Loess Slope Research Articles

Exploring the influence of alfalfa root reinforcement on the loess slopes reliability analysis

Exploring the influence of alfalfa root reinforcement on the loess slopes reliability analysis

Evaluation method of progressive failure of loess slope under shallow coal seam mining

Abstract When mining coal under loess gully, the surface slopes may exhibit significant discontinuous failure characteristics such as local failure and landslides. These characteristics, composed of failure and non-failure regions, form an essentially unstable mechanical system. This makes it difficult to obtain a true solution using continuous medium mechanics, greatly increasing the complexity of slope failure evaluation and management. To accurately evaluate the degree of slope failure during mining, clarify its mechanism, and propose appropriate management measures, the Ningtiaota Coal Mine in northern Shanxi was selected as the study area. Based on the unbalanced thrust method and the probability integral settlement prediction theory, and utilizing numerical calculations, we proposed a method for evaluating and managing slope failure in coal mining under loess gully. This method describes the changes in slope failure during mining through the deformation failure ratio of the slip surface and quantifies the degree of slope failure at different mining times, revealing the full process stability evolution characteristics of points and surfaces as the critical state of the slope progresses. When the deformation failure ratio of the slip surface is ≥1, it indicates overall slope failure and the beginning of slope sliding instability; when the deformation failure ratio of the slip surface is <1, it indicates local slope failure. Based on this, corresponding management methods were proposed according to the mechanical distribution characteristics of the slope slip surface in different stress areas. The research results were applied in the Ningtiaota Coal Mine in northern Shanxi, yielding positive outcomes.

Model Test on Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Loess Slope Failure.

The three stages of loess collapse are characterized by notable concealment and sudden onset due to the sudden nature of loess collapse and the prolonged duration of the peristaltic deformation stage. Traditional displacement monitoring methods struggle to detect early signals of instability and failure, leading to poor timeliness in disaster warnings. This project begins by examining non-force field information related to the loess collapse process. It focuses on acoustic emission monitoring and employs model tests to identify effective waveguide rods for monitoring loess collapse. Additionally, the project investigates the evolution anomalies of acoustic emission parameters before and after loess collapse failure, aiming to establish early warning criteria for loess collapse based on acoustic emission. This work provides a theoretical basis for monitoring and early warning of loess collapses. This study evaluates five parameters of the active waveguide system: sensor installation method, filling material, waveguide rod wall thickness, outer wrapping material, and outer wrapping wall thickness. The densities of the filler materials were tested using the optimal parameters derived from the tests to identify the best configurations for active acoustic emission (AE) waveguide systems suitable for monitoring loess collapse. Subsequently, a one-sided connected loess collapse model was employed for indoor tests, integrating real-time AE monitoring with the active waveguide method. This model facilitates the exploration of AE response characteristics during loess collapse and the analysis of destructive forms of loess collapse and time-sequence evolution of AE ringing counts throughout the deformation and destruction process. Results indicate that using filler materials with high elasticity modulus, high compactness, and low Poisson's ratio, along with thin outer wrapping and waveguide rod walls, leads to strong AE signals. As deformation damage of loess collapse intensifies, the number of AE ringing counts notably increases. A rapid rise in cumulative ringing counts can indicate a "sudden increase", or the b-value may stabilize, providing precursor information for loess collapse.

Experimental Study on the Protective Effect of High Alcoholysis Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Solution Spraying on Loess Fill Slopes

Loess has high water sensitivity and exhibits poor characteristics such as weak cementation and high porosity. Under heavy rainfall, loess fill slopes are prone to erosion and landslides, posing serious threats to public safety and property. In light of these serious threats, this study employed the method of spraying polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution to improve loess fill slopes and systematically examine its protective effects. Through field investigations and combined laboratory and outdoor tests, this study comprehensively evaluated the mechanical properties, anti-aging and anti-erosion performance of loess after PVA solution spraying. Scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal the mechanism of PVA action at the microscopic level. The results showed that after treatment with PVA solutions of varying concentrations, the mechanical properties of loess samples were significantly enhanced, while also exhibiting excellent anti-aging and water resistance performance. Additionally, PVA-treated loess fill slopes exhibited excellent rain erosion resistance. A microscopic structural analysis showed that PVA fills the internal pores of loess, strengthens inter-particle bonding, and uses its hydrophobic groups’ water-repellent action to effectively enhance slope stability and erosion resistance. In conclusion, PVA treatment not only significantly enhances the protective effects of loess fill slopes but also holds important value in improving soil sustainability and environmental protection.

Effects of Different Land Uses and Slope on Runoff and Soil Loss on the Loess Plateau of China

ABSTRACTThe Loess Plateau has one of the most serious areas of soil erosion in China; therefore, studying the effect of soil and water conservation measures on the erosion of loess soil slopes is important for land management and agricultural development. This study is based on 5 years of field runoff observations and rainfall data from 2015 to 2019. Correlation and regression analyses were used to study the runoff and sediment production of loess soil and its relationship with rainfall, slope and land use. The results show that > 80% of the erosive rainfall occurs mainly in July to August in the area. Runoff and soil loss from the plots differed substantially, depending on land use, soil conservation measures and slope degree. Bare plots experienced the highest soil loss rate of over 27 t/ha with higher runoff depth, followed by cultivated plots (4.55 t/ha), grass plots (0.43 t/ha), shrub plots (0.35 t/ha) and forest plots (0.13 t/ha). Among the four soil and water conservation measures, the runoff and sediment reduction benefits of forest and shrub plots were the highest. The runoff reduction benefit fluctuated at approximately 0.8, and the benefit of sediment reduction was ≈1. The overall performance was forest > shrubland > grassland > cultivated land > bare land, and the benefits of sediment reduction were greater than those of runoff reduction. Forests had the highest soil retention capacity on slopes from 5° to 25°, and forests on gentle slopes had the best water storage capacity. Shrub plots had the best water storage capacity when they were on steep slopes. Rainfall erosion forces were significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.01) with runoff depth and soil loss, making it the most significant rainfall indicator of sediment production. Under the same rainfall conditions, soil and water conservation measures are still required on bare slopes, land use is the main control factor for slope sediment production, and appropriate land use can greatly reduce the threat of slopes in terms of soil erosion. This study shows that soil and water conservation measures are imperative to prevent runoff and soil loss, especially for bare land without any measures; on steep slopes, a vegetation combination primarily featuring shrubs is expected to achieve greater benefits in reducing runoff and sediment. This study can provide a scientific basis for the management of vegetation measures and the implementation of soil and water conservation measures on loess soil slopes.

Laboratory Model Tests on the Deformation and Failure of Terraced Loess Slopes Induced by Extreme Rainfall

Heavy rainfall is the main factor inducing the failure of loess slopes. However, the failure mechanism and mode of terraced loess slopes under heavy rainfall have not been well investigated and understood. This paper presents the experimental study on the deformation and failure of terraced loess slopes with different gradients under extreme rainfall conditions. The deformation and failure processes of the slope and the migration of the wetting front within the slope during rainfall were captured by the digital cameras installed on the top and side of the test box. In addition, the mechanical and hydrological responses of the slope, including earth pressure, water content, pore water pressure, and matric suction, were monitored and analyzed under rainfall infiltration and erosion. The experimental study shows that the deformation and failure of terraced loess slopes under heavy rainfall conditions exhibit the characteristic of progressive erosion damage. In general, the steeper the slope, the more severe the deformation and failure, and the shorter the time required for erosion failure. The data obtained from sensors embedded in the slope can reflect the mechanical and hydraulic characteristics of the slope in response to rainfall. The earth pressure and pore water pressure in the slope exhibit a fluctuating pattern with continued rainfall. The failure mode of terraced loess slopes under extreme rainfall can be summarized into five stages: erosion of slope surface and formation of small gullies and cracks, expansion of gullies and cracks along the slope surface, widening and deepening of gullies, local collapse and flow-slip of the slope, and large-scale collapse of the slope. The findings can provide preliminary data references for researchers to better understand the failure characteristics of terraced loess slopes under extreme rainfall and to further validate the results of numerical simulations and analytical solutions.

Effect of crack depth on the initiation and propagation of crack-induced sliding in a paleosol area on a loess slope: Three-dimensional investigation based on model testing and laser scanning

On the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), crack-induced sliding in paleosols triggers retrogressive slope collapse, compromising the long-term stability of loess slopes. Establishing a quantitative relationship between crack depth and slide size is key to elucidating the progressive evolution of crack-induced sliding in paleosols; however, research on this topic is scarce. In this study, a model test was conducted on a paleosol slope subjected to five drying–rainfall cycles. Three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning technology was employed to accurately quantify the variations in crack depth and slide size, and water content sensors were embedded to monitor the preferential flow changes induced by these cracks. Results reveal that crack depth plays a pivotal role in initiating and controlling the propagation of crack-induced sliding in paleosols by influencing the preferential flow capacity through cracks. In the slide initiation stage, a critical crack depth capable of triggering sliding by inducing a sufficiently significant preferential flow and large saturation zones was identified. The depth at which sliding occurs can be expressed as a variable dependent on crack depth based on the single triggering effect of cracking on sliding. Once a crack-induced slide is initiated, the combined action of prior sliding events and current crack propagation accelerates the subsequent sliding in terms of increased size and varying spatial locations by influencing the preferential flow capacity and sliding force values. A comprehensive empirical formula was established to characterize the depth of crack-induced slides, considering the dominant influence of crack depth and slope gradient on sliding development at this stage of slide evolution. Our findings emphasize the pivotal role of crack depth in triggering progressive crack-induced sliding in paleosols, thereby providing valuable insights for soil conservation in paleosol areas on loess slopes on the CLP.

Prediction method of loess landslides based on faster R-CNN and WACM

Due to the complexity of the environment and geological conditions in which the loess slope is located, there are many challenges in the accuracy and prediction of loess landslide detection. Therefore, this study introduces a fast convolutional neural network model to solve the problems of traditional detection methods in terms of technology, cost, and detection accuracy, and to achieve real-time detection of the morphology of loess landslides. A weight absorption coupling model is constructed to address the uniform moisture content in loess with hidden dangers. Combined with instability probability, the probability of shallow loess landslides is predicted. The results showed that the mAP value of the Faster R-CNN algorithm using the ResNet125 network exceeded 90%, which was 46.23% and 32.01% higher than the algorithm models using ResNet50 and VGG16, respectively. The proposed model performed fractal analysis on four different loess particle samples, with correlation coefficients R2 above 0.9. The difference between the predicted and actual moisture content of upper and surface loess was within 11%. Compared with existing methods, the research and construction of a loess landslide detection and probability prediction model has greatly improved reliability and accuracy, which is of great significance for predicting the probability of different loess landslides.

Influence of physical properties and shear rate on static liquefaction of saturated loess

Flow sliding instability of saturated loess slopes is a common geological hazard in loess areas of China. Previous studies have found that the occurrence of flow-slip loess landslides is closely related to static liquefaction and is controlled by physical characteristics and load conditions. In this work, we comprehensively study these influences of physical properties (i.e. initial pore structure, gradation, dry density) and shear rate on the static liquefaction of saturated loess through a series of consolidated undrained triaxial tests, and the effect mechanism of these related factors on the static liquefaction of saturated loess are also discussed. The results present that: (1) The peak deviator stress and the maximum pore pressure of the undisturbed loess are much greater than these of the remodeled one under each level of confining pressure (except 450 kPa). Further, the calculated liquefaction potential index (LPI) of undisturbed loess is much greater, indicating that undisturbed loess is more prone to static liquefaction due to the initial pore structure. (2) The lower the relative clay/silt content ratio of the saturated remodeled loess, the stronger the potential liquefaction ability. With the increase of the relative content of clay from 0.125 to 0.698, the stress-strain curve gradually transitions from strain softening to hardening. (3) The remodeled loess show the steady-state strength tends to continuously increase with the increase of dry density from 1.38 g/cm3 to 1.56 g/cm3, while the LPI increases first and then decreases, and the largest value appears when the dry density reaches to 1.44 g/cm3. The reason is that the value of 1.44 g/cm3 is the normal consolidated condition, which essentially reflects the potential liquefaction change during the transformation from under consolidated to over consolidated state.(4) The effect of shear rate on the stress-strain curve of remolded loess is not significant, but the peak strength and ultimate pore pressure show a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of shear rate. There exists a “critical shear rate “of 0.1 mm/min reflecting the liquefaction of loess is more likely to occur when reaches to this critical value. (5) Based on the comparison of static liquefaction tests, the influencing factors of static liquefaction of saturated loess are: initial pore structure> gradation > dry density > shear rate. This study can provide a systematic evaluation for understanding the influencing factors of static liquefaction capacity of saturated loess (especially remolded one), and also has a reference for explaining the loess flow-sliding failure mechanism under disturbance conditions.

Shear strength parameters identification of loess interface based on borehole micro static cone penetration system

BackgroundLoess is prone to large deformation and flow slide due to natural and artificial interfaces inside. The strength of these interfaces controls the mechanical properties of loess. Obtaining their mechanical parameters through in-situ testing is essential for evaluating the mechanical stability in loess engineering with interfaces.MethodsBy developing a borehole micro static cone penetration system and creating various types of loess with interfaces, extensive borehole penetration model tests were conducted to observe changes in cone tip resistance during penetration. The response surface method was used to analyze the impact of various test conditions on the calculated resistance. A three-dimensional surface fitting method was employed to establish the relationship between penetration parameters and shear strength parameters, which was validated through in-situ testing.ResultsThe developed borehole micro static cone penetration system achieves overall miniaturization while providing significant penetration power and ensuring an effective penetration distance. Cone tip resistance development during penetration can be divided into three stages: initial, rapid increase, and slow increase. The transition times between these stages vary for different soils. Calculated resistance is positively correlated with dry density and normal stress and negatively correlated with water content. A quadratic positive correlation was established between calculated resistance and shear strength parameters during penetration. In composite soils, the interaction between water content and normal stress is strong. Compared to intact soil samples, the shear strength parameters of composite soils are more prominently influenced by water content.ConclusionA system for testing interface mechanical parameters was innovatively developed, fulfilling the need to obtain interface shear strength parameters for deep soil. This study can provide support for ensuring the long-term stability of the loess slope or subgrade with interfaces.

Microtopographic response of tilled loess slopes during stages of water erosion development

The tilled slopes in the loess region are characterized by artificial management practices that result in variations in microtopography, which serve as both the site of water erosion and a significant factor contributing to further slope erosion development. However, the response of microtopography during the process of erosion development on tilled loess slopes is unclear. In this study, artificial rainfall simulations were conducted to simulate the development of water erosion (splash erosion (SpE), sheet erosion (ShE), and rill erosion (RE)) under three slope gradients (5°, 10°, and 20°) and three tillage practices (artificial backhoe (AB), artificial digging (AD), and contour tillage (CT)) at a rainfall intensity of 60 mm h−1. The spatial correlation and heterogeneity of the microtopography were analysed using semivariogram functions and fractal dimensions. The response characteristics of microtopography during the water erosion development process on tilled loess slopes were analysed from three perspectives: microtopography factors, erosion equilibrium areas, and slope strips M-ΔDEM. The results indicated that the microtopography process data exhibited moderate to high spatial autocorrelation. There is a positive correlation between microtopographic factors and the slope gradient. Tilled slopes exhibit erosion equilibrium effects during the processes of splash erosion, sheet erosion, and rill erosion. These equilibrium effects are located in the longitudinal ranges of 700 to 1200 mm, 700 to 1300 mm, and 800 to 1100 mm, respectively. Soil erosion and deposition primarily occur in the middle and lower parts of the slope, with 70 % of the slope’s elevation changing within 10 mm, while the remaining changes can reach 25 mm. Among the three tillage practices, AB is the most susceptible to slope influences, which can lead to soil loss, and an optimal slope gradient exists for implementing AB measures. In the case of CT at a slope of 20°, ridge breaking is more likely to occur, but considering the combined effects of soil loss suppression and the difficulty in forming rills, it is recommended to prioritize CT as the preferred tillage practice among the three practices. This study can provide a theoretical foundation for understanding the mechanisms through which microtopography influences water erosion. Additionally, it can serve as a theoretical basis for calibrating parameters in soil erosion models for sloping cultivated lands.

Study on The Influence of Freezing and Thawing Cycle and Dry and Wet Alternation on Mechanical Properties and Engineering Application of Loess Slope

Study on The Influence of Freezing and Thawing Cycle and Dry and Wet Alternation on Mechanical Properties and Engineering Application of Loess Slope

Effects of the Rainfall-Triggered Lisse Effect on the Stability of Loess Slopes

Effects of the Rainfall-Triggered Lisse Effect on the Stability of Loess Slopes

Recognition of cross-regional loess water content based on machine vision: Case study of three regions

Robot technology equipped with vision system is expected to facilitate deep, in-hole, in-situ nondestructive recognition of water content in loess slopes. This advancement could considerably aid in the study of thespatial and temporal evolution of loess water content. However, a robust image recognition method capable of accurately recognizing the water content in loess across different regions is essential for the widespread adoption of this technology. Thus, we collected loess samples from the western (Lanzhou), central (Lantian), and eastern (Yan’an) parts of the Chinese Loess Plateau as a case study to explore the feasibility of a cross-regional intelligent recognition method for loess water content. Initially,we simulated the environmental conditions encountered during in-hole recognition to design an image collection platform, and subsequently prepared a loess water content dataset comprising 32,940 images from these three regions. Based on domain adaptation, we proposed a deep learning recognition method, namely, self-attention-based domain adaptation with Deep EXpectation (DA-DEX Swin). The proposed method demonstrates reasonable accuracy in estimating the water content of loess across regions, with a mean absolute error of 0.807%–1.137%, mean absolute percentage error of 0.074–0.154, and root mean square error of 0.939%–1.546%. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for addressing cross-regional issues, and DA-DEX Swin shows promise for application in robot detection technology to monitor variations and distributions of water content within slopes.

Efficient optimization parameter calibration method-based DEM simulation for compacted loess slope under dry–wet cycling

Dry–wet cycles can cause significant deterioration of compacted loess and thus affect the safety of fill slopes. The discrete element method (DEM) can take into account the non-homogeneous, discontinuous, and anisotropic nature of the geotechnical medium, which is more capable of reflecting the mechanism and process of instability in slope stability analysis. Therefore, this paper proposes to use the DEM to analyze the stability of compacted loess slopes under dry–wet cycles. Firstly, to solve the complex calibration problem between macro and mesoscopic parameters in DEM models, an efficient parameter optimization method was proposed by introducing the chaotic particle swarm optimization with sigmoid-based acceleration coefficients algorithm (CPSOS). Secondly, during the parameter calibration, a new indicator, the bonding ratio (BR), was proposed to characterize the development of pores and cracks in compacted loess during dry–wet cycles, to reflect the impact of dry–wet action on the degradation of bonding between loess aggregates. Finally, according to the results of parameter calibration, the stability analysis model of compacted loess slope under dry–wet cycling was established. The results show that the proposed optimization calibration method can accurately reflect the trend of the stress–strain curve and strength of the actual test results under dry–wet cycles, and the BR also reflects the degradation effect of dry–wet cycles on compacted loess. The slope stability analysis shows that the DEM reflects the negative effect of dry–wet cycles on the safety factor of compacted loess slopes, as well as the trend of gradual stabilization with dry–wet cycles. The comparison with the finite element analysis results verified the accuracy of the discrete element slope stability analysis.

Study on Stability Analysis Method of Loess Slope Based on Catastrophe Theory – A Case Study of Loess Slope in Yili, Xinjiang

Based on the mutation theory, the paper studies the stability of loess slope, and discusses the loess slope in Yili region in Xinjiang. From the perspective of mechanics, the paper focuses on the influence of mutation phenomenon on the stability of loess slope, and deeply analyzes the mechanical mechanism in the mutation process. As an effective tool to study the phenomenon of discontinuous change, mutation theory has important applications in the stability analysis of loess slopes. By applying the mutation theory, the mutation characteristics of the loess slope in the Xinjiang Yili area were analyzed. In terms of mechanical mechanism, the stress distribution, deformation characteristics and the instability mode are discussed in detail. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, it is found that when the slope stress reaches a certain critical value, mutation will occur, leading in a sharp decline of slope stability. Specific data show that in a typical loess slope in Yili area, when the stress reaches about 0.6 MPa, the slope changes, and the displacement instantly increases to more than twice the original, indicating that the slope has been in a state of instability. In the case study of loess slope in Yili, Xinjiang, the slope stability is comprehensively evaluated by combining field investigation to monitoring data and indoor test. By identifying and analyzing the mutation characteristics of the slope, it is found that there are widespread subsidence and disintegration problems in this area, which play a key role in the mutation process. The specific data show that the subsidence coefficient of the loess slope in Yili area is generally above 0.05, and the disintegration rate is more than 0.5% per hour. These factors jointly aggravate the mutation risk of the slope. Based on the above data analysis, the paper puts forward targeted disaster prevention and mitigation measures, including strengthening slope drainage, using appropriate reinforcement technology, etc. These measures aim to reduce the risk of mutation and improve the stability of the loess slope.

Extension mechanism and failure mode investigation on a fissured loess slope induced by loading

Extension mechanism and failure mode investigation on a fissured loess slope induced by loading

The structural evolution of undisturbed loess due to water infiltration

Loess structure is the physical key factor that determines its stability and consists of macro-pores, loose texture, and water sensitivity. The structural change characteristics and effects of the undisturbed loess before and after water infiltration are studied using mechanical CT and simulation tests in order to study the structural change process within the undisturbed loess caused by water infiltration. The change in particle state is as follows: the peak frequency point of the equivalent diameter of the loess particles after infiltration ranged from 16.75 to 23.76 μm, and the eroded fine particles consisted primarily of fine particles. The smaller loess particles are removed by water infiltration resulting in coarsening of soil particles. The sphericity of the loess particles gradually changes from spherical pores to angular and dendritic pores. The particle inclination angle transitions to a range greater than 70°, and its proportion is approximately 61%. The change in pore structure is as follows: The loess porosity after infiltration increased by approximately 20%, and the increase in the pore area ratio of the mesopores and the macropores was higher than that of the micropores. Additionally, the small pores increased by more than 5 times the original state of the undisturbed loess. The connected pores expanded less than 60% of the initial state to more than 90% after infiltration, thus, increasing the dominant seepage channel of the undisturbed loess. These changes in particle and porosity further increase the water filtration intensity and promote the migration of fine particles (mainly silt particles), linking loess catastrophes and are the leading cause of loess settlement and slope instability. The process of water infiltration into the loess, the mechanism of loess collapsibility, and the influence of salinity on the loess structure and strength are discussed in this study.

The general patterns of water flow in loess slope system and implications for slope geological security

Loess regions face significant challenges in quantifying hydrological processes and assessing geological environmental risks due to the prevalent development of preferential pathways and the limitations of existing monitoring technologies. To advance this knowledge, this study presents an improved electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) device, specifically designed for loess moisture observations. By refining the testing principle, power supply mode, and data collection method within the existing ERT framework, the new device offers unmanned operation, automatic data acquisition, remote transmission, and cost efficiency. It effectively tracks water movement and groundwater level fluctuations across various hydrological conditions, supporting long-term online monitoring of hydrological processes of loess slopes. Through the analysis of monitoring data and classification of 12 observed preferential flow types, water movement in loess systems can be generalized into four general patterns: uniform infiltration, preferential infiltration, inflowing diffusion, and lateral flow. This generalized scheme provides a simplified modeling approach for other researchers to quantify slope hydrodynamics and to assess geological safety risks involving preferential flow. Based on these insights and field investigations, a conceptual framework is proposed to elucidate the seepage-structure synergistic initiating mechanism of loess landslides. This framework suggests that water entry and movement patterns within the slope depend on the slope geological structure related to preferential pathways and the prevailing hydrological scenarios. Landslide occurs as the result of the progressive failure and reciprocal evolution between the slope hydrological environments and geological structure, which may also pose potential eco-hydrological risks. The outcome advances the development of slope hydrological monitoring technology and enhances the understanding of water movement laws and the associated geological environmental risks in loess slope systems, which is of vital importance to the early warning methods of loess landslides that account for preferential flow and for theoretical modeling of preferential flow in related disciplines.

Stability Evaluation Method of High Fill Loess Foundation Based on Numerical Simulation

In order to understand the stability evaluation method of high fill loess foundation, the author proposes a study on the stability evaluation method of high fill loess foundation based on numerical simulation. The author first established a three-dimensional finite element model of a multi-level high fill slope using PLAXIS 3D software based on a loess high fill slope engineering project in a certain section of northwest China. The study investigated the effects of changes in fill materials, fill boundaries, slopes, and unloading platforms on slope stability. Secondly, based on the vertical and horizontal displacement of the top and foot of each level of slope under step-by-step filling, the distribution pattern of the most dangerous points of each level of slope and the overall deformation trend of the slope were analyzed. The results indicate that the cohesion and internal friction angle of the filling material are key factors affecting the stability of high fill slopes. Reducing the height of the steps at the boundary between the filling and the undisturbed soil, deepening the width of the steps, reducing the slope, and widening the unloading platform can all improve the stability of the slope. During the construction of lower slopes, there is a significant vertical displacement mutation, while the horizontal displacement mutation is relatively slow; After the construction is completed, the deformation situation is good, and the vertical and horizontal displacement of the higher slope during construction changes greatly, with uneven distribution; After the completion of construction, the consolidation settlement period is long and the deformation is large; Emphasis should be placed on strengthening deformation monitoring at high altitudes after construction is completed. Finally, the platform width can be selected within this range based on the actual engineering situation. After the platform width is greater than 3.6m, as sufficient platform width has been reached at this point, further increasing the platform width has little impact on the safety factor, and the curve gradually flattens out. The research results have determined the stability influencing factors, deformation trends, and development laws of loess high fill slopes in the northwest region, providing a scientific basis for further research on deformation control of loess high fill slopes.