Location Of Vessels Research Articles

2D-perfusion angiography for intra-procedural endovascular treatment response assessment in chronic mesenteric ischemia: a feasibility study

BackgroundEndovascular revascularization has become the first-line treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). The qualitative visual analysis of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is dependent on observer experience and prone to interpretation errors. We evaluate the feasibility of 2D-Perfusion Angiography (2D-PA) for objective, quantitative treatment response assessment in CMI.Methods49 revascularizations in 39 patients with imaging based evidence of mesenteric vascular occlusive disease and clinical signs of CMI were included in this retrospective study. To assess perfusion changes by 2D-PA, DSA-series were post-processed using a dedicated, commercially available software. Regions of interest (ROI) were placed in the pre- and post-stenotic artery segment. In aorto-ostial disease, the inflow ROI was positioned at the mesenteric artery orifice. The ratios outflow to inflow ROI for peak density (PD), time to peak and area-under-the-curve (AUC) were computed and compared pre- and post-interventionally. We graded motion artifacts by means of a four-point scale. Feasibility of 2D-PA and changes of flow parameters were evaluated.ResultsMotion artifacts due to a mobile vessel location beneath the diaphragm or within the mesenteric root, branch vessel superimposition and inadequate contrast enhancement at the inflow ROI during manually conducted DSA-series via selective catheters owing to steep vessel angulation, necessitated exclusion of 26 measurements from quantitative flow evaluation. The feasibility rate was 47%. In 23 technically feasible assessments, PDoutflow/PDinflow increased by 65% (p < 0.001) and AUCoutflow/AUCinflow increased by 85% (p < 0.001). The time to peak density values in the outflow ROI accelerated only minimally without reaching statistical significance. Age, BMI, target vessel (celiac trunk, SMA or IMA), stenosis location (ostial or truncal), calcification severity, plaque composition or the presence of a complex stenosis did not reach statistical significance in their distribution among the feasible and non-feasible group (p > 0.05). ConclusionsCompared to other vascular territories and indications, the feasibility of 2D-PA in mesenteric revascularization for CMI was limited. Unfavorable anatomic conditions contributed to a high rate of inconclusive 2D-PA results.

Vessel Safety Monitoring System (VSMS) Based on LoRA for the Safety of Indonesian Traditional Fishers

Based on data obtained from Indonesian fisheries statistics, over ten years, it is known that 90% of the fishing fleet in Indonesia is dominated by fishing vessels under 30 GT. Generally, these vessels are not equipped with the calculations of the shipping architect or planning drawings. the large percentage of shipping disasters or vessel accidents in Indonesia, including fishing vessel accidents, is caused by several factors: 43.67% due to human error, 32.37% due to nature, 23.94% due to technical factors. Accidents due to bad weather cannot be avoided during fishing operations. However, with the quality of human resources and technical factors that have improved, it is hoped that vessel accidents can be avoided or minimized. According to the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), vessels with the IMO standard are already based on satellite communications. Vessels required to use the GMDSS standard are vessels with a size of 300 GT and above. We develop a Vessel Safety Monitoring System (VSMS) which has a lower cost, which can be used to determine the vessel’s position and is added by using a distress button system such as the satellite-based GMDSS system. the communication from the coast guard post to the vessel uses the LoRA module based on radio frequency, although without pressing the distress button on the vessel, the device on the vessel will continue to send location, vessel's speed, and rpm to the coast guard station. If the distress button is pressed, the location will still be sent, the buzzer at the coast guard post will turn on, and the vessel's location can be seen on the local web server so that the coast guard post officers can immediately find out the coordinates of the vessel. It can minimize the time to search for the vessel's location because the vessel's coordinates are known. Based on the results of the Vessel Safety Monitoring System (VSMS) test, 10 data transmission from the vessel to the coast guard post can work on the land and the sea it can send nine types of data with 0 - 50 meters distance, it can send 1 type of data with a 0 - 100 meters distance, with an average delivery delay of 5 seconds. The amount of data and the delivery delay affects the working distance of the tool. The distress function or the danger signal requires data transmission for 0-15 seconds manually or automatically until the alarm goes off at the coast guard post since the vessel's danger signal is activated from the vessel to the coast guard post

Experimental Validation of Ellipsoidal Techniques for State Estimation in Marine Applications

A reliable quantification of the worst-case influence of model uncertainty and external disturbances is crucial for the localization of vessels in marine applications. This is especially true if uncertain GPS-based position measurements are used to update predicted vessel locations that are obtained from the evaluation of a ship’s state equation. To reflect real-life working conditions, these state equations need to account for uncertainty in the system model, such as imperfect actuation and external disturbances due to effects such as wind and currents. As an application scenario, the GPS-based localization of autonomous DDboat robots is considered in this paper. Using experimental data, the efficiency of an ellipsoidal approach, which exploits a bounded-error representation of disturbances and uncertainties, is demonstrated.

Intensity distribution segmentation in ultrafast Doppler combined with scanning laser confocal microscopy for assessing vascular changes associated with ageing in murine hippocampi

The hippocampus plays an important role in learning and memory, requiring high-neuronal oxygenation. Understanding the relationship between blood flow and vascular structure—and how it changes with ageing—is physiologically and anatomically relevant. Ultrafast Doppler (muDoppler) and scanning laser confocal microscopy (SLCM) are powerful imaging modalities that can measure in vivo cerebral blood volume (CBV) and post mortem vascular structure, respectively. Here, we apply both imaging modalities to a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of hippocampi vasculature in wild-type mice brains. We introduce a segmentation of CBV distribution obtained from muDoppler and show that this mice-independent and mesoscopic measurement is correlated with vessel volume fraction (VVF) distribution obtained from SLCM—e.g., high CBV relates to specific vessel locations with large VVF. Moreover, we find significant changes in CBV distribution and vasculature due to ageing (5 vs. 21 month-old mice), highlighting the sensitivity of our approach. Overall, we are able to associate CBV with vascular structure—and track its longitudinal changes—at the artery-vein, venules, arteriole, and capillary levels. We believe that this combined approach can be a powerful tool for studying other acute (e.g., brain injuries), progressive (e.g., neurodegeneration) or induced pathological changes.

"Two spaces" lateral lymph node dissection based on fascia anatomy for low rectal cancer

As a treatment of rectal cancer, lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) is still a controversial issue. The argument against LLND is that the procedure is complicated, and consequently results in a high incidence of postoperative urogenital dysfunction. The surgical modality from fascia to space is adopted by lateral lymph node dissection in "two spaces". This operation has significant advantages of clear location of nerves and blood vessels and simplified surgical procedures, so the surgical procedure can be repeated and modulated. The fascia propria of the rectum, urogenital fascia, vesicohypogastric fascia and parietal fascia constitute the dissection plane for lateral lymph node dissection.Two spaces refer to Latzko's pararectal space and paravesical space. During the establishment of fascia plane, the dissection of external iliac lymph node (No.293), commoniliac lymph node (No.273) and abdominal aortic bifurcation lymph node (No.280) can be performed. While in the "space" dissection, internal iliac lymph node (No.263), obturator lymph node (No.283), lateral sacral lymph node (No.260) and median sacral lymph node (No.270) can be removed. LD2 or LD3 lateral lymph node dissection prescribed by the Japanese Society of Colorectal Cancer can be completed according to the needs of the disease. This article describes the anatomical basis and standardized surgical procedures.

Complications in spinal tumor surgery (review of literature)

Combined anterior and posterior approaches are required in spinal tumor surgery and considered highly invasive. Anatomical and physiological features of the surgical intervention area should be taken into consideration as well. Thus, these criteria reflect the severity of intraoperative complications during the surgical treatment of spinal tumors. The authors reviewed the scientific literature on the frequency and nature of complications in surgical interventions for spinal tumors.The most significant risk factors for intraoperative complications have been considered, the main of which are: the proximity of the location of the main vessels and viscera, the development of postoperative liquorrhea, as well as surgical site infection. Based on the studied information, we presented the methods of prevention and surgical tactics options in complications.

Reasons for lesion uncrossability as assessed by intravascular ultrasound.

The purpose of the current study was to use intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to clarify anatomical and morphological lesion characteristics of uncrossable lesions. Uncrossable lesions are not always severely calcified. The prevalence of uncrossable lesions that are nonseverely calcified as well as other mechanisms for uncrossability has not been well clarified. A total of 252 de novo uncrossable lesions in native coronary arteries that underwent either rotational or orbital atherectomy due to inability of any balloon to cross the lesion and 38 lesions with severe calcium in which IVUS crossed preatherectomy were included. Severe calcium is defined as maximum arc of calcium ≥270°. Severe calcification was absent in 16% of uncrossable lesions, 83% of which had a significant vessel bend. Compared with crossable lesions with severe calcium, uncrossable lesions with severe calcium more often had a bend in the vessel (71% vs. 21%, p < 0.001) and a longer length of continuous severe calcium (median length of calcium ≥270° 3.8 mm vs. 1.9 mm, p = 0.001). Other than severe calcium (especially long continuous calcium) or a bend in the vessel, anatomical factors associated with uncrossabilty were aorto-ostial lesion location and small vessels. Uncrossable lesions are not always severely calcified. The interaction of lesion morphology (continuous long and large arcs of calcium) and vessel geometry (bend in the vessel or ostial lesion location) affect lesion crossability.

MRA-free intracranial vessel localization on MR vessel wall images

Analysis of vessel morphology is important in assessing intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD). Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging (VWI) has been introduced to image ICAD and characterize morphology for atherosclerotic lesions. In order to automatically perform quantitative analysis on VWI data, MR angiography (MRA) acquired in the same imaging session is typically used to localize the vessel segments of interest. However, MRA may be unavailable caused by the lack or failure of the sequence in a VWI protocol. This study aims to investigate the feasibility to infer the vessel location directly from VWI. We propose to synergize an atlas-based method to preserve general vessel structure topology with a deep learning network in the motion field domain to correct the residual geometric error. Performance is quantified by examining the agreement between the extracted vessel structures from the pair-acquired and alignment-corrected angiogram, and the estimated output using a cross-validation scheme. Our proposed pipeline yields clinically feasible performance in localizing intracranial vessels, demonstrating the promise of performing vessel morphology analysis using VWI alone.

Flow control in the middle cerebral artery during thrombectomy: the effect of anatomy, catheter size and tip location

BackgroundCatheter size, location and circle of Willis anatomy impact the flow conditions during interventional stroke therapy. The aim of the study was to systematically investigate the influence of these factors...

Normalizing Flows for Out-of-Distribution Detection: Application to Coronary Artery Segmentation

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is an effective imaging modality, increasingly accepted as a first-line test to diagnose coronary artery disease (CAD). The accurate segmentation of the coronary artery lumen on CCTA is important for the anatomical, morphological, and non-invasive functional assessment of stenoses. Hence, semi-automated approaches are currently still being employed. The processing time for a semi-automated lumen segmentation can be reduced by pre-selecting vessel locations likely to require manual inspection and by submitting only those for review to the radiologist. Detection of faulty lumen segmentation masks can be formulated as an Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection problem. Two Normalizing Flows architectures are investigated and benchmarked herein: a Glow-like baseline, and a proposed one employing a novel coupling layer. Synthetic mask perturbations are used for evaluating and fine-tuning the learnt probability densities. Expert annotations on a separate test-set are employed to measure detection performance relative to inter-user variability. Regular coupling-layers tend to focus more on local pixel correlations and to disregard semantic content. Experiments and analyses show that, in contrast, the proposed architecture is capable of capturing semantic content and is therefore better suited for OoD detection of faulty lumen segmentations. When compared against expert consensus, the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 78.6% and a sensitivity of 76%, close to the inter-user mean of 80.9% and 79%, respectively, while the baseline model achieves an accuracy of 64.3% and a sensitivity of 48%.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТОПОГРАФО-АНАТОМИЧЕСКОГО СТРОЕНИЯ КРЫЛОВИДНО-НИЖНЕЧЕЛЮСТНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ БЛОКАД НЕРВОВ И ДРУГИХ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКИХ ВМЕШАТЕЛЬСТВ

Introduction. The region of the pterygo-mandibular space is an anatomical formation that is quite often sub- jected to surgical interventions (blockade of the mandibular nerve and its branches, operations for purulent processes, injuries). Among the complications of these surgical interventions, there are contractures of the lower jaw, neuritis of the lower alveolar and lingual nerves, and failure of anesthesia during blockades of these nerves. The purpose of the study was to analyze literature data and anatomical preparations of the pterygo-mandibular space, to take into account different options for the location of nerves and blood vessels during blockades and operations. Material and methods. The analysis of the literature and our own anatomical studies of 8 preparations of the deep parts of the human head was carried out. Results and discussion. The pterygo-mandibular space has a rather complex topographic and anatomical structure. Its anatomical structures are mobile along with the lower jaw and, accordingly, are adapted to these conditions in the form of a tortuous course of nerves and blood vessels, which prevents their stretching, tension, and injury. These features must be taken into account when performing surgical interventions, blockades of sensory and motor nerves in this area. Spatial perception of the location of the anatomical structures of the pterygo-mandibular space is facilitated by describing them relative to the lateral and medial muscles. Conclusions: The topographic and anatomical structure of the pterygo-mandibular space is variable and complex, which must be taken into account when performing nerve blocks, diagnostics, operations for purulent processes and traumatic injuries. The pterygo-mandibular space, connected directly with the peripharyngeal, should also be considered as part of the oral pharynx communicating with the base of the skull and neck.

Numerical Modeling of The Dysplastic Vessel Heating in PWS by Yellow 578 nm Copper Vapor Laser Radiation for Different Skin Phototypes.

Introduction: Many clinical studies and protocols have been written about laser treatment for fair skin phototypes. However, for dark-skinned phototypes, information is limited, and the risk of burns is higher, especially if the same settings are recommended for fair skin. Competitive epidermal melanin absorption decreases the light energy reaching dysplastic vessels in a port-wine stain (PWS), preventing the vessel from achieving the temperature of the desired clinical result. Therefore, the choice of safe laser settings for different skin phototypes can be realized using numerical modeling of PWS vessel heating. This study aimed to demonstrate the algorithm for choosing both effective and safe photodestruction of dilated dermal vessels in PWS with the copper vapor laser (CVL) at 578 nm for different skin phototypes. Methods: We used the multilayered skin model with different melanin content for detecting the safe laser parameters for PWS treatment. The calculation of the selective heating of the vascular component with CVL radiation at yellow 578-nm wavelengths for different skin phototypes was performed via Matlab mathematical programming system and its application Femlab for solving partial differential equations using the Finite element method. Results: We determined the location, depth, and size of blood vessels that could be selectively heated to coagulation temperature for different skin prototypes. CVL fluence values need to be reduced almost two times for skin phototype IV than for skin phototype II to provide safe CVL treatment. The maximum depth of the location of the vessels, which can be selectively heated to coagulation temperature, also decreased for dark skin phototypes. Histological and histochemical findings validated the results of our calculations. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the use of numerical simulation to optimize has not yet been considered. According to our calculations, CVL could selectively heat the dilated vessel, which occurred in purple and proliferative-type PWS for dark skin at the reduced fluence range and depth.

Case Report: The Second Near-Infrared Window Indocyanine Green Angiography in Giant Mediastinal Tumor Resection

Giant mediastinal tumors are often accompanied by the abundant blood supply and have an unclear border with adjacent vessels, making surgical resection difficult. Failure to distinguish the complex vessels during the operation often results in vascular injury or hemorrhage, which severely increases the operation time and perioperative risk. At present, surgeons can only determine the vessel's location and course by preoperative imaging and intraoperative exploration in visible light. Therefore, we report a case of a giant anterosuperior mediastinal tumor resection assisted by near-infrared (NIR) indocyanine green (ICG) angiography. Furthermore, we applied the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1,700 nm) to detect the fluorescence signals in the clinic for the first time. The NIR-II window is able to explore deeper tissues in centimeters and obtain higher resolution in millimeters than the traditional first near-infrared window (NIR-I, 700–900 nm). Finally, NIR-II ICG angiography shows the clear location and course of the vessels, which can help surgeons reduce unnecessary blood vessel injury and increase the safety of mediastinal tumor resection.

A Few-Shot Learning-Based Retinal Vessel Segmentation Method for Assisting in the Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Laser Surgery.

BackgroundThe location of retinal vessels is an important prerequisite for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) Laser Surgery, which does not only assist the ophthalmologist in marking the location of the leakage point (LP) on the fundus color image but also avoids the damage of the laser spot to the vessel tissue, as well as the low efficiency of the surgery caused by the absorption of laser energy by retinal vessels. In acquiring an excellent intra- and cross-domain adaptability, the existing deep learning (DL)-based vessel segmentation scheme must be driven by big data, which makes the densely annotated work tedious and costly.MethodsThis paper aims to explore a new vessel segmentation method with a few samples and annotations to alleviate the above problems. Firstly, a key solution is presented to transform the vessel segmentation scene into the few-shot learning task, which lays a foundation for the vessel segmentation task with a few samples and annotations. Then, we improve the existing few-shot learning framework as our baseline model to adapt to the vessel segmentation scenario. Next, the baseline model is upgraded from the following three aspects: (1) A multi-scale class prototype extraction technique is designed to obtain more sufficient vessel features for better utilizing the information from the support images; (2) The multi-scale vessel features of the query images, inferred by the support image class prototype information, are gradually fused to provide more effective guidance for the vessel extraction tasks; and (3) A multi-scale attention module is proposed to promote the consideration of the global information in the upgraded model to assist vessel localization. Concurrently, the integrated framework is further conceived to appropriately alleviate the low performance of a single model in the cross-domain vessel segmentation scene, enabling to boost the domain adaptabilities of both the baseline and the upgraded models.ResultsExtensive experiments showed that the upgraded operation could further improve the performance of vessel segmentation significantly. Compared with the listed methods, both the baseline and the upgraded models achieved competitive results on the three public retinal image datasets (i.e., CHASE_DB, DRIVE, and STARE). In the practical application of private CSC datasets, the integrated scheme partially enhanced the domain adaptabilities of the two proposed models.

Various tests of left neglect are associated with distinct territories of hypoperfusion in acute stroke.

Hemispatial neglect is among the most disabling consequences of right hemisphere stroke. However, there is no consensus on the optimal assessments to identify neglect. We hypothesized that different tests for neglect given the same day (i) detect distinct aspects and types of neglect, (ii) are sensitive to different cognitive functions (beyond spatially specific processing) and (iii) are associated with distinct regions of hypoperfusion. We examined data from 135 participants with acute, right-hemispheric ischaemic stroke who received an MRI and neglect testing within 48 h of acute infarct in a cross-sectional study. The volume of infarct was calculated on diffusion-weighted imaging. We also scored severity and location of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintense vessels in six areas (anterior cerebral artery territory, posterior cerebral artery territory and four within the middle cerebral artery territory) to estimate the volume and location of hypoperfusion in acute stroke. Neglect tests included gap detection, scene copy, line bisection, line cancellation, oral reading and picture description. We found strong correlations between tests that evaluated viewer-centred processing, as well as strong correlations between tests that evaluated stimulus-centred processing. The error rate on different tests was associated with hypoperfusion in different vascular territories, even after controlling for the volume of an infarct. Our results confirm that it is essential to administer a battery of different tests of hemispatial neglect to capture various deficits in attention and spatially specific processing that underlies neglect. Our results also show the potential usefulness of hyperintense vessel ratings as an indication of dysfunction beyond the infarct, as the ratings (and not infarct volume) were highly associated with many clinical deficits. Finally, results underscore that diverse types of neglect are clinically important in acute stroke, as they reflect different areas of hypoperfused tissue, which may be salvageable in the absence of infarct in those areas. As such, neglect batteries may be useful for detecting patients with cortical hypoperfusion who are candidates for reperfusion therapies.

Non-communicating rudimentary uterine horn: overview and surgical excision technique

To present principles and techniques for safe and efficient laparoscopic excision of a rudimentary non-communicating rudimentary horn. Laparoscopic surgery of a non-communicating rudimentary uterine horn is effective in treating patients with this anomaly. This video will give an overview of a rudimentary uterine horn and review fundamental principles for safe and effective surgical removal of the defect. A 34-year-old female presents with a history of pelvic pain and endometriosis. She was previously diagnosed with a unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating rudimentary horn. The fundamental principles for safe and effective excision of a non-communicating rudimentary horn include: Accurate diagnosis of rudimentary horn via imaging, hysteroscopy, and laparoscopy. Understanding that Mullerian anomalies have a propensity for pelvic pain and endometriosis, therefore a pelvic survey should be completed. Methylene blue can be helpful to surgeons during rudimentary horn excision because it guides surgeons during the surgery and can notify the surgeon when the uterine cavity has been entered. Methylene blue also helps assess the anatomy and functionality of the fallopian tubes during a Mullerian horn resection. Vasopressin should be considered during uterine horn resection to help minimize blood loss. Identifying the location of the uterine vessels in relation to the uterine horn dissection is essential. Preservation of the uterine vessels is optimal, when possible, especially in women who desire future fertility. Reapproximation of anatomy should be attempted to stabilize anatomy and reduce the risk of ovarian torsion. When performing an excision of a rudimentary horn, a surgeon should remember these operative techniques for a safe and efficient procedure. A rudimentary horn is a lateral fusion defect and can be safely excised if one understands the surgical methods.

Integrating immersion withGPSdata improves behavioural classification for wandering albatrosses and shows scavenging behind fishing vessels mirrors natural foraging

AbstractAdvances in biologging techniques and the availability of high‐resolution fisheries data have improved our ability to understand the interactions between seabirds and fisheries and to evaluate mortality risk due to bycatch. However, it remains unclear whether movement patterns and behaviour differ between birds foraging naturally or scavenging behind vessels and whether this could be diagnostic of fisheries interactions. We deployed novel loggers that record the GPS position of birds at sea and scan the surroundings to detect radar transmissions from vessels and immersion (activity) loggers on wandering albatrossesDiomedea exulansfrom South Georgia. We matched these data to remotely sensed fishing vessel positions and used a combination of hidden Markov and random forest models to investigate whether it was possible to detect a characteristic signature from the seabird tracking and activity data that would indicate fine‐scale vessel overlap and interactions. Including immersion data in our hidden Markov models allowed two distinct foraging behaviours to be identified, both indicative of Area Restricted Search (ARS) but with or without landing behaviour (likely prey capture attempts) that would not be detectable with location data alone. Birds approached vessels during all behavioural states, and there was no clear pattern associated with this type of scavenging behaviour. The random forest models had very low sensitivity, partly because foraging events at vessels occurred very rarely, and did not contain any diagnostic movement or activity pattern that was distinct from natural behaviours away from vessels. Thus, we were unable to predict accurately whether foraging bouts occurred in the vicinity of a fishing vessel, or naturally, based on behaviour alone. Our method provides a coherent and generalizable framework to segment trips using auxiliary biologging (immersion) data and to refine the classification of foraging strategies of seabirds. These results nevertheless underline the value of using radar detectors that detect vessel proximity or remotely sensed vessel locations for a better understanding of seabird–fishery interactions.

Surgical techniques of video-assisted thoracic surgery for congenital pulmonary airway malformation in a 1-year-3-month-old (8.6 kg) infant

: We herein report a 1-year-3-month-old boy (8.6 kg) with asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM). The patient had been prenatally diagnosed with CPAM. Since his neonatal condition was stable, surgery was electively planned once he reached 1 year of age. Preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a multiseptated air-filled cystic lesions in the left lower lobe. Complete video-assisted thoracic surgery (C-VATS) with left lower lobectomy was performed (operation time: 182 min, blood loss: 10 mL). The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7 with no complications. The pathological examination revealed a type 2 CPAM (Stocker’s classification). Although we believe VATS lobectomy for CPAM in infants is feasible, there are some specific hints and pitfalls to be aware of when performing pediatric thoracic surgery: (I) study and improve upon the ligation technique of vessels and bronchus, (II) be aware of the anatomical location of vessels and bronchus, and (III) adjust the position of the bronchial blocker for differential ventilation. When the condition of patients is stable without any symptoms or infection, we recommend that they undergo surgery after the age of one to ensure appropriate growth. In addition, we propose that C-VATS lobectomy may be feasible if patients are older than 18 months old or weigh more than 10 kg from the perspective of vessel/bronchial dissection technique and differential ventilation during anesthesia.

Inland waterway network mapping of AIS data for freight transportation planning

AbstractTravel demand models (TDMs) with freight forecasts estimate performance metrics for competing infrastructure investments and potential policy changes. Unfortunately, freight TDMs fail to represent non-truck modes with levels of detail adequate for multi-modal infrastructure and policy evaluation. Recent expansions in the availability of maritime movement data, i.e. Automatic Identification System (AIS), make it possible to expand and improve representation of maritime modes within freight TDMs. AIS may be used to track vessel locations as timestamped latitude–longitude points. For estimation, calibration and validation of freight TDMs, this work identifies vessel trips by applying network mapping (map-matching) heuristics to AIS data. The automated methods are evaluated on a 747-mile inland waterway network, with AIS data representing 88% of vessel activity. Inspection of 3820 AIS trajectories was used to train the heuristic parameters including stop time, duration and location. Validation shows 84⋅0% accuracy in detecting stops at ports and 83⋅5% accuracy in identifying trips crossing locks. The resulting map-matched vessel trips may be applied to generate origin–destination matrices, calculate time impedances, etc. The proposed methods are transferable to waterways or maritime port systems, as AIS continues to grow.

Demonstration of the epigastric vessels surface anatomy with equation model: An anatomical feasibility study

Introduction: The objective of this study is to design a patient-specific model to predict the location of epigastric vessels on the abdominal surface and to show clinicians safe areas before surgical intervention. Material and Methods: A total of 200 patients who underwent color Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the deep epigastric vessel before gynecological laparoscopic surgery were recruited in the study. The deep epigastric vessels were identified at three equal levels between the xiphoid and umbilicus, and five equal levels between the umbilicus and the symphysis pubis. The distance between the epigastric vessels and the midline was measured bilaterally at each level. Linear mixed effect modeling was used to assess the anatomical location of the epigastric vessels. Results: The model with waist circumference term was found to be the model with best performance metric. This model included waist circumferences as a covariate, the region of the epigastric vessel as a categorical variable, and random effects for patients. The model that calculates the expected distance from the midline of the epigastric vessels for different regions and waist circumferences are presented as “Distance to midline (cm) = 2.57 + Region A + Region B × Waist Circumference.” Discussion and Conclusion: With the equation model, we proposed, the location of the epigastric vessels can be determined specifically for the patient and the abdominopelvic regions. This model can be a guide to prevent vascular injury.