Location Of Line Research Articles

Investigation of the Filling of a Spherical Pore Body with a Nonwetting Fluid: A Modeling Approach and Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of the filling process of a pore body with a nonwetting fluid is important in the context of dynamic pore network models and others. It can justify many of the assumptions behind the different rules that describe how the network behaves during imbibition and drainage processes. It also provides insight into the different regimes pertinent to this system. The filling process starts with the contact line pinning at the pore entrance. Three regimes can be identified during the filling process that is related to how the contact line advances. In the first two regimes, the contact line pins at the pore entrance while the emerging droplet develops, and in the third one, the contact line departs the entrance of the pore and advances along the pore surface. During the first regime, which is brief, the curvature of the meniscus increases, and likewise, the corresponding capillary pressure, while in the other two regimes, the curvature decreases and so does the capillary pressure. Such behavior results in the rate at which the nonwetting fluid invades the pore to change. It initially decreases, then increases as the meniscus advances. The radius of curvature of the meniscus, eventually, increases to infinity for which the interface assumes a flat configuration. A one-dimensional modeling approach is developed that accounts for all these regimes. The model also considers the two immiscible fluids over a wide spectrum of contrast in viscosity. Information about the mean velocity of the invading fluid, the location of the contact line, the radius of curvature of the meniscus, the volume of the emerging droplet, and several others are among the details that the model provides. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has also been considered to confirm the proposed fates of the interface and to provide a framework for comparisons. The results of the validation process show, generally, a very good match between the model and the CFD analysis.

Fracture Lines and Patterns in Intra-articular Distal Femur Fractures.

Distal femur fractures are complex injuries that often present with multiple fragments, posing notable challenges to fixation. This study aimed to (1) use preoperative CT scans to graphically display fracture lines in intra-articular distal femur fractures and (2) identify common fracture patterns in these injuries. All skeletally mature patients that underwent surgical fixation of Orthopaedic Trauma Association type 33C distal femur fractures between 2012 and 2022 were identified across two level 1 trauma centers (n = 63). Preoperative axial, sagittal, and coronal computed tomography scans were obtained. Fracture lines in each plane were traced out and superimposed on standardized distal femur cross-sections, generating a fracture map for each plane. Injury and fracture characteristics were summarized and compared between fracture patterns. On axial scans, 59 of 63 fractures contained a central intercondylar split from the intercondylar notch to the trochlea. On coronal scans, fracture lines originated at the notch and exited laterally and medially in the supracondylar region, creating a Y-shape. One-third of all fractures contained coronal fracture lines, with most involving the lateral condyle. Based on fracture line orientation and location, fractures were divided into four main fracture pattern types. Type 4 fractures (central split and medial coronal fracture line) were associated with lower average medial fracture height and a lower rate of medial metaphyseal comminution. We found that C-type distal femur fractures can present with four main fracture patterns. Most fractures contain a central sagittal intercondylar split, and a high proportion of fractures contain either medial or lateral coronal fracture lines. Fracture pattern was associated with mechanism of injury, presence of medial comminution, and medial fracture line height. Future studies should focus on clinical outcomes and surgical management of these distinct fracture patterns. IV.

CT scan-based 3D fracture mapping in civilian gunshot intracapsular fractures of the femur neck.

IntroductionDisplaced intracapsular neck of femur (NOF) fractures secondary to civilian gunshots are rare injuries with universally poor outcomes following surgical fixation. No studies have been published on fracture mapping in NOF fractures secondary to civilian gunshots. ObjectivesWe performed CT scan-based fracture mapping to identify the most common fracture patterns in these injuries. MethodsDesign: Retrospective search of prospectively collected data. Setting: Single Level 1 Trauma hospital. Patient selection criteria: All patients presenting with gunshot fractures to the femur neck between 01 January 2009 and 31 December 2022 were identified. Once identified from Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), computed tomography (CT) scans in Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) format were imported into Mimics 16 software and fracture fragments were segmented and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction was generated. The reduced fractures were exported to 3-Matic software to merge the fragments and adjust the orientation in three planes. An uninjured femur model was used as a template for reduction. Fracture lines and heat maps were then generated. Our outcome measures were successful mapping of the identified fracture lines. ResultsA total of 25 intracapsular femur neck fractures were identified and suitable for CT scan mapping. All patients were male with an average age of 22 (range 18-32). Once generated, fracture maps were used to show the location, distribution and frequency of the fracture lines. In all but two cases the fracture line propagation remained within the confines of the hip joint capsule. In three cases there was fracture extension into the superior aspect of the femur head, and in one case extension into the inferior aspect. ConclusionThis is the first study to perform 3D fracture mapping for intracapsular femur neck fractures secondary to civilian gunshot injuries. The exercise has helped us better understand the commonest fracture patterns and assisted us with surgical planning and execution.

Cone‐beam computed tomography‐based descriptive classification for transverse root fracture

AbstractTransverse root fracture (TRF) is classified as a cervical, middle or apical third root fracture on a periapical radiograph. The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) suggests that cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) should be considered, when conventional radiographs provide ‘insufficient’ information for diagnosis and treatment planning. Considering that CBCT can divulge additional information, it would be beneficial to have a clinically pertinent three‐dimensional classification for TRF. The proposed alphanumeric classification includes the traumatised tooth number, describes the number of TRF, the facial and lingual location of each fracture line on the anatomic root, and its position relative to the crest of the alveolar bone. Further, diastasis, displacement of the coronal fragment and status of the alveolar bone at the site of TRF are also documented. This comprehensive classification system would provide a standard format for reporting, aid in referral communication and can be applied for future outcome studies on TRF.

Location of the neutron drip line for Sn and its impact on r-process abundances

Nuclear physical inputs are critical for predicting the abundance of r-process elements. Extensive sensitivity studies have recently been performed to gauge the impact of the individual properties of nuclei on the r-process. In this work, we investigate the impact of the large uncertainties in the theoretical predictions of the masses of neutron-rich Sn isotopes and the location of the neutron drip line on the abundance of r-process abundances. The uncertainties in the predicted r-process abundances are obtained through large-scale network calculations by simultaneously varying the masses and reaction rates of Sn within the predicted mass uncertainties. The calculations use a generally indicative astrophysical trajectory of neutron-star mergers and are based on three different mass models. The results indicate that the large uncertainty in the location of the neutron drip line for Sn can significantly and asymmetrically affect the predicted abundances of nuclei after the second peak, in particular around A=140−155, sometimes accompanied by a delayed freeze-out.

Sequential Data-Based Fault Location for Single-Line-to-Ground Fault in a T-Connection Power Line

Due to the demand for temporary rapid grid connection in renewable energy power plants, the topology structure of T-connected power lines has been widely used in the power grid. In this three-terminal system, fault localization is difficult because of traditional impedance-based or traveling wave-based fault localization methods; the three-terminal data should be synchronized and communicated. Since different terminal assets belong to different enterprises, it is actually difficult to maintain good synchronization between them. Therefore, in practical applications, the fault location of T-connected power lines often fails. This article proposes a single terminal fault location method for a T-connection power line to address this issue. It is based on the fact that the local topology of the T-connected power line in the healthy phase remains unchanged during the fault-clearing process. It utilizes the sequential current and voltage data changes generated by the sequential tripping ping emitted by the circuit breaker from different terminals to describe the constant topology of the healthy phase as an equation and calculates the accurate fault location after solving the equation. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm was used to calculate fault distance and transition resistance, and the effectiveness of this method was verified through simulation.

On the number of limit cycles in piecewise smooth generalized Abel equations with many separation lines

This paper investigates generalized Abel equations of the form dx/dθ=A(θ)xp+B(θ)xq, where p, q∈Z≥2, p≠q, and A(θ) and B(θ) are piecewise trigonometrical polynomials of degree m with n−1∈N+ separation lines 0<θ1<θ2<⋯<θn−1<2π. The main objective is to obtain the maximum number of non-zero limit cycles (i.e., non-zero isolated periodic solutions) that the equation can have, denoted by Hθ1,θ2,…,θn−1(m), and to analyze how the number and location of separation lines {θi}i=1n−1 affect Hθ1,θ2,…,θn−1(m). By using the theories of Melnikov functions and ECT-systems, we obtain lower bounds for Hθ1,θ2,…,θn−1(m). Our result extend those of Huang et al. who studied the special case of n=2, and reveal that the lower bounds decrease in the presence of pairs of symmetrical separation lines.

P‐7: A High Resolution Design Methodology for Organic Photo Diode Sensor Integration

In order for OPD to be integrated into the panel, high‐resolution design technology is required. The DSE makes various placements by changing the location and rotation of signal lines and devices, and makes optimal routing. We propose in order to reduce searching time and parasitic capacitance, the search priority is adjusted by high resolution predict models. In addition, a routing model is proposed to avoid congestion of routes and to search for a routing that minimizes overlapping areas between signal lines. Therefore, it is possible to find a layout that can reduce design areas by various placements and routes.

Thermal structure of circumbinary discs: Circumbinary planets should be icy, not rocky

The process of forming a circumbinary planet is thought to be intimately related to the structure of the nascent circumbinary disc. It has been shown that the structure of a circumbinary disc depends strongly on three-dimensional effects and on detailed modelling of the thermodynamics. Here, we employ three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations, combined with a proper treatment of the thermal physics using the RADMC-3D radiation transport code, to examine the location of the snow line in circumbinary discs. The models have application to the circumbinary planets that have been discovered in recent years by the Kepler and TESS transit surveys. We find that the snow line is located in a narrow region of the circumbinary disc, close to the inner cavity that is carved out by the central binary, at typical orbital distances of ~ 1.5–2 au for the system parameters considered. In this region, previous work has shown that both grain growth and pebble accretion are likely to be inefficient because of the presence of hydrodynamical turbulence. Hence, in situ planet formation interior to the snow line is unlikely to occur and circumbinary planets should preferentially be icy, not rocky.

Fault location of transmission lines by wavelet packet decomposition based on SSSC and EMD

Fault location of transmission lines by wavelet packet decomposition based on SSSC and EMD

Distribution network insulator detection based on improved ant colony algorithm and deep learning for UAV

Distribution network insulator detection based on improved ant colony algorithm and deep learning for UAV

Research on process parameter optimization of irregular coal face.

Based on the engineering background of 1353 working face in Daizhuang Coalmine, the paper identifies three primary issues with the working face mining process: conventional pressure relief means are limited, risk of impact and the length of working face changes, It also proposes comprehensive control measures to improve the blasting roof cutting scheme, optimize mining speed and the location of the stopping line. The three improvement measures mentioned above are simulated numerically, and the effects of the drilling and blasting plan, mining speed, and stopping line location on stress distribution are determined. The results show that by implementing the three improvement measures, the stress variation interval can be efficiently controlled and the working face's production safety can be increased. Finally, it is determined that the 1353 working face of Daizhuang Coalmine adopts the pressure relief method of drilling on one side and cutting the roof 20m deep on the other side, and the mining speed of the working face is 3m/day and the length of the stopping line is 85m. Based on the on-site monitoring results, the implementation of comprehensive treatment measures can effectively improve the surrounding rock state of 1353 working face, which has certain guiding significance for the mining of irregular working face.

Analysis on the location of scalp acupuncture lines based on the 2021 version of Standardized Manipulations of Acupuncture and Moxibustion--Part 2： Scalp Acupuncture.

In order to better promote the popularization and application of the national standard of Standardized Manipulations of Acupuncture and Moxibustion--Part 2： Scalp Acupuncture (GB/T 21709.2-2021), and to provide reference for the improvement and formulation of the next version, in the present paper, the differences about the position descriptions of two scalp acupuncture lines Dingnie Qianxiexian (anterior oblique line of vertex-temporal, MS6) and Dingpangxian 1 (lateral line 1 of vertex, MS8) between the new (GB/T 21709.2-2021) and old (GB/T 21709.2-2008) versions of the national standards as well as the International Standard Proposal of Scalp Acupuncture Point were compared, and the disputes still existing in the 2021 version were discussed. Although the 2021 version has made relevant amendments in some controversial or non-standard contents in the 2008 version, there are still some inappropriate contents. Firstly, only the relevant revision in the attached figure 3 was mentioned in the preface, without mention of the word revision about MS6 in both English and Chinese, but actually "Chengguang" (BL6) has been changed to "Tongtian" (BL7). Secondly, The attached figure does not match the word description. There is a revision in the attached figure and text at the same time, in which the text description of Qianding (GV21) of the MS6 has not been revised, but the front Shencong (EX-HN1) in the attached figure has been changed to GV21, which is obviously inconsistent with the positioning of the MS6 according to the WHO international standard, and the basis for the revision is not known. These revisions of the 2021 version of national standard on the position of the two scalp acupoint lines in the 2008 version are inconsistent, which may make many colleagues in the acupuncture field confused. Thus, further revision is necessary.

Anatomical considerations for the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (SICD) implantation: a cadaver-based analysis

Abstract Background Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (SICDs) offer primary and secondary prevention of sudden death without transvenous leads in individuals not requiring pacing therapy. Intermuscular placement of the SICD generator between the latissimus dorsi (LDM) and serratus anterior (SAM) muscles is often recommended. This specific technique results in reduced defibrillation impedance and subsequently optimal defibrillation thresholds, reduced risk of pocket complications and infections, reduced device migration, and enhanced patient comfort and cosmetic outcomes. Despite the recommendation for an intermuscular implant technique utilizing a mid-axillary incision line, there is limited research describing this anatomical space to avoid complications. In this anatomic study, we examined this anatomical space. Our aim was to provide a better understanding of the interplay between the involved muscles and a proper location of an incision line. We also defined the location of the long thoracic nerve (LTN) relative to this space, which if transected, would lead to a winged scapula. Methods We examined 18 cadavers; 12 (66.7%) were female donors and 6 (33.3%) were males. We measured the distance from the anterior border of the LDM in relation to the cadaver back (A) and in relation to the anterior-posterior diameter of the chest (B). We performed these measurements at the 5th and 7th rib levels, and then averaged these measurements. We also measured the distance from the back to where the LTN enters SAM at the 4th, 5th, and 6th ribs. Results Analysis of the obtained data showed that the mean distance from the back to the anterior border of LDM at the 5th rib was 7.55 cm (5.65 – 10.85 cm) and at the 7th rib was 7.60 cm (5.35– 10.35 cm). Mean distance from the back to the anterior LDM border in both 5th and 7th ribs combined was 7.58 cm (5.50 – 1.06 cm). The mean anterior-posterior diameter of the chest wall at the fifth rib was 21.45 cm (18.55 – 24.75 cm). The mean A/B ratio (that is the ratio between the distance from the back to the anterior LDM border in comparison to the anterior-posterior chest diameter) was 0.4 with a standard deviation of +/- 0.1 (range 0.27-0.45). The LTN was running anterior to the LDM border at the 4th rib level, and posterior to the LDM border at the 5th and 6th ribs level. The LTN entered the SAM at the 4th rib level in 6.6%, at the 5th rib in 46.6% and at the 6th rib in 46.6% of cadavers. Discussion Intermuscular technique for S-ICD implantation is recommended as the preferred procedural approach. In our postmortem study, the anterior LDM border was variable but posterior to the mid-axillary line with a variable A/B ratio of 0.27 – 0.45. Our study also demonstrates the proximity of the long thoracic nerve (LTN) in comparison to the anterior LDM border. Caution should be taken when implanting S-ICD devices to avoid LTN injury.

CTFNet: Coarse-to-Fine Segmented Lane Line Detection in Complex Road Conditions

To maintain robustness in complex and uncontrollable real-world driving scenarios, this paper proposes a new segmentation-based coarse-to-fine lane line model (CTFNet). Which embeds dual-pathway attention (DPA) in the coarse segmentation encoder-decoder architecture to fuse high and low-level features with dual inputs, taking the strengths and complementing the weaknesses, and at the same time being able to capture more spatial detail information. However, the extracted lane line cues are limited in extreme conditions. As a result, a feature localization module (FLM) is proposed which extracts the global contextual information of the occluded region along the vertical and horizontal axes and determines lane line location by predicting the confidence of the lane lines based on the extracted information. Additionally, some regions of the initial feature map of the coarse segmentation network are difficult to distinguish between classes, the uncertain region refinement module (URRM) is designed in the fine stage to gradually refine the uncertain pixels using the relationship between adjacent features. Finally, the model is extensively tested on the tvtLANE data set, and the results show that CTFNet outperforms most state-of-the-art methods with an F1-measure of 91.48%, which not only reduces false detection but also maintains good robustness in extremely difficult scenarios.

Research progress in the treatment of distal humeral metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction fracture in children

To summarize the research progress in the treatment of distal humeral metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction (DHMDJ) fractures in children and to provide reference for clinical practice. The characteristics and treatment methods of transverse and comminuted DHMDJ fractures in children were summarized and analyzed by referring to relevant literature at home and abroad. DHMDJ fractures in children are not uncommon clinically, with high fracture line position, multi-directional instability, difficult closed reduction in treatment, and easy to cause complications such as coronal and sagittal deformity of the elbow. The Kirschner wire technique was effective for DHMDJ fractures with the fracture line at the middle and low levels, but was prone to iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury. Elastic stable intramedullary nail is suitable for higher-position transverse DHMDJ fractures. However, this technique requires a second operation to remove the internal fixator, and may cause iatrogenic epiphysis plate injury in children. External fixator is a new way to treat DHMDJ fractures, and it can show satisfactory results for transverse and comminuted DHMDJ fractures. However, at present, there are few relevant studies, and most of them focus on biomechanical studies, and the efficacy lacks high-quality clinical research support. The ultimate goal of DHMDJ fracture treatment in children is to restore the anatomical alignment of the fracture and prevent the loss of reduction. The choice of internal fixator depends on the location of the fracture line and the shape of the fracture to provide personalized treatment.

Multiline orthogonal scanning temporal focusing (mosTF) microscopy for scattering reduction in in vivo brain imaging

Temporal focusing two-photon microscopy has been utilized for high-resolution imaging of neuronal and synaptic structures across volumes spanning hundreds of microns in vivo. However, a limitation of temporal focusing is the rapid degradation of the signal-to-background ratio and resolution with increasing imaging depth. This degradation is due to scattered emission photons being widely distributed, resulting in a strong background. To overcome this challenge, we have developed multiline orthogonal scanning temporal focusing (mosTF) microscopy. mosTF captures a sequence of images at each scan location of the excitation line. A reconstruction algorithm then reassigns scattered photons back to their correct scan positions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of mosTF by acquiring neuronal images of mice in vivo. Our results show remarkable improvements in in vivo brain imaging with mosTF, while maintaining its speed advantage.

UHVDC transmission line diagnosis method for integrated community energy system based on wavelet analysis

With the large-scale development of renewable energy power, China has faced with the challenges of the reverse regional distribution of wind and solar resources and power load, as well as the intermittency and randomness of renewable energy power. Therefore, China is vigorously developing ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission technology to solve the problem of insufficient flexibility caused by the uncertainty of renewable energy and the fluctuation of multi-energy loads in integrated community energy systems. UHVDC plays an increasingly pivotal role in the west-east transmission system in China’s power system due to its high transmission capacity and long transmission distance. Once the fault occurs in the ultra-high voltage direct (UHVD) transmission line, quick and accurate fault location identification is of great significance. Hence, this paper proposes a UHVDC transmission line diagnosis method based on wavelet analysis for integrated community energy systems. Wavelet transform (WT) is used to decompose the transient signal on a multi-scale, and then power systems computer-aided design (PSCAD) software is utilized for simulation calculation to obtain the singular spectrum entropy of each layer and facilitate wavelet transformations for signal denoising with advanced tools such as MATLAB. The prediction results can distinguish outside the rectification side fault, within the rectification side fault, and outside the inverter fault with an accuracy of 100%. A large number of simulations demonstrate that combining singular spectrum entropy with support vector machines (SVM) has emerged as a robust technique for integrated community energy systems, suggesting its potential as a standard method in UHVDC transmission line diagnosis. This study is of significant reference for realizing the complementarity of multiple types of power supply and ensuring a reliable power supply.

Research on fault location of DC line in UHV converter station based on digital twin technology

The technologies such as data, information and intelligence are gradually applied to the power industry, and the power industry is gradually realizing digital transformation to meet the requirements of more reliable, stable, intelligent and safe power supply. UHV converter station is the heart of power grid equipment, which mainly ensures the conversion between AC and DC to ensure the stable operation of the power system. Facing the situation that the fault location is difficult and the loss is too large, this paper introduces the Digital Twin Technology(DTT), which completes the real-time mapping of the data state between the physical body and the virtual body of the converter station line through the digital modeling of the physical intelligent equipment. The recognition rate of CNN-BiGRU model for line fault and type reaches 99.78 % and 98.56 %. The CNN-BiGRU model has the highest recognition rate and the best effect in terms of the line recognition rate and the fault type recognition rate. The maximum Recall and Precision values of CNN-BiGRU model are 99.67 % and 97.96 %. The closer the F1 is to 1, the better the performance of the model is, and the value of CNN-BiGRU reaches 0. 94, which shows that the model has good performance.

Experiments on symmetry breaking of azimuthal combustion instabilities and their analysis combining acoustic energy balance and flame describing functions

Combustion instabilities in annular systems raise fundamental issues that are also of practical importance to aircraft engines and ground-based gas turbine combustors. Recent studies indicate that the injector plays a significant role in the stability of combustors by defining the flame dynamical response and setting the inlet impedance of the system. The present investigation examines the effects of combinations of injectors of two different types ( $U$ and $S$ ) on thermoacoustic instabilities in a laboratory-scale annular combustor and compares different circumferential staging strategies. The combustor operates in a stable fashion when all injection units belong to the $S$ -family, but exhibits large amplitude pressure oscillations when all these units are of the $U$ -type. When the system comprises a mix of $U$ - and $S$ -injectors, it is possible to determine the number of $S$ -injectors leading to stable operation. For a fixed proportion of $U$ - and $S$ -injectors, some arrangements give rise to stable operation while others do not. Results also show that introducing symmetry-breaking elements affects the system's modal dynamics. These experimental observations are interpreted in an acoustic energy balance framework used to derive an expression for the growth rate as a function of the describing functions of the flames formed by the different injectors and their respective azimuthal locations. Growth rates are determined for the different configurations and used to explain the various observations, estimate the system damping rate and predict the location of the nodal line when the standing mode prevails.