Locus Of Control Research Articles

KUALITAS PROSES AUDIT: TASK COMPLEXITY DAN LOCUS OF CONTROL DENGAN TABK SEBAGAI MODERASI

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven significant transformations in audit practices, particularly through the shift towards remote auditing. The focus of this research is to examine the influence of Task Complexity and Locus of Control on Audit Process Quality with Computer-Assisted Audit Techniques (CAAT) as a moderating variable. This study employs a quantitative research method with primary data collection through questionnaires and Likert scales. The research sample consists of 100 auditors working in Public Accounting Firms in DKI Jakarta, selected using purposive sampling method. Data analysis is conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through the SmartPLS 4.0 program with a significance level of 0.05. Findings indicate that Task Complexity has a significant negative impact on Audit Process Quality, while Internal Locus of Control has a significant positive influence. Conversely, External Locus of Control does not significantly affect Audit Process Quality. CAAT as a moderating variable weakens the relationship between Task Complexity and Audit Process Quality. However, CAAT does not strengthen the relationship between Internal Locus of Control and Audit Process Quality, and it does not influence the relationship between External Locus of Control and Audit Process Quality. The implications of this research lie in a more comprehensive understanding of components influencing audit process quality, contributing to the enhancement of audit practices in the digital era.

Oral health in young adults with a mild intellectual disability and multiple problems

More than 1.1 million people in the Netherlands have a mild intellectual disability (MID). They are relatively more likely to have poor oral health. The aim of this study was to investigate the oral health of MID young adults with multiple problems (such as addiction). A questionnaire was administered orally to 76 inpatient clients of the Salvation Army in Amsterdam and intraoral examinations were also performed. The research group consisted of young adults with MID and additional multi-problems. The collected data was compared with a reference group (Dutch young adults with a low socio-economic status). The results suggest that oral hygiene is poor in this population, and that a more internal locus of control is associated with a higher caries index. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of professional oral care in young adults with MID given poor oral hygiene and treatment delays. A tailor-made approach with more flexibility in treatment is essential to provide young adults with MID the right oral care.

Academic Entitlement among Filipino College Students: Exploring the Influence of Narcissism, Locus of Control, and Family Functioning

Academic entitlement (AE) denotes an expectation of academic success without corresponding effort, reflecting an entitlement mentality prevalent among students. This study focuses on assessing AE prevalence among Filipino undergraduate students in the Cavite region and its association with key predictors: narcissism, internal and external locus of control, and family functioning. The researcher collected data online from 500 undergraduate students using established measurement scales like the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-16, Internal-External Locus of Control Short Scale-4, McMaster Family Assessment Device, and Academic Entitlement Scale. The relationships among these variables were examined by employing path analysis via the SMART PLS computer application. The analyses reveal that narcissism and external locus of control significantly contribute to AE, highlighting the influence of inflated self-perceptions and reliance on external factors in shaping entitlement attitudes. Conversely, internal locus of control and family functioning show no significant association with AE in this context. Beyond academia, the findings suggest broader implications for the educational landscape in the Philippines. Unchecked AE poses risks to educational quality and student progress, demanding proactive measures. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for ongoing exploration of AE within the Philippine context, accompanied by policy recommendations and program interventions to address its impact effectively.

Job Satisfaction and Locus of Control in Mid-Career Professionals in Karachi, Pakistan

The current research was an attempt to explore the association between Job Satisfaction (JS) and Locus of Control (LOC). The gender difference in JS and LOC was also explored. For this study a sample of 421(211 males, 210 females) mid-career employees was drawn from Karachi, Pakistan. It was hypothesized that (1) Internal LOC will be positively correlated with JS. (2) There will be gender difference in JS, and (3) there will be gender difference in LOC. The first hypothesis of the study was proved. Results indicated that there is positive correlation between JS and internal LOC however the gender difference is insignificant in both, JS and LOC in the sample under study (i.e., mid-career employees of Karachi, Pakistan). The findings of current study offer valuable insights into the factors that impact JS, providing practical recommendations for organizations looking to enhance employee engagement and productivity.

Self-Concept Dimension and Locus of Control Dimension on Employee Performance

This research aims to analyze the influence of the self-concept dimension and the locus of control dimension on the performance of Maluku Province Regional Revenue Agency employees. This research uses a descriptive-quantitative approach with a correlational cause-effect type. The population used in this research was all 160 employees of the Maluku Province Bapenda. Determining the sample size uses Issac and Michael's sample table, where if the population is 160 people, then at the 95% confidence level, the sample is 110 people, which is determined using simple random sampling. Data analysis is multiple linear regression. The results of the research conclude that (1) Self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Maluku Province Bapenda employees, (2) Self-esteem has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Maluku Province Bapenda employees, (3) Self-leadership has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Provincial Bapenda employees Maluku, (4) Internal Locus of Control has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Maluku Province Bapenda employees and (5) External Locus of Control has a positive and significant effect on the performance of Maluku Province Bapenda employees.

The chain mediating effect of learning goal distress and excessive learning motivation from unknown locus of control on migrant middle school students' learning anxiety

The prevalence of learning anxiety among Chinese migrant middle school students is a notable concern in academia. There is a wealth of research on the effects of internal and external locus of control on learning anxiety, but there is still a lack of research on unknown locus of control. To grasp the situation of migrant middle school students in terms of learning anxiety, to understand the relationship between migrant middle school students' unknown locus of control and learning anxiety, this study surveyed 351 migrant middle school students, using Mental Health Test, Multidimensional Measure of Children's Perceptions of Control, Middle School Students Learning Motivation Scale to do the questionnaire survey. The data analysis conducted through SPSS software revealed the following findings: (1) There is a positive prediction of learning anxiety from an unknown locus of control (β = 0.139, p < 0.05). (2) Unknown locus of control indirectly influences learning anxiety through both learning goal distress and excessive learning motivation. Learning goal distress and excessive learning motivation partially mediate the relationship between unknown locus of control and learning anxiety. The total magnitude of the indirect effects is 0.15 (p<0.05). The effect is significant, but the size of the effect is small and the issue of generalizability should be considered. The research findings suggest that the unknown locus of control indirectly affects learning anxiety through difficulties with learning goals and excessive learning motivation. It is suggested that increasing opportunities for students to make independent choices and to develop their sense of self-control in daily lessons; guiding students to set appropriate learning goals, avoiding too high or too low, emphasizing refinement of goals and the combination of long-term and short-term goals.

ОСОБИСТІСНІ ДЕСКРИПТОРИ ЗРІЛОСТІ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ

The purpose of the article is to theoretically and empirically study the personal descriptors of students' civic identity maturity. Methods. The study used psychodiagnostic methods for determining personality characteristics (the Big Five by R. McKrae and P. Costa, the locus of control test by J. Rotter, the stress level test by V. Shcherbatykh), as well as the methodology for diagnosing the level of maturity of civic identity by I. Petrovska. The methods of statistical data processing were correlation, comparative and cluster analysis. The sample of the researchers consisted of students of humanitarian specialties of 1-5 courses of universities in Lviv. Results. The correlation analysis showed that the largest number of correlations is formed by such indicators of civic identity as general maturity and resilience. Indicators of civic identity maturity are directly related to personal characteristics: conscientiousness, neuroticism, stress level (direct relationship), external locus of control, extraversion (inverse relationship). The resilience of civic identity is related to the level of stress and the localization of control. Cluster analysis showed that civic identity resilience was a parameter for dividing respondents into two subgroups. Individuals with a low level of civic identity resilience are characterized by low levels of extraversion, high levels of conscientiousness, neuroticism, and stress, as well as internalization of the locus of control. Individuals with a high level of civic identity resilience are characterized by a high level of extraversion, low levels of conscientiousness, neuroticism and stress, as well as a high level of locus of control externalization. Conclusions. The maturity of civic identity is related to such personal parameters as introversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, high stress level, and internal locus of control. An inverse relationship between resilience and maturity of civic identity was found, which means that the characteristic feature of the latter is not rigidity but flexibility. Individuals with a high level of civic identity resilience are characterized by a high level of extraversion, low levels of conscientiousness, neuroticism and stress, as well as a high level of external locus of control.

Freshmen mental health diagnostics in higher education institutions under martial law

Purpose. Empirical study of mental health of first-year students of higher education institutions under martial law conditions. Methods. The research program was developed to achieve the goal, which included four diagnostic methods: the questionnaire ‘Self-assessment of states of anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness and rigidity” (adapted version of H. Eysenck method), the “Resistance to stress” test, “Questionnaire for measuring the locus of health control” (K. Wallston, B.S. Wallston, &amp; R. Devellis) (adaptation by L. Karamushka, K. Tereshchenko, O. Kredentser), “Positive mental health scale (pmh-scale)” (J. Lukat, J. Margraf, R. Lutz, W.M. Van Der Veld, &amp; E.S. Becker) (adaptation by L. Karamushka, O. Kredentser, K. Tereshchenko). Results. According to the study results, it was found that the majority of young people of early adolescence take an ambivalent position in choosing a strategy for assessing their own emotional states and follow the same tactics in choosing options for supporting and preserving mental health under the martial law conditions. They are rigid in the options for its change, since such actions are tested for effectiveness, and therefore have practical value. Such a behavioral strategy helps to keep the degree of anxiety, stress resistance and aggression at average levels, to maintain an internal emotional balance and to feel healthy and happy. Another part of respondents who participate in our empirical study gravitate towards extreme options for controlling their own physical condition. Young people with external locus of control rely more on the help of external circumstances, which will be useful for the return of internal harmony. Students with internal locus of control rely solely on themselves when choosing an option for maintaining mental health. It is difficult to determine which of these positions is more rational, it is important that it is as effective as possible in maintaining mental health. That actualizes the study of the outlined problems. Conclusions. The conducted theoretical and empirical research confirms the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic program for mental health of first-year students of higher education institutions under the martial law conditions. We see the prospect of further study in the development of empirical research programs of other components of mental health and involvement of persons of various ages into the research.

Locus of control: Perceptual study of hotel management students at Nepal Academy of Tourism and Hotel Management (NATHM)

The study investigated the locus of control in hotel management student of Nepal Academy of Tourism and Hotel Management (NATHM). The study has selected a sample size of hundred individuals to investigate personality traits based on locus of control. Among the hundred students an even number of fifty male and fifty female currently studying at NATHM located in Kathmandu, Nepal has been considered for investigation. The study revealed that most of the students have internal and external locus of control meaning that they believe both internal and external factors as described by Rotters and other studies.

Perceptual variables and intentions to start-up: a stochastic frontier analysis

PurposeThe objective of this paper is to advance research concerning the factors affecting the intentions to start-up. In this vein, scholars are more and more interested in perceptual variables, i.e. subjective perceptions that may affect individuals’ intentions to start-up. These can have an internal locus of control (PVIs), if they depend on personal cognitive styles, or an external locus of control (PVEs), if they depend on how individuals perceive environmental stimuli. Usually, scholars investigate them at a micro-level of analysis, by focusing on individuals in a country. Instead, this paper adopts a macro-level analysis. Thus, the research question at the basis of this paper is: whether the impact of perceptual variables (with an internal or external locus of control) on the intentions to start-up varies across countries.Design/methodology/approachStochastic frontier analyses – SFAs are carried out since they allow disentangling technical and random inefficiencies and comparing statistical results. SFAs are based on data retrieved from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor – GEM website and refer to PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain) and BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) countries where entrepreneurship is a vibrant phenomenon, but cultural and economic differences are manifest.FindingsConcerning the drivers of entrepreneurship, achieved results reveal that some differences exist across PIGS and BRICs countries, but they cannot be generalized so easily.Originality/valueThis paper reveals its originality in reference to the classification of the variables, the macro-level of analysis, and the results that – at the same time – are in line with previous ones, but also offer new insights about perceptual variables in entrepreneurship and – at a wider extent – about the drivers of entrepreneurship.

Problematic Gambling Behavior in a Sample of Gamblers: The Role of Alexithymia, Dissociation Features, and External Locus of Control.

Gambling disorder is a severe condition that significantly compromises the lives of those affected. In light of this clinical relevance, the literature on the antecedents of this form of addiction is constant and continually evolving. Consistently with this framework, the present research aimed at investigating the role of some risk factors in gambling disorder, with a specific focus on alexithymia, dissociation, and locus of control. The research involved a sample of 290 participants (183 males and 107 females; Mage = 34.43, SD = 14.65) who practice gambling at least occasionally. They completed an online survey including the South Oaks Gambling Screen, Twenty-Items Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Dissociative Experience Scale-II, and Locus of Control of Behavior. ANOVA and a moderated-mediation model were implemented to analyse the collected data. Results showed that 19.0% of the participants were At Risk and Problem Gamblers, while 27.6% fell into the category of Problematic Gamblers. Problematic Gamblers showed significantly higher levels of alexithymia, dissociation, and external locus of control. Moreover, a significant association between alexithymia and the severity of problematic gambling behaviour was found and was significantly mediated by absorption (a dissociation feature). Furthermore, the external locus of control significantly moderated this indirect effect. The role of gender as a covariate was also investigated. Such findings may offer further insights into the field of clinical research on gambling disorder and may provide useful information for effective clinical practice.

Bodily Autonomy and Trauma: Understanding the Nature of the Association Between Sexual Trauma, an External Locus of Control, and Depressive Symptoms.

There is growing evidence suggesting an increased perception of control is associated with reduced psychological distress among survivors of sexual trauma. The current study advances the extant literature by investigating the association between depressive symptoms, sexual trauma, and an external locus of control or the perception life events are outside one's own control. To do so, we analyze data from the New Family Structures Study, a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults ages 18-39. Results from ordinary least square regression analyses suggest sexual trauma and an external locus of control are associated with significantly greater depressive symptoms and that external control exacerbates the association between sexual trauma and depression. Such findings suggest future research should investigate environmental control for sexual trauma survivors in areas such as prenatal care and the justice system.

Вплив занять боксом на психоемоційний стан підлітків в умовах воєнного стану

Purpose: to determine the impact of boxing on the psycho-emotional state of adolescents under martial law. Material and Methods. analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature; questionnaire to identify the motivation of adolescents to boxing and their psycho-emotional state, social and psychological adaptability during the war; methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 16 young men with no training experience, the average age was 15,8±0,7 years. The participants of the study were engaged in boxing for a year in sports clubs. Classes were held 5 times a week for 120 minutes. Results: it was found that the main motivations for boxing are socio-moral and socio-emotional satisfaction from practicing this sport. The conducted surveys and questionnaires on the psycho-emotional state and socio-psychological adaptability of adolescents during martial law made it possible to state the fact that young men already have psychological changes. It was found that under the influence of boxing training, the level of anxiety in adolescents decreased, and it was also found that psychoemotional indicators improved. Thus, at the end of the training year only 1 adolescent from the section remained with a very high level of anxiety, which amounted to 6,25 %, the number of adolescents with clearly increased anxiety decreased to 3 people (18,75 %). The number of adolescents who began to have a normal level of anxiety at the end of the study increased significantly. It has been established that under the influence of boxing training there were more positive changes in the formation of mental qualities such as «self-perception» (t=2,31; p&lt;0,05), «internal» (t=2,31; p&lt;0,05) and «external locus of control» (t=2,18; p&lt;0,05), «emotional comfort» (t=2,40; p&lt;0,05) and «discomfort» (t=2,33; p&lt;0,05) and «escape from problem solving» (t=2,42; p&lt;0,05). These results indicate that boxing training sessions had a positive impact on the level of psycho-emotional state of adolescents. Conclusions. It has been established that boxing training has a positive effect on the psycho-emotional state of adolescents, which in turn gives grounds to assert that physical activity is really important for the mental health of adolescents who are most sensitive to the effects of martial law.

The Effects of Nursing Students' Locus of Control, Motivation, and Learning Strategies on Their Academic Performance.

The academic performance of nursing students significantly impacts their ability to deliver quality patient care. This descriptive correlational study investigated the effects of nursing students' locus of control, motivation, and learning strategies on their academic performance in a sample of 515 students. External locus of control was associated with higher scores in extrinsic goal orientation, task value, elaboration, and academic performance. Locus of control, test anxiety, and organization were identified as predictors of academic performance. The study highlights the need for further research on factors affecting academic performance and effective educational interventions.

Student perceptions of supports for managing study in higher education according to internal and external locus of control

ABSTRACT Higher education has seen a significant shift in the last two decades, with contemporary students representing more diverse cohorts who are increasingly balancing study alongside competing life-roles and responsibilities. Given the rise in student attrition and concerns regarding engagement, we saw a visible need to consider how our students could be better supported in managing their study requirements which might improve retention and engagement. We asked students what best helps them to manage their learning and time, and this study reports on responses from 430 students over 8 course offerings between 2019 and 2021. Responses were coded using inductive category development and grouped into internal and external locus of control. The findings reveal 52.6% students demonstrated an interplay of internal and external locus of control factors, while 29.5% identified fully internal and 17.9% indicated fully external LOC. The study highlights that flexible, multi-pronged strategies and institutional supports are fundamental in supporting diverse modern tertiary student populations. The paper concludes with considerations for educators and higher education institutions, drawing on the principles of Universal Design for Learning and pedagogical care that may address many aspects raised by students that are outside their locus of control, which may consequently benefit student retention and engagement.

I Am Not Aiming to Be Too Famous: The Exploration of Social Entrepreneurial Intention

Social entrepreneurship (SE) offers an alternative and innovative solution to address complex social problems. Acknowledging the importance of social entrepreneurship for society, researchers and practitioners have been attracted to this topic in recent decades. However, research on the complexity of personal-level variables on understanding why some individuals engage in SE while others are not is still scarce. To address the issue, this study introduces two determinants of SEI—internal locus of control (ILOC) and need for power—and their interaction, and uses a sample of students in a developing country, Indonesia. Using moderating and simple slope analysis, the results show that students with a high level of ILOC have a higher tendency to establish a social enterprise. However, that relationship is getting stronger only when students’ explicit need for power is at a low level while the implicit need for power has no effect. That is, getting high visibility from society is not necessary to start a social enterprise. We argue that religion might be at the basis of these results and provide suggestions for future research.

Factors conditioning pain control and reduction in post-cesarean section parturients: a cross-sectional study.

Pain experienced by women in the perinatal period constitutes a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. The aim of the study was to assess conditions of pain locus of control and pain reduction in post-cesarean section parturients. A cross-sectional quantitative study with convenience sampling was performed among 175 hospitalized post-cesarean section women in hospitals in Eastern Poland in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement. A self-design questionnaire regarding general information and obstetrics/gynaecology medical interview, The Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) and The Beliefs about Pain Control Questionnaire (BPCQ) were used. The inclusion criteria were as follows (1) age of ⩾18 years old; (2) cesarean section (CS); (3) period from the 13th hour to the end of the 72nd hour after the procedure; and (4) informed consent. The data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics. Internal locus of control (M = 14.02) was provided the highest value by the parturients and followed by chance events (M = 12.61) and doctors' power (M = 12.18). Dominant coping with pain strategies in the post-cesarean parturients were coping self-statements (M = 19.06), praying or hoping (M = 18.86). The parturients assessed their pain coping (M = 3.31) strategies along with pain reduction (M = 3.35) at the moderate level. Higher pain control was correlated with cognitive pain coping strategies (β = 0.305; t = 4.632; p < 0.001), internal pain control β = 0.191; t = 2.894; p = 0.004), cesarean section planning (β = -0.240; t = -3.496; p = 0.001) and past medical history of CS (β = 0.240; t = 3.481; p = 0.001). The skill of reduction of pain was positively associated with cognitive pain coping strategies (β = 0.266; t = 3.665; p < 0.001) and being in subsequent pregnancy (β = 0.147; t = 2.022; p = 0.045). Catastrophizing and hoping were related to lower competences of coping with pain (B = - 0.033, SE = 0.012, β = - 0.206, T = -2.861). The study allowed for identification and better comprehension of factors conditioning pain control and pain reduction in parturients after the cesarean section. Furthermore, a stronger belief that pain can be dealt with is found in the parturients characterized by cognitive pain coping strategies and internal pain locus of control. The skill of reduction of pain is related to cognitive coping strategy and procreation status.

Beyond lazy; external locus of control as an alternative explanation for the privacy paradox

PurposeThe privacy paradox refers to the situation where users of online services continue to disclose personal information even when they are concerned about their privacy. One recent study of Facebook users published in Internet Research concludes that laziness contributes to the privacy paradox. The purpose of this study is to challenge the laziness explanation. To do so, we adopt a cognitive dispositions perspective and examine how a person’s external locus of control influences the privacy paradox, beyond the trait of laziness.Design/methodology/approachA mixed method approach is adopted. We first develop a research model which hypothesises the moderating effects of both laziness and external locus of control on privacy issues. We quantitatively test the research model through a two-phase survey of 463 Facebook users using the Hayes PROCESS macro. We then conduct a qualitative study to verify and develop the findings from the quantitative phase.FindingsThe privacy paradox holds true. The findings confirm the significant influence of external locus of control on the privacy paradox. While our quantitative findings suggest laziness does not affect the association between privacy concerns and self-disclosure, our qualitative data does provide some support for the laziness explanation.Originality/valueOur study extends existing research by showing that a person’s external locus of control provides a stronger explanation for the privacy paradox than the laziness perspective. As such, this study further reveals the boundary conditions on which the privacy paradox exists for some users of social networking sites, but not others. Our study also suggests cognitive dissonance coping strategies, which are largely absent in prior investigations, may influence the privacy paradox.

The Mediating Effect of Optimism and Resourcefulness on the Relationship between Hardiness and Cyber Delinquent Among Adolescent Students

Abstract There is growing interested in the role of psychological resilience in shaping adolescent students’ delinquent behaviours in secondary schools. In this article, using locus of control theory, we examine the role of psychological resilience in terms of hardiness, resourcefulness, and optimism in minimizing the occurrence of cyber delinquent behaviours of secondary school students in Saudi Arabia. We introduce optimism and resourcefulness as protective factors critical for adolescents engaging in cyber delinquent behaviour and conceptualize them as characteristics of individuals with an internal locus of control. This study examines the multiple mediation effects of optimism and resourcefulness in the relationship between hardiness and cyber delinquent behaviours. The structural equation modelling results confirm eight hypotheses and that optimism and resourcefulness mediate the relationship between hardiness and cyber delinquent behaviours. These findings demonstrate the multiple mediation effects of optimism and resourcefulness and the important role of hardiness, resourcefulness, and optimism in predicting cyber delinquent behaviour. We draw implications for theory, secondary schools, and policymakers.

대학생의 내적 통제소재가 학업성취에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study attempted to verify whether self-handicapping and academic procrastination are sequen-tially double-mediated in the relationship between internal locus of control and academic achievement for college students. Methods To this end, an online survey consisting of internal locus of control, self-handicapping, academic pro-crastination, and academic achievement was conducted for university students enrolled in four years nationwide. A total of 320 people's data were collected and used for analysis, and SPSS 27.0, PROCESS Macro Model 4, and Model 6 were used for analysis. Results The results of the study analysis are as follows. First, it was found that self-handicapping plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between internal locus of control and academic achievement. Second, it was found that academic procrastination plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between internal locus of con-trol and academic achievement. Third, it was found that self-handicapping and academic procrastination play a multiple mediating role in the relationship between internal locus of control and academic achievement. In other words, the high internal locus of control material affects the academic procrastination by lowering the self-handicapping. As a result, it has a positive effect on academic achievement. Conclusions This means that in situations where many people have been confused about their studies due to fre-quent changes in teaching methods caused by COVID-19, internal locus of control, self-handicapping, and aca-demic procrastination should be paid attention to dealing with college students' academic achievement. In addi-tion, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed.