Lockdown Situation Research Articles

Adventure sports, risk, and human-more than human wellbeing: local responses to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic

The impact of, and responses to COVID-19 has dominated discussion in every area of life, and fields of academic activity. In this paper I consider some of the impacts and considerations in relation to activities that have been conceptualised as adventure sports. My intention is not to show how adventure is being done differently, rather to use the exceptional circumstances of lockdown to highlighted the multifaceted, meaningful and affective ‘everyday’ experiences of those who engage in adventure sport as part of their everyday practices. My focus is empirical research conducted in Aotearoa New Zealand during lockdowns (2020-21) focusing on coastal communities and surfing specifically. This ‘journey through lockdown’ illustrates the ways in which coastal spaces are experienced as therapeutic landscapes that can foster physical and emotional health and wellbeing from those on the shore, to full-immersion activities such as surfing, influencing people’s sense of wellbeing, collective identities, and forms of belonging. However, in the same ways that COVID has exacerbated many health inequities, it is important to be attentive to the ways in which the wellbeing benefits of coastal spaces are not available and extended to all. A range of cultural, economic, socio-demographic, and political factors contribute to a dis-connect with, or exclusion from various bluespaces. Diverse subjects and bodies access and experience bluespaces in different and unequal ways, impacting who can use blue spaces, and how it can be used. Lastly, the lockdown situation was also informing in understanding the often-romanticised nature of adventure sport participants relationship with the natural world, and more widely how this translates, or not, to broader responses to our climate emergency.

BERT-Based Hybrid RNN Model for Multi-class Text Classification to Study the Effect of Pre-trained Word Embeddings

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic which started in the year 2020, many nations had imposed lockdown to curb the spread of this virus. People have been sharing their experiences and perspectives on social media on the lockdown situation. This has given rise to increased number of tweets or posts on social media. Multi-class text classification, a method of classifying a text into one of the pre-defined categories, is one of the effective ways to analyze such data that is implemented in this paper. A Covid-19 dataset is used in this work consisting of fifteen pre-defined categories. This paper presents a multi-layered hybrid model, LSTM followed by GRU, to integrate the benefits of both the techniques. The advantages of word embeddings techniques like GloVe and BERT have been implemented and found that, for three epochs, the transfer learning based pre-trained BERT-hybrid model performs one percent better than GloVe-hybrid model but the state-of-the-art, fine-tuned BERT-base model outperforms the BERT-hybrid model by three percent, in terms of validation loss. It is expected that, over a larger number of epochs, the hybrid model might outperform the fine-tuned model.

The global prevalence and its associated factors toward domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 pandemic-"The shadow pandemic": A review of cross-sectional studies.

Globally, domestic violence affects women across their life span. Domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19 is a critical and substantial public health issue. This review article was aimed to determine the prevalence and its associated factors toward domestic violence against women and children during COVID-19. Several studies showed that the prevalence of domestic violence against women and children has been alarmingly enlarged during this COVID-19. Domestic violence is a significant and essential problem that is occurring all over the world for many years now, but this condition has been augmented during the lockdown situation because of this pandemic. Women and children of the worldwide are facing twin health emergencies that are COVID-19 and domestic violence. The pandemic was found as a threat to commit domestic violence against women and children. This is because, even though the measurements taken to avoid COVID-19 spread are supportive strategies and also the only opportunity to do so, reducing the risk of COVID-19 was found to raise the risk of domestic violence against women and children. Factors associated with domestic violence against women and children were; being housewives, age < 30 years, marriage, husband’s age being between 31 and 40 years, physical victimization, and sexual victimization were factors associated with domestic violence. Depression, spending more time in close contact, job losses, financial insecurity, lockdowns, addiction (alcohol or drugs), control of wealth in the family, technology, and quarantine were factors considered as risk factors for domestic violence. This review will serve as a “call to action” to address this crisis effectively by coming together since this crisis is the global aspect. This is a shadow pandemic growing during this COVID-19 crisis and a global collective effort is needed to prevent it. The life of women and children moves from their needs to their rights during this pandemic. It is essential to undertake urgent actions to intervene in it.

Estimation of Prevalence and Comparing the Levels of Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Psychological Impact Before and After COVID-19 Lockdown Among Front Line Health Care Workers.

The main objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence and compare the levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress experienced by the frontline health care workers (HCWs) during the lockdown and post lockdown periods at Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India. All participants involved in the study were evaluated by using depression, anxiety and stress scale 21, the impact of event scale revised scale for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a standardized questionnaire. During the lockdown period, the score for depression was observed mean scores to be more in front desk people (2.70) followed by pharmacists and technicians (2.60) and security (2.28) in the lockdown period. During the lockdown, the highest levels of anxiety were seen in security staff (4.72) and housekeeping (4.8), with a considerable increase after the lockdown situation. During the lockdown period, the mean score of pharmacists and technicians (10.33) were more stressed than other HCWs, and the second-highest levels of stress were observed in security (10.11) and front desk workers (10.09), respectively. Our results show that there was a worsening of the psychological impact of the pandemic and an increase in PTSD, stress, anxiety, and depression among HCWs. Female gender, pharmacists, and technicians were the most vulnerable group to develop psychiatric comorbidities.

Going Green Supply Chain Management During COVID-19, Assessing the Best Supplier Selection Criteria: A Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Approach

In the past ten years, sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) attach great importance due to consumers, for-profit and profitless organizations, laws and regulations to the social and corporate responsibilities of consumers, so it has been recognized by practitioners and scholars. Supplier selection, environmental effect like a lockdown, and social cooperation and other SSCM programs can play an important part in realizing the triple bottom line (TBL) of economic, environmental, social assistances. In supply chain management (SCM), the sustainable supplier selection (SSS) and firm performance plays an important role. Traditionally, when evaluating SSS performance, organizations will consider a new framework to obtain the overall criteria/sub-criteria of the sustainability index by encapsulating sustainability. In this paper 12 sub-criteria for 3 pillars of sustainability as economic, environment and social performance is collected. Although there are many articles on SSS and evaluation, so far, research on sustainability issues is very limited. This study endeavours to propose a fuzzy multi-criteria approach to discuss SSCM planning, and studies the issue of determining a current model for SSS in the supply chain during COVID-19 based on the TBL method. For express the linguistic value of the subjective preference of experts we use triangular fuzzy numbers. By using fuzzy numbers to find standard weights for qualitative performance evaluation, then fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is proposed to find the ranking of SSS. However, COVID-19 has a negative role in SSS and in firm performance. The situation of lockdown due to COVID-19 has a negative effect on the performance of the organizations. An example is given of the proposed method.

E-learning versus face-to-face civil and environmental engineering education: A case study of the COVID-19 pandemic

The Malaysian Government implemented a countrywide lockdown due to COVID-19, which also affected the educational institutes. Under these circumstances, the e-learning educational strategy was initiated for the resuming of educational activities. A need for the study was devised and performed to assess the students’ perspective on this transition from face-to-face learning to e-learning for the effective implementation of the system. Students’ feedback data was evaluated for the January 2020 semester, which was collected before the pandemic and the September 2020 semester, which was collected during the pandemic by the end of the semester. Both data were analysed by adopting parametric Student’s t-test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Overall, it is concluded that students were comfortable with the e-learning educational system. However, the effectiveness of the e-learning system is dependent on the course type and requirements. This study will help the instructors to evaluate and improve their teaching strategy for the e-learning educational system by the preview of students for the deficiencies, in comparison to face-to-face learning, as the current lockdown situation is uncertain due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Evolution of air quality in Morocco before and during the COVID-19 pandemic; comparative study

The epidemic of coronavirus is spreading all over the world, which is not only a health problem, but also affects the social sector, politics, the environment in various ways and the world economy. In response to the rapidly changing international epidemiological situation of COVID-19, several governments have imposed restrictions on the movement of people and vehicles and suspended industrial activities as a safety measure to reduce the spread of the virus and protect human health. This study aims to compare the state of air quality in Morocco, before the pandemic and during the lockdown situation of the Moroccan territory between March 2020 and June 2020.

Can Blended Learning Address Indian Academic Issues?

Over the years, India has implemented social reforms aimed at providing education to all. This is observed from the growth in GER (Gross Enrollment Ratio) over the years that has resulted in a decrease in the number of students absent in schools. Coronavirus, nonetheless, has disturbed this scenario and is testing the functions, efficiencies, and practices of India's schooling framework. This research paper, written for stakeholders in government, and the education sector, anticipate the extent to which there is a need of continuing the imparting of education. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the newer ways that may help continue the process of learning and teaching amidst this lockdown situation that is prevailing across the world. This disruption of education has forced pushed the policymakers to consider another way of imparting quality education (both primary and secondary). This has resulted in the use of a ‘blended (mixed) learning methodology’ that incorporates one-to-one learning (classroom) as well as one-to-many (e-learning). In this context, the authors would like to emphasize the need of strengthening the basic education framework that imparts education to all.

Exploring Caregiver Burden and Health Condition of Dementia Patients during Lockdown due to COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background:To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries imposed strict lockdown to ensure social distancing to limit the spread of the virus. This caused difficulties in the management and care of patients with various chronic disorders including dementia.Objectives:The objective of the study was to explore the health condition of patients with dementia and assess their caregivers’ burden during the lockdown.Methods:A total of 57 caregivers of patients with dementia who had attended the cognitive clinic of the institute for a follow-up within 1 year preceding the lockdown were assessed through telephonic interviews. Caregivers’ details were noted following an interview related to the patients’ health condition during lockdown and caregiver concerns.Results:Findings showed a deterioration in memory in 66.7% of patients with dementia and an increase in symptoms like agitation, sleeplessness, low mood, restlessness, aggression, etc., Caregivers felt helpless and had to manage new concerns and they were not sure as to how to deal with the situation.Conclusion:The lockdown situation disrupted the health conditions of dementia patients and caregivers faced novel challenges while managing them.

Digital Socialligators? Social Media-Induced Perceived Support During the Transition to the COVID-19 Lockdown

The sudden COVID-19-induced transition from a physical university life to a virtual one was a painful one for many students. Social distancing measures mean more than a simple change from face-to-face to online education. This study investigates how different social aspects, such as the students’ psychological sense of community, social capital, and use of social media, facilitated the perceived social support during the transition to the COVID-19 lockdown. Our results not only underline social media’s role, but also indicate that the perceived social support, as well as the bonding and bridging social capital, were particularly relevant during the transition process. Our findings are aimed at organizational management by recommending actionable ways in which they could improve social support by organizing computer-supported social networks, social support predictors, and specialized interventions for students with less perceived social support. As such, the study provides unique insights into the COVID-19-induced lockdown situation among students, while offering a transition model that also generalizes to other settings.

Perception of Secondary School Teachers for Online Learning During COVID-19

In this present lockdown situation due to COVID-19 pandemic, the entire education system shifts from traditional to non-traditional teachinglearning. Our teachers have made education possible with the help of technology. The usage of technology for online learning depends upon teachers' perceptions of it. The research was conducted to determine the perception of secondary school teachers of online teaching-learning. The major objectives of this study are to find out the perception of teachers towards online learning based on gender, type of school, subject taught, teaching experience, and educational qualification. The descriptive survey is used in this research. The quota sampling technique selects 140 secondary school teachers from Patna. A self-constructed and validated perception scale was used to collect data. Data analysis was carried out with chi-square for perception scale in SPSS software. From the analysis, it was found that there were no significant differences in the perception of secondary school teachers based on the various background variables of secondary school teachers. It means that the secondary school teachers of Patna have a positive perception of online learning during COVID-19. They used online platforms for the teaching-learning process. This research paper contributes to studying teachers' perception of technology adoption in education.

Maternal Mental Health under COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand.

Numerous nations have implemented lockdown measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a consequence of the lockdown on daily living, social participation, and health service accessibility, vulnerable people, for example, new mothers, may experience an increase in mental health problems. This cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on Thai new mothers and the variables affecting their mental health. The survey data were collected from 903 Thai mothers with infants aged 0–12 months using an online platform and a face-to-face interview questionnaire survey between 17 July and 17 October 2020, during the first nationwide COVID-19 lockdown period. For the final analysis, there were 862 participants who completed all of the questions. The full exploratory analysis was performed by multivariable linear regression to identify the variables influencing maternal mental health. Our study demonstrated that new mothers reported feeling a high extent to some extent of worry (44.9%), increased appetite (40.4%), becoming easily annoyed or irritable (39.1%), and feeling down (33.5%), whereas 82.7% felt able to cope with the first lockdown situation. Practiced relaxation techniques were associated with positive maternal mental health (adjusted β = 1.05, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.52, p < 0.001). The perceived impact of the COVID-19 lockdown was on the household’s ability to pay for rent, to make mortgage payments (adjusted β = −1.59, 95% CI −2.87 to −0.36, p = 0.011), the household’s ability to pay for other essentials, such as utilities and medication (adjusted β = −1.99, 95% CI −3.16 to −0.81, p = 0.001), household crowding after lockdown (adjusted β = −3.46, 95% CI −4.86 to −2.06, p < 0.001), and not going outside or doing outdoor activities (adjusted β = −2.22, 95% CI −3.35 to −1.08, p < 0.001). These impacts were significantly associated with negative mental health. In conclusion, our results emphasize the critical need for continuous monitoring of maternal mental health and developing an effective response strategy and activity for promoting maternal mental health under the stress of repetitive lockdowns and increased economic pressures.

Perceptions of undergraduate medical students regarding e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has caused a sudden shift towards the exclusive adoption of online teaching, forming the primary source of medical education and enabling students to continue to learn remotely. The role in the academic arena has gained importance furthermore considering the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic causing educational institutions around the world over to close down and thus giving rise to multiple challenges at all stages and levels of education in particular for students, due to the lockdown situation. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the perceptions of undergraduate medical students regarding e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from April 2021 to June 2021 among 404 undergraduate medical students of IIMSR Medical College, Badnapur, Jalna, Maharashtra. The questionnaire had eliciting information about socio-demographic profile, knowledge and perception regarding advantages and challenges of e-learning was administered to them. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version-13.0.Results: About 87% students were of opinion that e-learning was not useful and not motivated to use it and 38% students’ think it’s beneficial as has interactive mode, but 62% students think otherwise. Only 36% are of opinion that e-learning will improve their performance. Majority 78% students think e-learning will not help in better understanding then formal teaching methods.Conclusions: Undergraduate medical students were still more inclined towards traditional teaching rather than e-learning. Faculty members should take necessary measures for improving e-learning facility and quality to help with better learning.

Behavioral Interventions in Long-Term Care Facilities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study

During the COVID-19 pandemic, long-term care (LTC) centers have adopted a series of measures that have affected the physical and cognitive health of patients. The routines of the patients, as well as the interventions of professionals, have been altered. In the case presented here, our aim was to explain the effect that the strong confinement due to the spread of the first COVID-19 wave in Spain had on a 75-year-old resident in an LTC center, with cognitive and behavioral symptomatology compatible with a diagnosis of mixed dementia, as well as the measures that the center adopted to manage the lockdown situation in the best possible way, including personalized attention protocols and a video call program. Different nosological hypotheses are also raised using a semiological analysis, including the analysis of the initial and continuation diagnostic protocols, as well as the therapeutic options.

Declining Numbers of Neurosurgical Emergencies at a German University Medical Center during the Coronavirus Lockdown.

The coronavirus pandemic due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is posing unprecedented challenges to health care systems around the globe. Consequently, various lockdown scenarios have been politically imposed to get control over the spread of this disease. We examined the impact of the lockdown situation on the number of neurosurgical emergency patients admitted to our tertiary care center with a catchment area of ∼2.2 million inhabitants in the south of Germany to ensure adequate neurosurgical emergency care during a pandemic lockdown. All emergency admissions (with consecutive inpatient treatment) to the Department of Neurosurgery at the University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany, between March 1 and May 8 (69 days) of the years 2018, 2019, and 2020 were retrospectively identified and reviewed for this study. Demographic data, diagnoses, urgency of surgery, and duration of the journey to the emergency room were examined. Between March 1 and May 8, 2020, 59 emergency patients were neurosurgically treated at our department. Compared with 2018 and 2019, emergency admissions in 2020 had thus declined by 37.2 and 27.1%, respectively. Regarding the year 2020, we found a significant drop from 1.71 and 1.52 emergency patients per day in January and February 2020, respectively, to 0.86 during lockdown (p < 0.001). The decline especially concerned nontraumatic spinal cases and also patients with other neurosurgical diagnoses such as intracranial hemorrhage. Evaluation of the overall disease severity of admitted patients by means of the urgency of surgery showed no difference between the baseline years and the lockdown period. Our findings are in line with other observational studies of neurosurgical, neurologic, and cardiologic centers in Europe that have described a drop in emergency cases. The reasons for this drop that seems to affect various medical fields and countries across Europe are still unidentified. Morbidity and mortality rates are still unknown, and efforts should be made to facilitate neurosurgical emergency care during a pandemic lockdown.

Lived and perceived space during lock-down in a sensitive map approach

Abstract. The first lock-down in France due to the Covid-19 pandemic happened during spring 2020. It meant restrictions for everyone regarding reachable space and possible time length outside home. The seminar of sensitive mapping taking place in École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) went online and proposed an exercise to investigate the consequences of these statutory restrictions on individual lived and perceived space. The defined protocol of the exercise was based on the framework of the sensitive map approach. This approach adapts the principles of conventional cartography so that to favour personal information selection and design. Each participant of the seminar had the task to map their space. Displayed information should concern meaningful elements from their spatial environment. Other targeted information was sensitive information including emotions, feelings, and opinions as well as perceived elements from the five senses. The resulted map corpus offers diverse mapping creations. Each map contains several graphic items. Items are mainly cartographical displays enriched with non-cartographical drawings, pictures, photos, records, charts. Techniques were mixed: pen, fabrics, computer-based. The themes of displayed elements are about spatially-stable features like the dwelling, buildings remained open, green spaces, and about ephemeral and sensitive information like social interactions, people, perceived sounds, smells and feelings about the lock-down situation and the pandemic. Some maps have used or were inspired by topographic maps. Though in most maps, distances and topology are subjective. Sensitive mapping appeared as an interesting approach to collect individual testimonies and might be complementary to statistical studies.

Lockdown policy and its impact on employee termination and restaurant sustainability in Indonesia and European countries

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;This research investigates employee termination decisions and the impact on restaurants’ sustainability during the COVID-19 pandemic. Restaurants in Indonesia, Germany, and the Netherlands have been affected by the lockdown policy that led to job cuts and termination of restaurants’ employees in those three counties. Therefore, the restaurant owners must cope with the lockdown situation in their country and find the best strategy to survive. This research is qualitative research that was conducted by using in depth semi-structured interviews to collect data from twelve interviewees who are working in three restaurants in Indonesia, and one restaurant each in Germany and the Netherlands. Due to the distance and the pandemic, most of the interviews were conducted online. All restaurants in this research are included in the casual restaurant category. This research found several factors of the termination process of the restaurant employees were included in the &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;employee performance&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;and&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; employee&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; enforcement factors.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;This research also discovered a relationship between the dismissal process and the sustainability of the restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic that varied greatly among the three countries: Indonesia, Germany, and the Netherlands. The factors that influenced the restaurants’ sustainability included restaurant profit, government regulations, and the ways the restaurants’ owners or management navigated the pandemic effects. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The results of this study will be useful to provide insight for businesses in the field of food and beverages, especially for restaurants during the COVID-19 pandemic.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Knowledge and public health practices during lockdown towards COVID-19 in Bangladesh

The study aimed to assess the role of having knowledge and essential hygiene practices to prevent coronavirus pandemic and to find out the relationship between people’s knowledge and good hygiene practices with socio-demographic variables during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation. In this study, data were collected from 248 respondents for cross-sectional study using voluntary response sampling from April, 30 2020 to May, 30 2020, during lockdown situation in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics were done to calculate the frequencies and percentages by using Stata SE 14.2 (StataCorp). Chi-square was performed at the significance level of 5% to find the factors which were associated with knowledge about COVID-19. After knowing about COVID-19, 86.29% respondents had taken preventive measures and 71.37% respondents had agreed to stay at home. Among the respondents, 47.98% were involved in services and were positively associated with good general knowledge of preventive practices. Our present findings indicated significant relationship between good general knowledge and practice of general people towards COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh. The findings of the study are helpful for the researchers and the population to follow all good promotional practices for preventive measures against coronavirus.

Danish national film archives available for reminiscence activities

AbstractBackgroundAmong important elements’ in person‐centred care is knowledge about a person’s life, and how this ties into his/her daily activities and care. Finding historical film footage about a particular local setting, or a relevant topic, is time‐consuming and difficult for the care staff. The Danish Film Institute – a government institution under the Ministry of Culture – set out to develop a platform that made part of their historical archive available for staff, to support the national agenda of creating a dementia‐friendly society.MethodBased on knowledge from reminiscence theory, suitable archive footage was selected and grouped into four packages, consisting of several short film clips and supportive documents. The platform was tested on eight nursing home residents with a dementia diagnosed, in two groups of four. Each group performed one session per week for three weeks at the nursing home. Due to COVID‐19 restrictions, only proxy data was collected in terms of interviews with a group leader and two on‐site observers after every session, about their experiences with the material and their observed participant reactions. Data collection without the voices of the participants themselves was performed due to the need for obtaining at least proxy data on the effect of targeted film clip to stimulate frail elderlies with dementia – also in a pandemic lockdown situation. Informed consent from all participants was obtained. Data and ethics approval was done in accordance with Danish law.ResultsAlthough the archive content was not targeted people with declining cognitive function, the staff assessed the effect of this pedagogical dissemination of well‐designed film clip content, as very positive in relation to the participants with dementia. The sessions managed to stimulate engaging discussion and storytelling about the participant's own life in what can be described as deep memory recollections. Some instances of transference of new knowledge about life history to daily care of the participants were reported.ConclusionThe study instances that tailored archived film content can be used in professional person‐centred care to stimulate memories of people with dementia and quality moments in participant`s daily life.

Impacts of the COVID-19 confinement on air quality, the Land Surface Temperature and the urban heat island in eight cities of Andalusia (Spain)

The COVID-19 outbreak and ensuing global lockdown situation have generated a very negative impact on the world economy, but they have also lent us a unique opportunity to research and better grasp the impacts of human activity on environmental pollution and urban climates. Such studies will be of vital importance for decision-making on measures needed to mitigate the effects of climate change in urban areas, in order to turn them into resilient environments. This study looks at eight cities in the region of Andalusia (southern Spain) to comprehensively assess their environmental quality with parameters (Pm10, So2, No2, Co and O3) obtained from meteorological stations. The aim was to determine how these parameters affect the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and the Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI), on the basis of Sentinel 3 satellite thermal images. Knowing to what extent improved air quality can reduce the LST and SUHI of cities will be essential in the context of future environmental studies on which to base sustainable decisions. The geographic situation of cities in the Mediterranean Sea basin, highly vulnerable to climate change, and the high pollution rates and high daily temperature variations of these urban areas make them particularly attractive for analyses of this sort. During the confinement period, average reductions of some environmental pollutants were achieved: So2 (−33.5%), Pm10 (−38.3%), No2 (−44.0%) and Co (−26.5%). However, the environmental variable O3 underwent an average growth of 5.9%. The LST showed an average reduction of −4.6 °C (−19.3%), while the SUHI decreased by 1.02 °C (−59.8%). These values exhibit high spatio-temporal variations between day and night, and between inland and coastal cities.