Lock Usage Research Articles

The usage of smart locks in smart home

The usage of smart locks in smart home

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan dalam Menentukan Kualitas Lateks pada Tanaman Karet Menggunakan Matlab dengan Metode Fuzzy Mamdani (Studi Kasus PT. Gergas Utama Kecamatan Wampu Kabupaten Langkat)

Rubber plant is one of plants that produces latex which can be used as materials production of vehicle tools, health equipment, mat and other kinds of equipment. In PT Gergas Utama, Wampu Sub-district, District of Langkat, a good and proper quality of ruber plants are still determined by applying conventional method of Meter Lock usage. The criteria to produce International standard Latex are the age of rubber plants, winding width, and climate or weather. In the research, the Mamdani Fuzzy method was applied as the Decision Support System in order to determine the best quality of latex which can optimize the time and can overcome failures in determining latex quality. Fuzzy variables used in the research are the age of rubber plants, winding width, and climate or weather. The Fuzzy set used in each variable are is young (0-6), medium (3-12), old (9-15), small ( 0-0.8 ), medium (0.4-1.6 ), big (1.2 -2 ), rain ( 0-20 ), transition ( 15-30 ), dry (25-35). Fuzzy Mamdani method consists of Fuzzification, Rule Formation, Inference Engine, Defuzzification and Matlab Programming

Design and implementation of keycode encryption for electric door lock embedded system using cryptography algorithm

In this digital era the usage of locks is no longer only relies on traditional key systems, but also relies on usage of electronic sensors that can improve security system. Now the threat to keyless locking system does not only come from physical sources but also come from non-physical or digital sources. This treat can be prevented by using cryptography to hide digital data in the system. In this research utilizing a raspberry pi and a servo motor as a locking device, a web server as a data storage center, a mobile device software application as a user interface. Raspberry pi is a mini computer that can be used for various needs. The password will be sent over internet from mobile device to web server and raspberry pi will give a command to the servo to unlock and lock. This study will compare between combination of RSA, 3DES, AES 128 bit, and 256bit AES algorithms to obtain an algorithm that could be operated optimally on the system based on encryption and decryption speed. The final result of this study is a method to implement cryptographic algorithms on smart key systems to obtain better security.

Smartwatch games: Encouraging privacy-protective behaviour in a longitudinal study

While the public claim concern for their privacy, they frequently appear to overlook it. This disparity between concern and behaviour is known as the Privacy Paradox. Such issues are particularly prevalent on wearable devices. These products can store personal data, such as text messages and contact details. However, owners rarely use protective features. Educational games can be effective in encouraging changes in behaviour. Therefore, we developed the first privacy game for (Android) Wear OS watches. 10 participants used smartwatches for two months, allowing their high-level settings to be monitored. Five individuals were randomly assigned to our treatment group, and they played a dynamically-customised privacy-themed game. To minimise confounding variables, the other five received the same app but lacking the privacy topic. The treatment group improved their protection, with their usage of screen locks significantly increasing (p = 0.043). In contrast, 80% of the control group continued to never restrict their settings. After the posttest phase, we evaluated behavioural rationale through semi-structured interviews. Privacy concerns became more nuanced in the treatment group, with opinions aligning with behaviour. Actions appeared influenced primarily by three factors: convenience, privacy salience and data sensitivity. This is the first smartwatch game to encourage privacy-protective behaviour.

Refactoring Java Programs for Customizable Locks Based on Bytecode Transformation

Developers of parallel programming are faced with choices of using various Java locks. Choosing the best lock is a challenging task because a multithreaded application implemented using different locks may end up with uncertain performance. There is a strong need for automated tool support that helps Java programmers choose the best lock for each specific application. This paper presents an automated transformation approach to convert an implementation using a synchronized lock to a ReentrantLock or a ReentrantReadWriteLock at the bytecode level. For the ReentrantLock, our approach runs analysis for global monitors using the visitor pattern in the Joeq compiler. For the ReentrantReadWriteLock, a read or write lock is chosen after a side-effect analysis. Then, the proposed system validates the consistency of the analysis results to ensure a correct sequence of lock usage. Finally, lock operations and related thread communication operations are transformed into a ReentrantLock or a ReentrantReadWriteLock using a bytecode transformation framework Javassist. We validate our approach on several benchmarks including RBTree, PC, SPECjbb2005, and HSQLDB. The experimental results show that the proposed automated transformation approach can transform these benchmarks successfully in a timely fashion.

Statistical effects of waterway lock unavailability on commodity flow

ABSTRACTProblem statement: It has been posited that insufficient funding for lock maintenance on the inland waterway system causes scheduled and unscheduled delays that greatly threaten inland waterway system performance. We seek to express this in a concrete form and explore quantitatively the extent to which it may be true.Approach: Our approach is to estimate statistical models using Lock Use, Performance, and Characteristics data published by the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Navigation Data Center. Important to this approach are that the models should seem practically appropriate, and special attention should be paid to the possibility of interaction among lock unavailability and usage variables.Results: Apparently, the cost of scheduled unavailability for lock maintenance expressed in disrupted commodity flow is in its fixed component; the decision to interrupt commodity flow is what affects inland waterway system performance compared with the extent to which flow is interrupted in time. At the same time, the cost of unscheduled unavailability (e.g. lock closures due to disrepair and natural causes) is in its variable component, meaning the extent to which flow is interrupted in time more greatly affects inland waterway system performance.

Estimating lock congestion

We statistically estimate the relationship between lock usage (the number of barges locked) and lock congestion (the average delay and process time incurred) using a fixed-effects regression model that accounts for both lock characteristics and lock heterogeneity. In addition, we exploit the geographical variation in demand patterns for individual locks along the Upper Mississippi River system of locks and dams to avoid simultaneity bias that arises from the use of observed data. Using a panel dataset spanning the years 1993–2010, we find statistically significant evidence of the existence of a quadratic lock congestion function for 600 ft lock technology. While 1,200 ft lock technology on the other hand seemingly operates under free-flow conditions, the presence of an auxiliary chamber significantly mitigates congestion, with the effect being more pronounced for higher levels of traffic. Unscheduled lock outages attenuate lock congestion for both types of lock technology, while lock age (following a U-shaped relationship) affects congestion costs for 600 ft locks only. In addition, we find a tempering effect of scheduled outages in the case of 600 ft locks, and non-commercial vessels in the case of 1,200 ft locks.

Reachability under Contextual Locking

The pairwise reachability problem for a multi-threaded program asks, given control locations in two threads, whether they can be simultaneously reached in an execution of the program. The problem is important for static analysis and is used to detect statements that are concurrently enabled. This problem is in general undecidable even when data is abstracted and when the threads (with recursion) synchronize only using a finite set of locks. Popular programming paradigms that limit the lock usage patterns have been identified under which the pairwise reachability problem becomes decidable. In this paper, we consider a new natural programming paradigm, called contextual locking, which ties the lock usage to calling patterns in each thread: we assume that locks are released in the same context that they were acquired and that every lock acquired by a thread in a procedure call is released before the procedure returns. Our main result is that the pairwise reachability problem is polynomial-time decidable for this new programming paradigm as well. The problem becomes undecidable if the locks are reentrant; reentrant locking is a \emph{recursive locking} mechanism which allows a thread in a multi-threaded program to acquire the reentrant lock multiple times.

PATTERNS OF FISH PASSAGE IN THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

Dams have been implicated in the alteration of natural river processes. Quantifying spatial and temporal movement and passage patterns of large river fishes are critical for determining the extent of restricted passage and the needs for fish passage improvements. However, limited information regarding this topic exists because of the inherent difficulties associated with large river systems and assumptions associated with movement studies. Because of this lack of information, we investigated broad scale passage patterns of several riverine fish species through seven locks and dams complexes of the Upper Mississippi River using telemetry. Over the course of our 5-year evaluation, we observed species-specific movement and passage patterns, and how these trends were affected by factors such as water level and lock and dam management. Stationary receivers placed in a monitoring array detected a total of 1036 passage events. Eighty-four percent of the passage occurred through all but one of the lock and dam structures during both open and closed river conditions. While 70% of the passage occurred during open river conditions, further investigation of passages that occurred during closed river conditions (when gates are extended into the water column at some level) revealed that the majority of passage occurred when the average opening for all gates ranged from 0.6 to 1.2 m. Lock usage was also quantified, and most species were not routinely using the lock chambers for passage. Ultimately, these data have shown that individuals of each study species were able to negotiate most of the locks and dams during open and closed river conditions in both directions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Rigid Sternal Fixation Improves Postoperative Recovery

Introduction:During the past five years, ridged sternal fixation has been utilized for sternal closure after cardiac surgery. It is known that this procedure provides better sternal stability; however, its contribution to patient recovery has not been investigated.Methods:Retrospective chart review was conducted for patients who underwent CABG and/or valve surgery in our institution between 2009 and 2010. Preoperative, perioperative, and follow-up data of patients with ridgid fixation (group R, n=89) were collected and compared with those patients with conventional sternal closure (group C, n=133). The decision regarding the sternal closure method was based on the surgeon’s preferences. Univariate followed by multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the dominant factor of sternal lock usage and to evaluate postoperative recoveries. The factors included in the analyses were; age, sex, coronary risk factors, urgency of surgery, ejection fraction, coronary anatomy, preoperative stroke, renal function, and preoperative presence of heart failure. All statistical analyses were performed by JMP software.Results:Group R was younger (62 ± 9 in group R vs 69 ± 11 in group C, p<0.0001) than group C, more male dominant (61% vs 49%, p=0.0452), had a lower percentage of patients undergoing redo-surgery (2.2% vs 9.0%, p<0.0418), was more likely to be used in isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (71% vs 46%, p=0.0002), more often to be used for large patient (body mass index, BMI greater than 30) (58% vs 37%. P=0.0045), and patients were more likely to have a low EuroSCORE (2.6 ± 2.3 vs 4.4 ± 2.7). Intubation time (13 ± 20 hours vs 39 ± 97 hours, p=0.0030), ICU stay (58 ± 40 hours vs 99 ± 119 hours, p=0.0003), and postoperative length of stay (7.0 ± 3.7 days vs 8.4 ± 4.7 days, p<0.0141) were significantly shorter in group R than group C. Multivariate analyses showed ridged sternal fixation was the most dominant factor affecting intubation time and ICU stay.Conclusion:Rigid sternal fixation systems were more frequently applied to low risk young male patients. Among these selected patients, ridgid sternal fixation can contribute to early patient recovery.

Compiling the π-calculus into a Multithreaded Typed Assembly Language

We extend a previous work on a multithreaded typed assembly language (MIL) targeted at shared memory multiprocessors, and describe the design of a type-preserving compiler from the π-calculus into MIL. The language enforces a policy on lock usage through a typing system that also ensures race-freedom for typable programs, while allowing for typing various important concurrency patterns. Our translation to MIL generates code that is then linked to a library supporting a generic unbounded buffer monitor, variant of Hoare's bounded buffer monitor, entirely written in MIL. Such a monitor shields client code (the π-calculus compiler in particular) from the hazardous task of direct lock manipulation, while allowing for the representation of π-calculus channels. The compiler produces type correct MIL programs from type correct source code, generating low-contention cooperative multithreaded programs.

Contention-aware scheduler

In multithreaded programming, locks are frequently used as a mechanism for synchronization. Because today's operating systems do not consider lock usage as a scheduling criterion, scheduling decisions can be unfavorable to multithreaded applications, leading to performance issues such as convoying and heavy lock contention in systems with multiple processors. Previous efforts to address these issues (e.g., transactional memory, lock-free data structure) often treat scheduling decisions as "a fact of life," and therefore these solutions try to cope with the consequences of undesirable scheduling instead of dealing with the problem directly. In this paper, we introduce Contention-Aware Scheduler (CA-Scheduler) , which is designed to support efficient execution of large multithreaded Java applications in multiprocessor systems. Our proposed scheduler employs a scheduling policy that reduces lock contention. As will be shown in this paper, our prototype implementation of the CA-Scheduler in Linux and Sun HotSpot virtual machine only incurs 3.5% runtime overhead, while the overall performance differences, when compared with a system with no contention awareness, range from a degradation of 3% in a small multithreaded benchmark to an improvement of 15% in a large Java application server benchmark.

Basingstoke Canal Hydrological Study: A Water Balance

ABSTRACTThe paper describes a hydrological study to investigate causes and potential solutions to a significant shortfall of water in the Basingstoke Canal. Canal inflows and losses were investigated under drought and average summer conditions, and spring yields, streams, piped drainage and pumped inflows were assessed. Losses included evaporation, seepage, weirs and lock usage. A computer model of the complete water balance in the canal was created for the 29 pounds† for different levels of canal usage under three meteorological scenarios. This showed the balance of water stored, and in shortfall or excess, for each month over a year of operation for each pound.Field investigations, which were carried out to verify the model and to refine preliminary estimates, included flow measurement, site investigation, groundwater level monitoring and water‐quality testing. Recommendations were made on potential solutions to the problem of water shortage to achieve different levels of canal usage.