Location Of Occurrence Research Articles

Polyphonic sound event localization and detection based on Multiple Attention Fusion ResNet.

Sound event localization and detection have been applied in various fields. Due to the polyphony and noise interference, it becomes challenging to accurately predict the sound event and their occurrence locations. Aiming at this problem, we propose a Multiple Attention Fusion ResNet, which uses ResNet34 as the base network. Given the situation that the sound duration is not fixed, and there are multiple polyphonic and noise, we introduce the Gated Channel Transform to enhance the residual basic block. This enables the model to capture contextual information, evaluate channel weights, and reduce the interference caused by polyphony and noise. Furthermore, Split Attention is introduced to the model for capturing cross-channel information, which enhances the ability to distinguish the polyphony. Finally, Coordinate Attention is introduced to the model so that the model can focus on both the channel information and spatial location information of sound events. Experiments were conducted on two different datasets, TAU-NIGENS Spatial Sound Events 2020, and TAU-NIGENS Spatial Sound Events 2021. The results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods under multiple polyphonic and noise-directional interference environments and it achieves competitive performance under a single polyphonic environment.

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ К ФЛОРЕ ДИАТОМОВЫХ ВОДОРОСЛЕЙ (BACILLARIOPHYTA) ЗАПОВЕДНИКА «БАСТАК»

The article provides new information concerning the composition of diatoms at the Bastak State Nature Reserve. Previously, in the published collective monograph materials, the diatom (Bacillariophyta) section contained 204 species (together with varieties and forms) were identified. The search was conducted in Lake Zabelovskoye, the rivers of Zabelovkaya, Losiny Klyuch, Glinyanka, Bastak, Maly Sorennak, two of the Amur channels (Krestovaya and Chertovaya), unnamed lake in the valley of the Losiny Klyuch river, and a swampy reservoir at the Glinyanka river mouth. The author provides an annotated list of detected taxa, indicating the location, collection time, and frequency of occurrence. The genera Gomphonema, which includes 13 species, and that of Pinnularia,10 species, are characterized by the greatest species diversity. We have discovered a number of interesting and rare alga species, characterized by unique ecological features and limited distribution. They are: Eunotia circumborealis Lange-Bertalot et Nörpel, E. zygodon Ehrenberg, Caloneis pulchra Messikommer, Cavinula pusio (Cleve) Lange-Bertalot, Gomphonema elongatum W. Smith, Gomphosphenia grovei var. lingulata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot, as well as some representatives of the genus Pinnularia: P. eifelana (Krammer) Krammer, P. erratica Krammer, P. turbulenta (A. Cleve) Krammer. We have found 4 taxa new to the territory of the Russian Far East: Cymbopleura subaequalis (Grunow) Krammer, Gomphonema gracile f. turris Hustedt, Hippodonta subcostulata (Hustedt) Lange-Bertalot, Metzeltin et Witkowski, Placoneis cuneata (Möller ex Foged) Potapova. Apparently, the species diversity of the diatom flora is connected with diverse ecological conditions in a large number of water bodies.

Bullying victimization and associated factors among schoolchildren in a city in the south of Brazil

The objective was to assess the prevalence of bullying victimization and associated factors among adolescents in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted with 795 ninth grade students from 25 urban municipal schools linked to the School Health Program. Bullying was assessed using questions that addressed the occurrence, frequency, location, type of violence suffered and how much it bothers the victims. Gross and adjusted analyses were performed by Poisson regression. Approximately 71% of the students reported having suffered bullying, and school was the location of greatest occurrence (86.7%). Among the types of aggression suffered, "nicknames" was the most recurrent complaint (88.4%), followed by exclusion or isolation (26.6%). Victimization was more frequent among girls (PR 1.13; 95%CI 1.02-1.27), students with non-white skin color/race (PR 1.16; 95%CI 1.05-1.29), who have already tried tobacco (PR 1.14; 95%CI 1.03-1.27), dissatisfied (PR 1.42; 95%CI 1.27-1.58) or indifferent (PR 1.21; 95%CI 1.02-1.43) about their bodies, and who were overweight (PR 1.15; 95%CI 1.04-1.27). The results show that bullying is a frequent practice in the school environment, pointing to the need for educational practices aimed at reducing and preventing this type of violence.

Probabilistic Convective Initiation Nowcasting Using Himawari-8 AHI with Explainable Deep Learning Models

Abstract Convective initiation (CI) nowcasting is crucial for reducing loss of human life and property caused by severe convective weather. A novel deep learning method based on the U-Net model (named as CIUnet) was developed for forecasting CI during the warm season with eight interest fields of Himawari-8 Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) and terrain height. The results showed that the CIUnet model produced probability forecasts of CI occurrence location and time with probability of detection (POD) at 93.3% ± 0.3% and false alarm ratio (FAR) at 18.3% ± 0.4% at a lead time of 30 min. Sensitivity and permutation importance experiments on the input fields of the CIUnet model revealed that the differences in brightness temperature for spectral channels were more critical for CI nowcasts than the original infrared channel brightness temperatures. The brightness temperature difference between band 10 (7.3 μm) and band 13 (10.4 μm), which represents the cloud-top height relative to the lower troposphere, is identified as the most important input fields for CI nowcasting. The tri-spectral brightness temperature difference (TTD), which represents cloud-top glaciation, is ranked the second and it significantly reduced the FAR of the CI forecast. Using terrain heights as an extra input feature improved the POD, but slightly overestimated CI over complex terrain. In addition, a layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) analyses was performed, and confirmed that the CIUnet model can effectively identify the crucial regions and features of the input fields for accurate CI prediction. Therefore, both permutation importance experiments and LPR analyses are useful for improving the CIUnet model and advancing the understanding of CI mechanisms.

Catasetum queirozii (Orchidaceae: Catasetinae): uma nova espécie da Amazônia brasileira

ABSTRACT This study presents a new orchid species of the genus Catasetum belonging to the group of species with symmetrical and parallel antennae. It was found in terra-firme and floodplain forests in the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Pará. We provide a formal description of the new species, images, and notes on distribution, habitat, phenology, flower visitors and preliminary conservation status. We compare it with C. cristatum and C. barbatum, both sympatric and morphologically most similar to the new species. It was preliminarily classified in the Endangered (EN) category according to IUCN criteria based on the extent of occurrence, area of occupation, number of occurrence locations and the risks that the known populations are exposed to (deforestation and predatory collection).

Prevalence of female genital tract disorders of ovaries and fallopian tubes in one-humped camels in Maiduguri, Nigeria using abattoir samples

The present study examined a total of one hundred and fifty (150) genital tracts of female dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Maiduguri abattoir for ovarian and fallopian tube disorders and different pathological lesions recorded were 27 cases, equivalent to 18.0% prevalence. Assessment and measurement of the genital tracts identified obvious gross lesions based on appearances, type of lesion, location and frequency of occurrence. Luteal cysts, catarrhal salphingitis, hemorrhagic cyst, ovarian hydro-bursitis and suspected case of granulosa cell tumour were detected. Follicular tube cysts both as unilateral and bilateral and as singles or multiples were also detected. Four of the cysts were observed on the left ovary, one on the right ovary and a multifocal was observed on both ovaries. The luteal cysts were thick walled. The luteal cysts were mostly seen in the left ovary representing 12 of the 16 cases while the remaining 4 cases were associated with the right ovary. A case of hemorrhagic cyst was recorded. Ovarian hydro-bursitis was recorded as a single case. A suspected granulosa cell tumor was observed in the left ovary. The study affirmed that ovarian and fallopian tube abnormalities are common findings in one-humped female camels although camels can withstand lots of stress associated with infectious and non-infectious diseases. These pathologies are possible causes of reduced fertility in one-humped camel in the study area.

Genetic model of tabular orebody in Nalinggou uranium deposit, Ordos Basin: Constraint from clay minerals studies

Significant advancements have been achieved in the field of Uranium (U) exploration within the Ordos Basin. As a result, a sequence of U deposits characterized by tabular orebodies has been successfully identified. Extensive research has been conducted by scholars on the morphological characteristics, occurrence location, and control factors of the tabular orebody. However, a comprehensive understanding of its genesis and specific formation process remains elusive. Samples of sandstone from various geochemical zones in the Nalinggou U deposit were gathered for the purpose of microscopic observation, electron probe analysis, scanning electron microscopy, clay X-ray diffraction, and U elements analysis. Coffinite often occurs on the surface of particles and in association with other adsorbents such as organic matter, clay minerals, and titanium oxide, indicating strongly that sequential adsorption-reduction could be involved in the formation of U minerals. The clay minerals found in ore-bearing layers exhibit distinct characteristics. Specifically, there is a noticeable boundary between the content of kaolinite in the paleo-oxidation zone and the ore zone. This boundary aligns with the abrupt change in U content, indicating a consistent pattern. Moreover, the ore-bearing layer has undergone multiple stages of fluid transformation. These stages include the early U-bearing oxidizing meteoric precipitation and organic acidic fluids, as well as the late basin brine containing hydrocarbon. The formation of the tabular orebody can be attributed to the prolonged and stable interaction between weakly alkaline U-bearing oxidizing meteoric precipitation and the organic acidic fluid migrating towards the discharge area. This interaction leads to sequential adsorption-reduction processes, which occur due to the decrease in pH and the presence of reducing agents. These processes are responsible for the production of U mineralization on the interface where the two fluids interact. U metallogenic model of the tabular orebody in U deposits in the northern Ordos basin was established. This study presents an analysis of the metallogenic mechanism and evidence of fluids interaction interface for the tabular orebody. The findings of this study can be utilized as exploration guides for sandstone-type U deposits in the central-eastern basins of China

Landslide hazard spatiotemporal prediction based on data-driven models: Estimating where, when and how large landslide may be

The geoscientific community primarily focuses on predicting where landslides are likely to occur through data-driven susceptibility models. Recently, few researchers have turned to statistical estimation of landslide planimetric area within a given terrain unit and exploration of the spatiotemporal distribution of landslide occurrence. However, these data-driven approaches cannot fulfill the commonly accepted definition of landslide hazard and cannot predict the location, time/frequency, and magnitude of landslide occurrence simultaneously. This study proposes a unified and data-driven framework for landslide hazard spatiotemporal modeling, enabling dynamic and probabilistic estimation of landslide occurrence within a given slope unit at a specific time period and for a specific landslide magnitude. This framework not only involves static and dynamic factors in modelling, but also considers spatial and temporal interactions to explore the spatiotemporal variation effects of landslide hazard. We test this framework on the main island of Taiwan with a multi-temporal landslide inventory from 2004 to 2018. Specifically, this framework assumes that the occurrence and size of landslides spatiotemporally follows a binomial and a Log-Gaussian distribution, respectively, and then uses generalized additive models to achieve the estimation of landslide hazard probability. Finally, the performance is validated by a spatiotemporal leave-one-out cross-validation scheme. We believe that this framework will lay the foundation for the community to estimate landslide hazard in a unified and probabilistic data-driven prototype. We envision it could lead to studies of dynamic hazard responses to climate change.

MaxEnt model strategies to studying current and future potential land suitability dynamics of wheat, soybean and rice cultivation under climatic change scenarios in East Asia.

Climate change and variability are projected to alter the geographic suitability of lands for crops cultivation. Accurately predicting changes in the potential current and future land suitability distribution dynamics of wheat (Triticum aestivum), soybean (Glycine max) and rice (Oryza sativa) crops due to climate change scenarios is critical to adapting and mitigating the impacts of bioclimatic changes, and plays a significant role in securing food security in East Asia region. This study compiled large datasets of wheat, soybean and rice occurrence locations from GBIF and 19 bioclimatic variables obtained from the WorldClim database that affect crops growth. We recognized potential future suitable distribution regions for crops under the one socioeconomic pathway, (SSP585) for 2021-2040 and 2041-2060, using the MaxEnt model. The accuracy of the MaxEnt was highly significant with mean AUC values ranging from 0.833 to 0.882 for all models evaluated. The jackknife test revealed that for wheat, Bio4 and Bio12 contributed 17.6% and 12.6%, for soybean Bio10 and Bio12 contributed 15.6% and 49.5%, while for rice Bio12 and Bio14 contributed 12.9% and 36.0% to the MaxEnt model. In addition, cultivation aptitude for wheat, soybean, and rice increased in southeast China, North Korea, South Korea, and Japan, while decreasing in Mongolia and northwest China. Climate change is expected to increase the high land suitability for wheat, soybean, and rice in East Asia. Simulation results indicate an average decrease of unsuitable areas of -98.5%, -41.2% and -36.3% for wheat, soybean and rice from 2060 than that of current land suitability. In contrast, the high land suitable for wheat, soybean and rice cultivation is projected to increase by 75.1%, 68.5% and 81.9% from 2060 as compared with current. The findings of this study are of utmost importance in the East Asia region as they present an opportunity for policy makers to develop appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies required to sustain crops distribution under future climates. Although the risks of wheat, soybean and rice cultivation may be significantly higher in the future because of high temperatures, heat waves, and droughts caused by climate change.

Prediction of critical heat flux and position in narrow rectangular channels using deep feed-forward neural networks coupling with empirical correlations

The critical heat flux (CHF) is a crucial thermo-hydraulic parameter or phenomenon in boiling heat transfer in many industry applications. For a long narrow rectangular channel, a fundamental heat transfer unit in the nuclear industry, the CHF is hard to measure and predict owing to the large aspect ratio (>1000) in geometry. Current technologies can only predict the value of CHF. Still, they cannot predict where the CHF occurs (the positions occurring dry out in narrow rectangular channels) in the large aspect ratio narrow rectangular channel. In this study, we establish a nonlinear relationship between CHF values and their specific occurrence locations under various operating conditions (various inlet mass flow rate, inlet temperature, wall heat flux density) using deep feed-forward neural networks (DFNN) coupled with CHF empirical correlations. Compared with the traditional empirical correlation method and the neural networks (NN) method, the new proposed method can predict both the value of CHF and the specific location where the CHF occurs. By inducing the empirical correlations into the neural networks, the prediction error decreases from 10% to 5% compared to the traditional NN methods. This work aims to provide a predictable and controllable strategy for CHF in narrow rectangular channels.

Permian Granitic Plutons from the Northern Margin of the North China Craton: Implications for the Tectonic Evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt

As the world’s largest accretionary orogen, the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) underwent continuous juvenile crustal growth in the Phanerozoic. The northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) and its adjacent area form the eastern segment of the CAOB, which is a key area for learning about the geological evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). In the Permian, the west of the northern margin of the NCC was a post-collision extensional environment, while the east was in a subduction stage. As a connecting area, the Permian evolution of the PAO in the middle of the northern margin of the NCC has not been systematically studied. In order to fill the gap and understand the continuous temporal and spatial evolutionary process of the PAO, this paper focuses on the Permian granitic rocks in the Chifeng area. Zircon U-Pb dating and the geochemical analysis of whole-rock major and trace elements were conducted to build a granite chronological framework, and to discuss the genesis and tectonic background of the granitic rocks, along with tectono-magmatic evolutionary history in the Chifeng area. The respective LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results from eight samples are 269 ± 1, 268 ± 3, 260 ± 4, 260 ± 1, 260 ± 1, 255 ± 2, 254 ± 2 and 256 ± 1 Ma, respectively. These results, combined with previous data, revealed that the Permian granitic rocks had undergone three events of magmatism: (1) monzogranitic-syenitic phase (294–284 Ma; Cisuralian); (2) monzogranitic phase (269–260 Ma; Guadalupian) and (3) late monzogranitic-syenitic phase (256–254 Ma; Lopingian). From the Early Permian (294–284 Ma) to the Middle Permian (269–260 Ma), granites with fine-medium-grained locally porphyritic texture and massive structure showed a high-potassium calc-alkaline series formed in a compressional setting, indicating a continuous collision between the Xing’an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt (XMOB) and the NCC. During the Late Permian-Early Triassic (256–248 Ma), granites with massive structure and medium-grained texture in the Chifeng area were magmatism dominated by A- and I-type granites of high-potassium calc-alkaline series, combined with the coeval basic rocks, which constituted a typical “bimodal” rock assemblage. This suggests that the Chifeng area was located in an extensional setting where the subducting slab broke off during the collision between the XMOB and NCC. These granitic plutons from the Permian are believed to have been generated by the subduction-collision of the Paleo-Asian oceanic crust beneath the NCC, according to emplacement time and occurrence location. Our findings provide strong evidence for Permian continuous temporal and spatial tectonic evolution and the characterization of the eventual closure of the PAO in Chifeng area at the northern margin of the NCC.

New deposit of chocolate flint in Załęże gully (Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland) – Raw material characterization and its availability for prehistoric communities

One of the valued chert raw materials used by prehistoric communities in Central and Eastern Europe was chocolate flint. Despite finding artefacts made of it over a wide area, for many years, it was thought to occur only in one location - in the Holy Cross Mountains in Poland. However, the discoveries of recent years have shown that deposits of this raw material also occur in another region of Poland, in the northern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (KCU). The result of intensive field surveys conducted in this area is the finding of a new outcrop of chocolate flint in Załęże gully (Lesser Poland voivodeship) described in this paper. Based on the results obtained from the radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating of sediments co-occurring with the flint deposit, a history of the paleogeographic development of this gully has been proposed. Access to the deposit in its present form is limited to modern times, but it was likely accessible elsewhere in this area. Macroscopic and microscopic (using optical and cathodoluminescence microscopy) examinations showed a high similarity with the material of other KCU provenance from the prehistoric mine in Poręba Dzierżna, site 24. In the vicinity of Załęże gully there are many archaeological sites where chocolate flint artefacts were found. Preliminary research suggests that they could have been made from the raw material from the newly discovered outcrop. The new location of chocolate flint occurrence in the KCU region described here is another premise to re-think the existing interpretations related to the extraction, use and distribution of this important chert raw material in prehistoric times in Central and Eastern Europe.

Structural Response Analysis for Multi-Linked Floating Offshore Structure Based on Fluid–Structure Coupled Analysis

Recently, offshore structures for eco-friendly energy, such as wind and solar power, have been developed to address the problem of insufficient land space; in the case of energy generation, they are designed on a considerable scale. Therefore, the scalability of offshore structures is crucial. The Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO) developed multi-linked floating offshore structures composed of floating bodies and connection beams for floating photovoltaic systems. Large-scale floating photovoltaic systems are mainly designed in a manner that expands through the connection between modules and demonstrates a difference in structural response with connection conditions. A fluid–structure coupled analysis was performed for the multi-linked floating offshore structures. First, the wave load acting on the multi-linked offshore floating structures was calculated through wave load analysis for various wave load conditions. The response amplitude operators (RAOs) for the motions and structural response of the unit structure were calculated by performing finite element analysis. The effects of connection conditions were analyzed through comparative studies of RAOs and the response’s maximum magnitude and occurrence location. Hence, comparing the cases of a hinge connection affecting heave and pitch motions and a fixed connection, the maximum bending stress of the structure decreased by approximately 2.5 times, while the mooring tension increased by approximately 20%, confirmed to be the largest change in bending stress and mooring tension compared to fixed connection. Therefore, the change in structural response according to connection condition makes it possible to design a higher structural safety of the structural member through the hinge connection in the construction of a large-scale multi-linked floating offshore structure for large-scale photovoltaic systems in which some unit structures are connected. However, considering the tension of the mooring line increases, a safety evaluation of the mooring line must be performed.

Characteristics of carbon dioxide fracturing in comparison to conventional water hydraulic fracturing: Evidence from acoustic emission monitoring of small-scale field experiments

We conducted small-scale field hydraulic fracturing (HF) experiments using carbon dioxide (CO2) and water as fracturing fluids. A hole was drilled 10–14 m below the tunnel floor into hot granitic rock whose temperature can form CO2 supercritical state at HF pressure. Under the same injection rate of 10 mL/min, the volume of the acoustic emission (AE) hypocenter distribution induced by CO2 HF was approximately 27 times larger than that induced by water HF. In addition, when evaluating injectivity improvement through Injecting/Fall-Off Tests (IFOTs) using gaseous CO2 and water before and after CO2 HF and water HF, respectively, the injectivity of rock around the HF hole was improved by around 400 times larger by CO2 HF in comparison to a few times larger by water HF. The results suggest that CO2 HF can stimulate a much larger region and improve injectivity much more than water HF. In contrast, it has more possibility of leaking injected fluid through the stimulated region. On the other hand, when comparing the focal mechanisms of AE events in both CO2 HF and water HF with their occurrence times and locations, we found a tendency for tensile-dominant events to occur in intact rock, in contrast, shear-dominant events occur with a linkage between cracks, that is, the interaction of cracks. This finding suggests a solution for the paradox of the mechanism of HF in which shear events dominate in AE monitoring in actual production fields where there are various discontinuities and cracks, although the elastic theory expects tensile fractures.

Estimating the period of probable landslide event using advanced D-InSAR technique for time-series deformation study of Kotrupi region

Himalayan region is prone to landslides and every year many landslides occur. Some of these events are reported while, many of these landslides are not reported due to their remote location of occurrence, or nature of impact, and its date of occurrence is also unknown. This study tries to find a method to estimate the probable dates of landslide occurrences using time-series deformation analysis applying advanced DInSAR approach by adopting a short temporal baseline graph. We used 118 Sentinel 1-A SLC images to identify the nature, pattern, and trends of landslide deformation. Based on the time series cumulative deformation values, we found a ‘V’-shaped kink that matches with the landslide events. Such kinks were observed around 12 June 2015, 25 May 2016, 05 August 2016, 23 June 2017, 15 September 2019, 27 May 2018, 08 June 2018, and 15 July 2020. The majority of these kinks are visible during monsoon season which is expected. High-resolution Planet satellite data around these time ranges were used to verify the existence of new landslides. Moreover, the performance is evaluated using AUC-ROC, precision, recall; and F-Score. This approach has good prediction capabilities with the precision of 87%, AUC-ROC of 77% and F-score of 74%.

Investigating multiscale meteorological controls and impact of soil moisture heterogeneity on radiation fog in complex terrain using semi-idealised simulations

Abstract. Coupled surface–atmosphere high-resolution mesoscale simulations were carried out to understand meteorological processes involved in the radiation fog life cycle in a city surrounded by complex terrain. The controls of mesoscale meteorology and microscale soil moisture heterogeneity on fog were investigated using case studies for the city of Ōtautahi / Christchurch, New Zealand. Numerical model simulations from the synoptic to microscale were carried out using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and the Parallelised Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM). Heterogeneous soil moisture, land use, and topography were included. The spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture was derived using Landsat 8 satellite imagery and ground-based meteorological observations. Nine semi-idealised simulations were carried out under identical meteorological conditions. One contained homogeneous soil moisture of about 0.31 m3 m−3, with two other simulations of halved and doubled soil moisture to demonstrate the range of soil moisture impact. Another contained heterogeneous soil moisture derived from Landsat 8 imagery. For the other five simulations, the soil moisture heterogeneity magnitudes were amplified following the observed spatial distribution to aid our understanding of the impact of soil moisture heterogeneity. Analysis using pseudo-process diagrams and accumulated latent heat flux shows significant spatial heterogeneity of processes involved in the simulated fog. Our results showed that soil moisture heterogeneity did not significantly change the general spatial structure of near-surface fog occurrence, even when the heterogeneity signal was amplified and/or when the soil moisture was halved and doubled. However, compared to homogeneous soil moisture, spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture can lead to changes in fog duration. These changes can be more than 50 min, although they are not directly correlated with spatial variations in soil moisture. The simulations showed that the mesoscale (10 to 200 km) meteorology controls the location of fog occurrence, while soil moisture heterogeneity alters fog duration at the microscale on the order of 100 m to 1 km. Our results highlight the importance of including soil moisture heterogeneity for accurate spatiotemporal fog forecasting.

Prediction Models for Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Patients with Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal.

Prediction models for the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in patients with cardiac arrest play an important role in helping physicians evaluate the survival probability and providing medical decision-making reference. Although relevant models have been developed, their methodological rigor and model applicability are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to summarize the evidence for ROSC prediction models and provide a reference for the development, validation, and application of ROSC prediction models. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Elsevier, Web of Science, SpringerLink, Ovid, CNKI, Wanfang, and SinoMed were systematically searched for studies on ROSC prediction models. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to August 30, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted the data. The PROBAST was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. A total of 8 relevant prediction models were included, and 6 models reported the AUC of 0.662-0.830 in the modeling population, which showed good overall applicability but high risk of bias. The main reasons were improper handling of missing values and variable screening, lack of external validation of the model, and insufficient information of overfitting. Age, gender, etiology, initial heart rhythm, EMS arrival time/BLS intervention time, location, bystander CPR, witnessed during sudden arrest, and ACLS duration/compression duration were the most commonly included predictors. Obvious chest injury, body temperature below 33°C, and possible etiologies were predictive factors for ROSC failure in patients with TOHCA. Age, gender, initial heart rhythm, reason for the hospital visit, length of hospital stay, and the location of occurrence in hospital were the predictors of ROSC in IHCA patients. The performance of current ROSC prediction models varies greatly and has a high risk of bias, which should be selected with caution. Future studies can further optimize and externally validate the existing models.

Impact of diabetes itself and glycemic control status on tuberculosis.

To explore the impact of diabetes itself and glycemic control status on tuberculosis (TB). A total of 3393 patients with TB and diabetes mellitus (DM) who were hospitalized in the Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2021, were retrospectively included and divided into three groups according to baseline glycemic control status: two groups according to glycemic status at discharge, two groups according to cavity occurrence, three groups according to sputum results, and three groups according to lesion location. The influencing factors and the differences in cavity occurrence, sputum positivity and lesion location among different glycemic control groups or between different glycemic status groups were analyzed. In this TB with DM cohort, most of the subjects were male, with a male to female ratio of 4.54:1, most of them were 45-59 years old, with an average age of 57.44 ± 13.22 years old. Among them, 16.8% (569/3393) had cavities, 52.2% (1770/3393) were sputum positive, 30.4% (1030/3393) had simple intrapulmonary lesions, 68.1% (2311/3393) had both intra and extrapulmonary lesions, only 15.8% (537/3393) had good glycemic control,16.0% (542/3393) and 68.2% (2314/3393) had fair and poor glycemic control, respectively. Compared with the non-cavity group, the sputum-negative group and the extrapulmonary lesion group, the cavity group, sputum-positive group, intrapulmonary lesion group and the intra and extrapulmonary lesion group all had higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated hemoglobin A 1c (HbA1c) and lower good glycemic control rates at admission (all P<0.001). Another aspect, compared with the good glycemic control group, the poor glycemic control group had a higher cavity occurrence rate, sputum positive rate, and greater proportion of intrapulmonary lesions. Moreover, FPG and HbA1c levels and poor glycemic control were significantly positively correlated with cavity occurrence, sputum positivity, and intrapulmonary lesions and were the main risk factors for TB disease progression. On the other hand, cavity occurrence, sputum positivity, and intrapulmonary lesions were also main risk factors for hyperglycemia and poor glycemic control. Diabetes itself and glycemic control status could impact TB disease. Good glycemic control throughout the whole process is necessary for patients with TB and DM to reduce cavity occurrence and promote sputum negative conversion and lesion absorption.

Abstract 16956: Historical Neighborhood Redlining and Bystander CPR Disparities in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with low survival rates. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is essential for improving outcomes, but its utilization remains limited, particularly among racial and ethnic minorities. Historical redlining, a practice that classified neighborhoods for mortgage risk in the 1930s, may have lasting implications for social and health outcomes. Hypothesis: This study sought to investigate the influence of redlining on the provision of bystander CPR during witnessed OHCA. Methods: We conducted an analysis using data from the comprehensive Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (CARES), encompassing 736,066 non-traumatic OHCA cases across the United States. The Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) map shapefiles were utilized to categorize census tracts of arrests into four grades (A signifying “best”, B “still desirable”, C “declining”, and D “hazardous”). Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression models were employed to predict the likelihood of CPR provision, adjusting for various factors including age, sex, race/ethnicity, arrest location, calendar year, and state of occurrence. Additionally, we accounted for the percentage of Black residents and residents below the poverty level. Results: Among the 43,186 witnessed cases of OHCA in graded HOLC census tracts, 37.2% received bystander CPR. The rates of bystander CPR exhibited a gradual decline across HOLC grades, ranging from 41.8% in HOLC grade A to 35.8% in HOLC grade D. In fully adjusted model, we observed significantly lower odds of receiving bystander CPR in HOLC grades C (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98, p=0.016) and D (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95, p=0.002) compared to HOLC grade A (Figure). Conclusions: Redlining, a historical segregation practice, is associated with reduced contemporary rates of bystander CPR during OHCA. Targeted CPR training in redlined neighborhoods may be imperative to enhance survival outcomes.

Hysteretic behaviors of square hollow column-truss beam-diagonal brace connections in steel buildings

This paper presents a novel square hollow column-truss beam connections incorporating diagonal braces, aimed at enabling accurate and efficient onsite assembly of modular, multi-story, and high-rise prefabricated steel structures. The hysteretic behavior of these connections was assessed through experimental study of ten cross-shaped specimens. Based on the experimental study, the load-displacement curve, ultimate bearing capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity were carefully examined. The test results show that with different combinations of critical components, three distinct failure modes including beam, column, and diagonal brace failure were demonstrated. For specimens without diagonal braces, the dominating failures were concentrated either on the beam or the column regions, and the hysteretic behavior of specimens with beam failure mode was superior than that of specimens with column failure mode. With incorporation of the diagonal braces in the connections, the failure region of specimens was shifted from the truss beam or the column to the braces, and the stiffness and load capacity of the connection were significantly improved. In addition, finite element model was established, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation results was verified by test results. Finally, based on the experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) results, the strategy for controlling the occurrence location and sequence of critical damage of such connections were proposed.