant positive effects on enhancing students’ learning effectiveness and motivation.

The Private Language Argument: Another Footnote to Plato?

A valid and arguably sound private language argument is built using premises based on Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations augmented by familiar analytic distinctions and concepts of logic. The private language problem and the solution presented here can be plausibly traced to Plato’s Allegory of the Cave. Both literatures missed the connection.

Implementation of Efficient XOR Arbiter PUF on FPGA With Enhanced Uniqueness and Security

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are recently utilized as a promising security solution for authentication and identification of internet of things (IoT) devices. In this article, we present an efficient implementation of XOR Arbiter PUF (XOR APUF) on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In our work, we incorporated concept of discrete programmable delays logic (PDL) configurations, the obfuscated challenges and temporal majority voting (TMV) before the XOR operation concurrently to enhance uniqueness and security. The derived design has been verified on 25 Xilinx Artix-7 FPGAs and the results are promising with uniqueness of 48.69%, uniformity 50.73% and reliability 99.41%, which significantly improves over previous work into XOR APUF designs. In addition, we also investigate modeling attack resistance of the proposed design against various modelling attacks and the security analysis show that the proposed PUF has lower prediction rate (<65%) when compared to the previous XOR APUF designs.

A decision-making model for tool material selection in electrical discharge machining

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) has emerged as an essential process for machining dies/moulds in electrically conductive materials. Apart from workpiece erosion, the inherent characteristic of the process leads to tool wear. Thus, selecting EDM tool material is critical for achieving higher efficiency and accuracy. The present study deals with framing a decision-making model to facilitate the selection of tool material for the EDM process. Key factors such as density, electrical resistivity, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, melting point, specific heat and cost are chosen as criteria. The concept of fuzzy logic has been applied to assign the weightage of each criterion by taking experts’ decisions in linguistic terms. Thereafter, the TOPSIS method is applied to rank the alternatives, wherein tungsten evolved as the best material, followed by copper graphite, copper, copper tungsten and tellurium copper. Further, sensitivity analysis is conducted to check the robustness of the developed model.

Problem tożsamości filozofii w koncepcjach przedstawicieli szkoły lwowsko-warszawskiej oraz ich krytyków

The article presents polemics, concerning the concept of philosophy of the Lviv-Warsaw School (R. Ingarden’s polemic with K. Twardowski’s views on the possibility of forms and limits of cognition of mental states of other people), and three polemics with Łukasiewicz’s concept of trivalent logic: F. Gonseth; Urquhart; T. Bigaj. A polemical analysis of the differences in the understanding of the tasks of philosophy between the Lviv-Warsaw School and Polish neo-Thomism is also presented. The postulate of the neutrality of philosophy in relation to worldview problems leads to non-involvement in religious and political disputes, while the recommendation to avoid speculative issues – to an aversion to statements of a metaphysical nature. M. Przełęcki, considered to be one of the last representatives of the Lviv-Warsaw School, argues against this view.

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) Based Computational Complexity Analysis of Multicarrier Waveforms

Multicarrier waveforms with enhanced spectral efficiency, low latency, and high throughput are required for 5G wireless networks. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) method is well-known in research, but due to its limited spectral efficiency, various alternative waveforms are being considered for 5G systems. In the recent communication world, NOMA (non-orthogonal multiple access) plays a significant part due to its wider transmission of data with less bandwidth allocation. Even if a high data rate can be attained, the transmission problem will arise due to the spread of multiple paths. In order to reduce complexity and area utilization, a novel PL-based FWFT (Fast walsh hadamard fourier transform) technique is proposed and implemented in the VLSI architecture. To achieve a high-performance system, the main concept of pass transistor logic (PL) with VLSI implementation is to diminish the size and power consumption. Finally, the performance of the proposed FWFT/ IFWFT implementation has been evaluated. For FPGA’s 16-point FWFT, the number of transistors decreased by 21% and the total power required was reduced by 5.5%. The same implementation for 34 transistor-pass-logic customs and power consumption is 2.764 mW with a latency of 78.256 ns. As a consequence, the proposed system achieves low power, area and low complexity system that can enhance the function of the multicarrier waveform systems.

The Network Live Migration Design Based On The Mobile IPv6 Network Mobility For Hybrid Cloud Network

In the Cloud Computing, the migration mechanism can provide services, computing jobs and resources moved from a virtual environment to another virtual environment, and service providers can fit out their logic network architectures to offer services for user requirements. The network live migration across the different networks is a big challenge of the migration mechanism. In the paper, logical network architecture was proposed to provide the Cloud Computing in a hybrid network environment. The logical network concept, tunnel technology, domain name service and some existing network protocols were integrated into the proposed mechanism to provide network live migration across the different networks. The proposed mechanism implemented based on Open vSwitch and XEN. In our experimental results, we confirm that the proposed mechanism can provide network live migration across the different networks, and the network service will not be break. The performance evaluations also show that the proposed architecture can better than the NEMO solution.

Formation of children's logical thinking concepts in people's pedagogy through puzzles

Formation of children's logical thinking concepts in people's pedagogy through puzzles

Peirce’s influence on Haack's reflections on the nature of logic

In her book Deviant Logic (1974), Susan Haack argued for a “pragmatist” conception of logic. This conception holds that, (i) logic is a theory on a par with other scientific theories, differing only from such theories by its degree of generality and (ii) the choice of a particular logic is to be made based on pragmatist principles, namely, economy, coherence, and simplicity. This view was contrasted, in this book, with an “absolutist” view of logic, according to which logical laws are necessary and immune to revision. Two decades later, however, Haack acknowledged, in the Introduction to an enlarged version of the same book, that she would not approach the question of the revisability of logic in the same way she did earlier. What was missing in her first book was a distinction between the question of the necessity of the laws of logic and the question of our fallibility in recognizing which are the true laws of logic and what structures are essential to representation. She also acknowledged that this change was mainly influenced by Peirce, with whose work she had “only the most superficial acquaintance twenty years ago”. In this context, this paper has two aims: (1) to show that, in Philosophy of Logics, we can find elements that reveal a tension between her early “pragmatic” views and her changing views on the nature of logic; (2) to present some hypotheses about the role Peirce may have had in this change.

Logical Concepts vs. Logical Operations

In what follows, the difference between Frege’s and Schröder’s understanding of logical connectives will be investigated. It will be argued that Frege thought of logical connectives as concepts, whereas Schröder thought of them as operations. For Frege, logical connectives can themselves be connected. There is no substantial difference between the connectives and the concepts they connect. Frege’s distinction between concepts and objects is central to this conception, because it allows a method of concept formation which enables us to form concepts from the logical connectives alone. Schröder in contrast unifies the distinction between concepts and objects (which he calls elements and relatives), but keeps the distinction between logical connectives and what they connect. It will be argued that Frege’s particular way of perceiving logical connectives is crucial for his foundational project.

READING THE IDEOLOGY OF EURASISM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WORKS OF N.S. TRUBETSKY AND G.V. VERNADSKY) AND THE THEORY OF ETHNOGENESIS L.N. GUMILEV FROM THE POSITION OF ANTI-EXTREMIST BEGINNINGS

The article analyzes the main theses of the Eurasian ideology from the position of anti-extremist views. The author gives a brief outline of the formation of ideological postulates in the works of Prince N.S. Trubetskoy, as the founder of Eurasianism, and analyzes the criticism of the thinker's ideas from anti-nationalist and anti-racist positions. Further, the author briefly examines the positions of G.V. Vernadsky in the context of Eurasian ideology, noting the similarity with the ideas of N.S. Trubetskoy. The illogicality and discontinuity of the ideas of G.V. Vernadsky in comparison with the more rigorous and logical concept of N.S. Trubetskoy. The author informs that in the future G.V. Vernadsky increasingly moved away from the Eurasian ideology in favor of other theories. However, as the author emphasizes, the Eurasian ideology itself, when examined in detail, is distinguished by the discontinuity of ideas and inconsistency, moreover, from the very moment of its inception. Nevertheless, the author notes, the internal inconsistency of Eurasianism does not mean its nationalistic character. Moreover, there is no talk of racism in the Eurasian doctrine. Then the author analyzes anti-extremist views in the theory of ethnogenesis by L.N. Gumilyov, and notes the difficulty of proving it. Some attempts to prove the theory of ethnogenesis from a biological point of view are analyzed. The author concludes that there is no extremist ideology in the analyzed theories, but emphasizes the danger of misinterpreting these trends. This thesis is confirmed several times in the work with the help of various arguments.

Lógicas del paisaje y territorio en Cusi Cusi (Jujuy, Argentina)

In this paper I propose a dialogue between the concepts of landscape logics and territory, in order to interpret the history of the ways of life in terms of different shapes adopted by territoriality in time and space in a wide temporal range. I also suggest a model of landscapes in Cusi Cusi (Rinconada, Jujuy) using those concepts. My consideration is that to understand lanscapes as territories allow us to interpret problems from the past, the presente and even project them into the future. To achieve this goal, I apply the concepts in a model of different ways of life across time, the relationships between them and the questions that can be raised through considering territoriality as a key concept.

Fuzzy-Based Investigation of Challenges for the Deployment of Renewable Energy Power Generation

Studying and analyzing the challenges that the renewable energy sector faces can help evaluate the risks and improve the planning. This research is done by considering the challenges in the implementation of sustainable generation of electricity through RESs in India, based on factors, including technical, financial, involvement, support, and others. The triangular fuzzy number (TFN) method, based on fuzzy logic concept, is used to analyze the challenges in this study. In general, TFN comprises of three numbers, likewise Gaussian fuzzy numbers, trapezoidal fuzzy numbers also exist. The classified sets of numbers are denotations to decision-makers’ perspective or a choice towards the criterion preference. Although alternatives are many to design a fuzzy set depending on elements count, the TFNs are the ones considered as actual representations of a fuzzy number. On the other hand, cases the Gaussian or trapezoidal, are manifestations of fuzzy intervals. Another argument is that the membership function shape corresponding to the number of fuzzy set elements is largely dependent on the study. The challenges identified along with analysis in this paper will help the industry, governments, and policymakers focus and tackle essential issues to facilitate further the deployment of RESs in India towards a more sustainable country.

Exploring EFL Teachers’ Perspectives on Sources of Challenges in Writing Classroom

This mixed-method study explores Saudi EFL teachers’ perspectives on students’ writing competencies and their concerns regarding the writing challenges, particularly in relation to EFL teachers, learners, and textbooks. The study sample consisted of 139 female EFL teachers working in Saudi Arabia. Data was gathered using a questionnaire composed of three sections: demographic information, 15 close-ended items, and three open-ended questions. The findings revealed that Saudi students’ writing skills are poor and fall below expectations. The results mainly showed their lack of vocabulary, grammar, spelling, punctuation, capitalization, transition words, legible handwriting, logical paragraph arrangement, concept flow, and genuine and supportive examples. The first open-ended question results revealed that these EFL teachers highlighted ten issues as negatively impacting the quality of students’ writing. The second open-ended question results showed eleven potential sources of these challenges related to learners. Finally, the results of the third open-ended question revealed six factors focusing on problems associated with textbooks potentially exerting a negative influence on the quality of students’ writing. The study concludes with some practical recommendations and suggestions for further research.

Some Characteristics of the Referential and Inferential Predication in Classical Logic

In the article we consider the relationship of traditional provisions of basic logical concepts and confront them with new and modern approaches to the same concepts. Logic is characterized in different ways when it is associated with syllogistics (referential – semantical model of logic) or with symbolic logic (inferential – syntactical model of logic). This is not only a difference in the logical calculation of (1) concepts, (2) statements, and (3) predicates, but this difference also appears in the treatment of the calculative abilities of logical forms, the ontological-referential status of conceptual content and the inferential-categorical status of logical forms. The basic markers or basic ideas that separate ontologically oriented logic from categorically oriented logic are the (1) concept of truth, the (2) concept of meaning, the (3) concept of identity, and the (4) concept of predication. Here, this differences are explicitly demonstrated by the introduction of differential terminology. From this differential methodology follows a new set of characterizations of logic.