Lock Mechanism Research Articles

Application of DFMA in lock band service modification of ATB-I3 building machine

The locking mechanism on the band service, known as the lock band service, is used to move materials to the tire-making machine. A building machine is a device that assembles components into partially finished or green tires. The components are tread, which acts as the tire tread, band/ply, which are fabric sheets coated in rubber, and bead wire. Subsequently, the materials are put together on the drum-mounted construction machine. The ATB-I3 machine has the largest downtime owing to a band service fault, with 840 minutes in January 2024, and is the problem with the highest downtime in section A2. The cause of the excessive downtime in the band service is an issue with the band service lock system, namely the pneumatic movement lock mechanism on the band service component. As a result, adjustments must be made by altering the lock band service's design. After that, a weld joint strength analysis is performed to make sure the modification can be safely put into practice. To obtain the optimal modification design, the DFMA method is employed. With the use of the DFMA approach, the updated design—which had a design efficiency value of 4.23% to 4.31% before—was improved. The welding connection in the updated design is safe to use since, according to the results of the welding connection calculation, the lock band service holder has a maximum welding load of 294,645.08 N whereas the actual welding load is 147,928 N. The reduction in service band downtime was tested with this improvement. Following the implementation of the update in March 2024, the amount of downtime resulting from damage to the band service dropped by 445 minutes, or 52.97%, to 395 minutes

Intelligent Fault Diagnosis in Industrial Machinery: Leveraging AI with LSTM Autoencoder for Enhanced Fault Detection

Machinery Fault Detection (MFD) is an important process in contemporary industrial systems, where it predicts possible physical failures before they lead to a serious problem. This uses multiple technologies to monitor machine statuses (algorithms, data gathering systems and sensors) Using a servo-motor driven actuator for deployment, the Locking Mechanism is pre-assembled into an OEM ATE and will enable predictive failure mode identification (via monitoring and warnings of operational parameters i.e., vibration, temperature or auditory signals in-built to MFD systems) leading to Prophylactic maintenance before critical bottlenecks can occur. The dataset we used in our study was collected from Kaggle and it is called the SpectraQuest Machinery Fault Simulator (MFS) Alignment-Balance-Vibration (ABVT). We used LSTM Autoencoder, KNN, SVM and DNN to analyzed the data. Our LSTM Autoencoder model was very accurate and achieved a precision, recall, accuracy and F-score of 99%. We worked on very large scale datasets. It will help the system detect faults and predict their evolution over time, so you save maintenance costs and increase production in your factory. More research on the practical efficiency of these models in real-time across different industrial settings can create a path towards improved and scalable MFD solutions.

HCVC: A High-Capacity Off-Chain Virtual Channel Scheme Based on Bidirectional Locking Mechanism

HCVC: A High-Capacity Off-Chain Virtual Channel Scheme Based on Bidirectional Locking Mechanism

A Novel Shape Memory Alloy Modular Robot with Spatially Stable Structure

Soft robots exhibit significant flexibility but normally lack stability owing to their inherent low stiffness. Current solutions for achieving variable stiffness or implementing lock mechanisms tend to involve complex structures. Additionally, passive solutions like bistable and multistate mechanisms lack spatial stable characteristics. This study presents a novel shape memory alloy (SMA) modular robot with spatially stable structure, by utilizing gooseneck as the backbone. This is the first time that a concept of spatially stable structure is proposed. When the power is off, the robot can still maintain its current posture in three‐dimensional space and resist external disturbance. The SMA spring and gooseneck are characterized, elucidating the mechanism behind achieving spatial stability. Then, a controller based on the inverse kinematics is designed, and validated by experiments. The results demonstrate the structural stability of the robot. Specifically, it can withstand a maximum external force of 2.5 N (0.0875 Nm) when bent at an angle of 20° without consuming energy. Moreover, with the assistance of the SMA spring, this resistance capacity surpasses 5 N (0.175 Nm).

P-741 Standard IV Cannula Aspiration (SIVCA): A step-by-step video demonstration of the minimally invasive testicular sperm aspiration technique with technical improvements after 4 years of experience

Abstract Study question Is there room for further technical improvements in the Standard IV Cannula Aspiration (SIVCA), for a more efficient testicular issue aspiration and sperm extraction procedure? Summary answer A more efficient SIVCA procedure can be achieved by using a higher flow-rate cannula, less negative pressure aspiration and a Luer Lock syringe. What is known already Standard IV Cannula Aspiration (SIVCA) was introduced in 2022. It showed comparable sperm retrieval rates (SRR) to mTESE (56.2 vs 57.3%; McNemar P = 1.000). But given the novelty of the technique, some technical difficulties were encountered: The 14G cannula frequently kinked during the back and forth motions of aspiration, thus having to be replaced several times during the procedure; and the aspirating syringe often detached from the catheter mid-procedure, due to the absence of a lock mechanism securing it to the flashback chamber of the cannula. Study design, size, duration 224 men were enrolled in this prospective 24 months cohort study conducted at a specialized IVF center. The men had testicular tissue aspiration performed via SIVCA, either for azoospermia or increased seminal sperm DNA fragmentation, in anticipation of their partners’ ovum pick-up for an ICSI cycle. If enough testicular tissue was aspirated, it was examined for sperm. If not more than 0.2 gm of tissue could be aspirated from either testis, the patient underwent mTESE. Participants/materials, setting, methods After general anesthesia, 5cc of Xylocaine (lidocaine HCl) 2% was instilled into each spermatic cord. A standard 14-G 310 ml/min flow-rate IV cannula was introduced into the testis. After withdrawing the needle, a 3cc Luer Lock syringe was secured to the cannula. The plunger was maximally retracted to generate −250 Torr of negative pressure and clamped. Back and forth motions were performed, mapping and aspirating tissues from different regions of each testis at a time. Main results and the role of chance Out of a total of 224 cases, an adequate testicular tissue sample of more than 0.2 gm was successfully aspirated from 218 cases, with a 0.97 probability of success. Mild hematoma and pain were encountered in 5.8% of cases (n = 13/224) and subsided within two to three weeks (Grade I on the Clavien Dindo Scale). In a previous series, 130 cases of SIVCA were performed by fully retracting the plunger of a regular 20cc syringe, generating about −520 Torr of negative pressure, while the syringe was connected - but not secured - to the flashback chamber of a 270ml/min flow-rate cannula. In that series, adequate tissue samples could successfully be aspirated in 122 cases, showing a 0.93 probability of success. By using a higher flow-rate 14G IV cannula (310 ml/min vs 270 ml/min), less negative pressure (−250 Torr vs − 520 Torr) and a Luer Lock syringe; fewer number of cannulas were lost to kinking per procedure and no inconvenient disconnections occurred mid-procedure between the cannula and the aspirating syringe owing to the Luer Lock mechanism; all while maintaining a high success rate of aspiration of sufficient testicular tissue (X2 (1, N = 354) = 2.6156, p = .10582). Limitations, reasons for caution Whenever sclerosis and/or fibrosis of testicular tissue rendered aspiration of adequate amounts of testicular tissue difficult or challenging, we reverted to surgical m-TESE. Ice packs should be applied for at least 48 to 72 hours post-procedure to forestall hematomas. Further blinded randomized control studies with larger datasets are recommended. Wider implications of the findings SIVCA is a safe, efficient and easily reproducible method of testicular sperm aspiration. Its allowance for mapping different regions of the testes in order to extract sufficient amounts of tissues, makes it an ideal initial alternative to surgical m-TESE for testicular tissue aspiration and sperm searching. Trial registration number NCT05247723

3D‐Printed Hollow Microneedles Array with Luer Lock Connection for Facile and Painless Intradermal Injection: A Proof of Concept

AbstractA 3D‐printed array of hollow microneedles (HMNs) is designed and fabricated using a high‐resolution stereolithography 3D printer and assembled with a 3D‐printed reservoir that incorporates a Luer lock mechanism, ensuring standard and secure connection to syringes. The proof‐of‐concept needle designs consist of half‐eccentric and concentric conical tip shapes, each arrayed with two different interspacing values. After the geometrical features of the devices are characterized, the devices are tested ex vivo in porcine skin to evaluate the impact of tip shape and interspacing on the depth of penetration and the efficacy of the devices in delivering fluids (such as tattoo ink) into the dermis. Overall, the 3D‐printed HMNs can deliver fluids into the target layer of skin. Refinement of the design is ongoing with the ultimate aim to provide alternatives for intradermal drug delivery and diagnostic imaging, such as superficial lymphography.

ARDUINO BASED ALCOHOL SENSE ENGINE LOCK USING GPS & GSM

This project introduces an innovative approach to improving road safety by developing an Arduino-based alcohol detection and engine lock system, integrated with GPS and GSM technologies. The main goal is to prevent driving under the influence of alcohol by disabling the vehicle's engine upon alcohol detection. The system employs an MQ-3 alcohol sensor to measure the driver's breath alcohol content. When alcohol is detected, the Arduino microcontroller processes the data from the sensor and activates the engine lock mechanism, thus preventing the vehicle from starting. This functionality is enhanced with GPS technology to provide precise location tracking of the vehicle. In the event of alcohol detection, the system utilizes the GSM module to send alerts to pre-configured contacts, supplying real-time information about the driver's condition and the vehicle's location. By incorporating GPS, the system ensures continuous location monitoring, adding an extra layer of security and enabling swift emergency response. The GSM module allows for immediate communication, dispatching SMS alerts to family members or authorities, thereby increasing the safety of both the driver and the public. This comprehensive solution aims to reduce incidents of drunk driving by leveraging Arduino for sensor interfacing and control, and combining it with GPS and GSM technologies for real-time tracking and communication. The proposed system is cost-effective, easy to implement, and scalable, offering a practical tool for enhancing road safety and saving lives. Key Words: Arduino Alcohol sensor, Engine lock, MQ- 3 sensor, GPS tracking, GSM module etc.

SMART LOCK SYSTEM USING IOT AND SOLANA BLOCKCHAIN

This project explores the integration of Solana blockchain technology with smart locking systems to revolutionize access control and security. Leveraging the decentralized and immutable nature of the Solana blockchain, the intelligent system provides a powerful platform to manage access permissions and monitor lock transactions in real-time. With integrated management and remote control, users can grant or revoke access from any mobile or web application. The scalability and efficiency of the Solana blockchain enable the system to process large volumes of transactions without sacrificing performance, making it suitable for widespread use in the field, workplace, and office. Overall, the integration of the Solana blockchain into smart registration systems represents a significant advance in access control, providing a secure, transparent and user-friendly solution to the problems of the digital age. This project presents the design and implementation of a smart lock system empowered by Solana blockchain technology, aimed at enhancing security, transparency, and efficiency in access control. Leveraging a distributed ledger framework, the system facilitates decentralized access management, allowing users to remotely authorize and monitor door access through a user-friendly mobile/web interface. The integration of Solana blockchain ensures immutability and transparency in access permissions, while also offering scalability and low-latency transaction processing capabilities. Hardware components, including smart lock mechanisms and gateway devices, are seamlessly integrated with software modules such as firmware, gateway software, and blockchain integration layers to enable secure communication and interoperability. Robust security measures, including encryption protocols and cryptographic algorithms, safeguard data integrity and privacy. Through meticulous testing, deployment, and documentation processes, this project delivers a reliable and future-ready smart lock solution poised to redefine access management paradigms in various settings, from residential homes to commercial establishments. Key Words: Solana, Smart locking systems, Security, Blockchain, Immutability

Google Assistant-Enabled Smart Lock System Using NodeMCU ESP8266 for IoT

Security is an important aspect that needs to be considered in a smart lock system. Conventional key tools currently have low security levels and are vulnerable to attacks. Therefore, this research aims to design a smart lock security system that utilizes Google Assistant features from Google and the NodeMCU ESP8266 module based on the Internet of Things (IoT). By using Google Assistant, users can control this smart lock with voice commands. The NodeMCU ESP8266 is used as the main controller in this system, responsible for receiving commands from Google Assistant and controlling the smart lock mechanism. A prototype implementation was conducted to test the performance of this smart lock security system. In the testing phase, the system's performance was measured based on voice command responsiveness, response speed, and the security it provides. The test results show that this smart lock security system offers a higher level of security compared to conventional key tools, with a security satisfaction rate of up to 90% among the 10 respondents related to the use of this device. With this research, it is expected to enhance community security by introducing a safer and more reliable smart lock tool based on virtual assistant. This security system, utilizing Google Assistant features and the NodeMCU ESP8266, can provide ease and convenience for users while maintaining optimal security.

Disengagement of Polyethylene Insert Locking Mechanism in Modular Tibial Components for Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report

Background. Modular tibial components for knee arthroplasty are used in the majority of modern knee replacement systems. Despite a number of limitations, there are many aspects that make these types of implants indispensable for orthopedic surgeons.
 Aim — to demonstrate possible risks associated with a modular polyethylene liner with metal locking clip using a clinical case as an example.
 Case description. We present a case of primary total knee arthroplasty in a 70-year-old female patient. The surgery was performed by an experienced surgical team and resulted in good early radiologic and functional treatment outcome. After discharge, approximately 10 days after surgery, the patient developed knee pain. Control X-rays showed migration of the metal pin locking the polyethylene insert. The patient underwent an emergency revision surgery with replacement of the clip. The authors analyze possible causes of this complication and ways of its prevention.
 Conclusion. Migration of the insert locking element and dislocation of the insert in locked systems are quite rare complications of the knee arthroplasty. Their causes are soft tissue imbalance of the knee joint during arthroplasty and a number of technical errors. The very fact of using modular components of the joint is a predisposing factor for the disassociation of these modules.

Parallel adaptive ensemble of metamodels combined with hypersphere sampling for rare failure events

In practical engineering, especially in aeronautical engineering, the failure probability is extremely rare due to the incorporation of safety factors in the mechanical design phase. Consequently, a significant challenge is to assess the reliability of mechanical products with implicit functions and rare failure events. To address this issue, this work presents a parallel adaptive ensemble of metamodels (EM) coupled with hypersphere sampling strategy to improve the accuracy and efficiency of reliability analysis. The proposed method consists of three main features. First, a new heuristic ensemble strategy is proposed to provide a powerful and robust metamodel. Second, a n-dimensional uniform sampling technique with better space-filling ability is taken to improve efficiency, which leads to a decrease in the extensive sample size required to capture rare failure events. Third, an effective parallel enrichment strategy is developed by the proposed pseudo-improved U learning function. When parallel computation is possible, the proposed method can select a batch of informative updated points simultaneously to update the EM. Three numerical examples and a planar ten-bar structure are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. This method is also applied to the reliability assessment of the aircraft lock mechanism.

Design of Locking Mechanism and Locking Performance Analysis for Folding Wing

Design of Locking Mechanism and Locking Performance Analysis for Folding Wing

Functional degradation reliability analysis for non-uniform wear of multi-rotating joints of mechanical structures

Failure of the aircraft landing gear lock mechanism can result in the inability of the aircraft to take off and land properly, and its failure can cause critical results. The aircraft lock mechanism is characterized by multiple joints. Based on the performance degradation phenomenon of the lock mechanism, a reliability analysis method of the lock mechanism with non-uniform wear of multiple joints is proposed, which takes into account the effect of non-uniform wear of multiple joints on the motion accuracy of the motion mechanism, and investigates the reliability analysis of the degradation of the angle of the lock hook and the calculation of the whole lifetime cycle. Firstly, the lock mechanism lock hook angle degradation eigenvolume model is established according to the functional principle of the lock mechanism. Secondly, the lock hook degradation angle is obtained by establishing the kinetic equations to calculate the non-uniform wear of each joint separately. Finally, the degradation path is fitted by the Wiener process to carry out the reliability analysis and the whole lifetime calculations. The results show that the proposed method is capable of providing maintenance strategies to meet the reliability requirements for the performance degradation of multi-joint kinematic mechanisms of mechanical systems.

Research on Thermal Expansion Characteristics Measurement of Launch Lock Mechanism for SIS Mixer’s Space Application

The High Sensitivity Terahertz Detection Module (HSTDM) is one of the scientific payloads of the Chinese Space Survey Telescope. The core of the HSTDM is the NbN superconducting SIS (Superconductor Insulator Superconductor) mixer, operating around 10 K. The installation structure of the SIS mixer needs to be specially designed to cope with the mechanical vibration during the launch phase and the thermal insulation requirements during the operation phase. Material thermal expansion characteristics investigation based on low-temperature LVDT (Linear Variable Differential Transformer) measurement and scratch marking measurement were carried out to confirm the validity of the thermal expansion lock mechanism design. The two methods are cross verified. The LVDT experimental measurement results show that the shrinkage rate of Teflon changes with temperature and meets the theoretical model. At the same time, we verified the LVDT results with scratch marking method. Consistently, the shrinkage rate of the material is 1.86% at 80 K, so the Teflon front-end lock mechanism of the SIS mixer can achieve effective separation after cooling down.

A hybrid Dynamic Bayesian network method for failure prediction of a lock mechanism

This paper aims to construct a failure prediction method for a lock mechanism system to increase prediction accuracy. The two major failure modes in lock mechanisms are kinematic accuracy failure and clamping stagnation. One failure mode is affected by another failure mode as a result of multiple influencing factors that are dependent on one another. Besides, the characteristic values of failure modes are challenging to acquire in some particular situations, such as when sensors are not placed. To address these issues, this study aims to propose a hybrid Dynamic Gaussian Bayesian network (DGBN) model for the failure prediction of a lock mechanism, in which correlations between each influencing factor and correlations between each failure mode are taken into account simultaneously. The improved DGBN model is integrated with measurement data and system failure analysis. The presented model relies on the information about influence factors that are more easily measured in practice and can account for multiple hidden variables for which measurement data is missing. Furthermore, a failure prediction framework is developed based on the proposed model. Finally, the proposed prediction method is tested by the application of a lock mechanism. A comparison is made between the improved method and the data-driven method. The results show that the proposed method can predict failures relatively accurately, even when partial measurement data are missing. The prediction error narrowed from 10% to less than 4%.

Dual-floor Burr Hole Technique Optimized for Modern Burr Hole Caps with an Internal Electrode Locking Mechanism.

Insertion of a deep brain stimulating electrode is a commonly performed procedure. Burr hole caps play an important role in this procedure by immobilizing this electrode; however, burr hole caps could form scalp bumps, which can create further complications. The dual-floor burr hole technique could prevent the formation of scalp bumps. This technique has previously been used with older versions of burr hole caps and has proved to be successful. In recent years, modern burr hole caps with an internal electrode locking mechanism have become the mainstay for this procedure. However, modern burr hole caps differ considerably in diameter and shape from older burr hole caps. In the present study, a dual-floor burr hole technique was performed using modern burr hole caps. To accommodate the increase in diameters and changes in the shape of modern burr hole caps, a perforator with a 30-mm diameter was used for shaving the bone, and the bone shaving depth was altered. This surgical technique was applied to 23 consecutive deep brain stimulation surgeries without complications and was thus positively optimized for modern burr hole caps.

Isolated Liner Exchange and Bone Grafting for the Management of Periacetabular Osteolysis in Well-Fixed Cups with an Intact Locking Mechanism at Short-Term to Medium-Term Follow-Up: A Systematic Review.

Background: Polyethylene liner exchange and bone grafting is an effective surgical option for the management of periacetabular osteolysis following total hip arthroplasty with well-fixed cups and intact liner locking mechanisms. Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the revision-free survivorship and radiographic lesion progression after polyethylene liner exchange and bone grafting is performed for periacetabular osteolysis. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed. We queried Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for articles published from January 1999 to January 2023 using the following keywords: "osteolysis" AND "well-fixed," "osteolysis" AND "retro-acetabular," "bone graft" AND ("retention" OR "retained" OR "stable") AND "cup," and "uncemented liner" AND "well-fixed." Results: Of 596 articles found, 9 articles were selected for final inclusion (227 cases, mean follow-up time 43.6 months). The overall cup revision rate after liner exchange was 6.6% (15 hips) due to progressive osteolysis (5 hips), aseptic loosening of the acetabular component (5 hips), dislocation (4 hips), and periprosthetic infection (1 hip). There was either radiographic resolution or regression of periacetabular osteolysis in all reported cases that provided measurements (52 hips) except 1 (1.9%) requiring revision. All studies reporting clinical outcomes indicated improved pain and functional scores. Conclusion: This systematic review found that isolated liner exchange with bone grafting for the management of periacetabular osteolysis was associated with a high revision-free survival rate (93.4%) and minimal radiographic progression (1.9%) of osteolytic lesions at short-term to medium-term follow-up. Liner exchange with bone grafting is recommended for the management of large periacetabular osteolytic lesions (> 450 mm2) in well-fixed acetabular cups. We encourage future studies to develop a grading scale for lesions to guide clinical management and risk stratification for patients.

The Effect of Injection Shaped Plastic Lock Mechanism on Mechanical Properties

Dünyada hızla artan plastik kullanımı ile beraber polimerler farklı şekillerde işlenmektedir. Plastik işleme yöntemlerinden en önemlilerinden birisi enjeksiyonla kalıplamadır. Tüm endüstriyel üretimlerde hatalar; malzemeden, üretim şartlarından ve personelden kaynaklı meydana gelmektedir. Enjeksiyonla kalıplama yönteminde ise birleşme izi oluşumu ürün ve kalıp tasarımından kaynaklı olup sık rastlanan hatalardan biridir. Bu hata ürünün kullanım esnasında hasara uğramasına neden olmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada, %30 cam elyaf katkılı Poliamid 6 (PA6) malzemenin bir ürün numunesi üzerinde iki farklı yolluk girişi (YG1-2) ile kalıplanması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Enjeksiyonla kalıplama sonunda numune üzerindeki farklı girişlerden kaynaklı oluşan birleşme izi oluşumu ele alınarak incelenmiştir. Numune ürün plastik kilit mekanizması elemanıdır. Tasarlanan numunenin gerilme analizi yapılarak Moldex3D® simülasyon programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Birleşme izinin malzeme üzerindeki konumu gözlemlenmiş ve birleşme izinin farklı bölgeye kaydırılması ile üretilmiş numunelerin çekme, darbe ve sertlik testleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Birleşme izinin, zorlanmanın minimum olduğu bölgeye kaydırılması ile mekanik özelliklerin pozitif yönde artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Water soluble silicon quantum dot based fluorescence immunoassay probe for C-reactive protein (CRP) detection

Silicon quantum dot (SiQD) based water soluble fluorescence immunoassay probe with aggregation induced emission features (AIE) was developed for the sensitive detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) biomarker. The solid state and solution phase photophysical properties of SiQD attributed from AIE effect was studied successfully. Later the ability of CRP antibody functionalized SiQD against the detection CRP antigen was evaluated systematically. The method relies on the decrease in fluorescence intensity of CRP antibody functionalized SiQD (CRPAb) upon the gradual addition of CRP antigen (CRPAg) via antigen-antibody interaction. The intensity of the antibody functionalized fluorophore quenched linearly by the addition of CRPAg within the concentration range of 50–150 nM and the limit of detection (LOD) was as sensitive as about 0.89 nM. Detection mechanism was assigned further by evaluating the interaction that exists between SiQD-CRPAb and CRPAg, which suggests that the effective complexation through a lock and key mechanism could be the plausible reason behind the fluorescence quenching of SiQD-CRPAb in presence of CRPAg. The solid state fluorescence features of SiQD arises from AIE phenomena which suggest that as a promising alternative to conventional QDs and organic fluorophores, integration of SiQD with lateral flow strips could result in powerful eco-friendly point-of-care device for in vitro diagnosis and the detection of other biomarkers.

Locking Mechanism of Diagnostic Rack in ITER Lower Port #02

The development of the Locking Mechanism (LM) for the Diagnostic Rack, to be placed in the Lower Port of the ITER Vacuum Vessel, has been underway. This paper proposes a new type of LM due to the feasibility issues in positioning repeatability and Remote Handling (RH) compatibility encountered with previous types. Each LM type was compared based on its ability to generate the largest possible reaction force with the smallest preload, which is necessary for the LM to maintain contact with interface structures. We confirmed that the new LM type could generate the greatest reaction force among the three types, with the smallest preload and assumed attributes of superior repeatability and simpler RH operation.