Location Of Capacitors Research Articles

Acoustic-noise reduction in printed circuit boards based on location and direction of multilayer ceramic capacitors

Acoustic-noise reduction in printed circuit boards based on location and direction of multilayer ceramic capacitors

Research on Step-Down Aviation Three-Phase Power Factor Correction based on Machine Learning and Optimization Algorithm

Objectives: The study looks at power quality issues, such as phase imbalance, voltage sags, and power factor issues, in aircraft systems. It highlights how immediate power factor correction steps are required to avoid equipment longevity problems and boost system efficiency, which will ultimately improve the performance of the entire aviation system. Methodology: Using a variety of data sources, real-time data gathering, and machine learning approaches, this study focuses on data collecting and real-time monitoring in aviation systems. Predictive modeling, testing methods for data preparation and analysis, and optimization algorithms for capacitor bank size and placement are all included. Considerations for privacy and security are covered. Result: Salp Swarm Optimization and the Dragonfly Algorithm are used in the study to assess the ideal capacitor sizes and positions, which results in better voltage profiles and lower active power losses. Aviation systems benefit from improved power factor correction through the application of integrated machine learning and optimization, which promotes sustainability and energy efficiency. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the significance of power factor correction in aviation by successfully addressing power quality issues in aircraft electrical systems through the use of optimization algorithms for capacitor sizing and location.

Influence of Load Models and DG Operational Power Factor on Optimization of Shunt Capacitor Placement in Distribution Grids Considering Voltage Stability

The paper proposes a mathematical model of mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) to optimize the location and size of shunt capacitors in power distribution grids with distributed generation (DG), considering voltage stability constraints. At the same time, the paper also analyzes the influence of the load models, such as voltage-dependence load (ZIP load) and constant power load, together with DG’s operating power factor on the optimal solution. The objective function of the proposed optimization formulation is minimizing the total expenses, including the capital investment of capacitors and the expense incurred by network energy loss. This MINLP model includes constraints in the current and critical loading conditions, such as the system of power flow equations, nodal voltage limits, branch thermal limits, capacitor-related constraints, and restrictions of minimum security level. The proposed optimization model was evaluated on a modified IEEE 33-node distribution grid using the KNITRO commercial solver with the GAMS programming language. The calculation results show that the voltage stability constraints, load models, and operational power factor of the DG units have an essential influence on the optimal position and capacity of the shunt capacitors.

Optimal sizing and placement of capacitors in the isolated microgrid throughout the day considering the demand response program

Reactive power compensation (RPC) is a big problem during power system operation. Parenthetically, capacitor allocation and sizing may be the only convenient solution for RPC of power systems. The loss sensitivity factor (LSF) is applied here for finding the optimum capacitor position. This paper presents quasi-oppositional fast convergence evolutionary programming (QOFCEP), fast convergence evolutionary programming (FCEP), and evolutionary programming (EP) for the optimum location and sizing of shunt capacitors in the isolated microgrid (MG) for minimizing total real power loss throughout the day with and without the demand response program (DRP). The 33-node, 69-node, and 118-node isolated MGs have been studied to authenticate the efficacy of the suggested approach. Each MG includes small hydro power plants (SHPPs), solar PV plants (SPVPs), wind turbine generators (WTGs), diesel generators (DGs), and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs).

Suitability of capacitor allocation methods in different kinds of distribution networks

In the context of power systems with “a high percentage of renewable energy” and “a high percentage of power electronic equipment”, reactive power capacitors are demanded to support the voltage and keep the economic operation of the distribution network. Reasonable configuration of reactive power compensation including capacitor location and compensation capacity can keep the system voltage at a reasonable level, improve the system voltage stability, and reduce the network loss. In this paper, a reactive power optimization model based on three capacitor allocation methods, namely the reactive power sensitivity method, the active power loss method, and the voltage stability method, was established. Considering the stability and economy of distribution network operation, the suitability of the different methods in different kinds of distribution networks was evaluated in terms of the indicators of minimizing the network loss, minimizing the voltage offset, and minimizing the system operation cost. The simulation results show that the active power loss method is the most suitable for reducing voltage fluctuations and network losses.

Optimal Location of Capacitor in a Radial Distribution System Using New Hybrid Method

This paper solves the problem of optimal sizing and locations of capacitors in radial distribution system using a new hybrid method combining a new stability index and a genetic algorithm to improve the loss, voltage and stability planes. The Bus Voltage Stability Index BVSI is used to determine the locations and the genetic algorithm GA to calculate the size. The GA-BVSI analytical-metaheuristic method, compared with existing methods, is more suitable and recommended for operators who are faced with the problem of sizing capacitors to improve the technical performance of their network. Keywords: Optimal sizing and locations; Capacitors; Radial distribution system; New stability index;Hybrid method.

Optimal allocation of multiple capacitors in a hybrid AC/DC microgrid for power quality improvement

Along with the various features for implementing the Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid (HMG), this article proposes an approach for optimal allocation of multiple capacitors which are investigated in a proposed modeling based on the IEEE 14-bus distribution system. The power quality of the HMG has been investigated during the urgent intermittent of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and Reactive Power Compensation (RPC) methods. Moreover, the investigation has been achieved in the presence of unbalanced loads and nonlinear loads with maximum and minimum demand scenarios. To cope with the power quality concerns in the studied cases, the fixed capacitor bank as an RPC system in Medium Voltage (MV) level load buses has been utilized. Although the performance indices of the power quality improved in MV-level buses, the Low Voltage (LV) level load buses still endure extensive operation performance deteriorations caused by unbalanced loads. Therefore, in this article, a compensation scheme applied in LV-level load buses and MV-level buses has been proposed consistent with the power flow computations. The Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer (MOGWO) algorithm is implemented to optimize both the size and location of capacitor banks over different voltage levels with high accuracy. The comprehensive assessment and discussion of the simulation results demonstrate the superiority of utilizing the proposed compensation scheme in both MV-level and LV-level load buses. Hence, the power quality is not only enhanced but also the installation cost is reduced. The complete model of the studied system has been validated using MATLAB/ Simulink.Article HighlightsThe reactive power compensation method is used to improve the power quality in a hybrid AC-DC microgrid.The applied RPC method verifies using the MOGWO algorithm to optimize both the location and size of multiple capacitor banks.Power quality challenges and future research trends are debated.

Optimal location for an EVPL and capacitors in grid for voltage profile and power loss: FHO-SNN approach

In the context of a rapidly expanding electric vehicle market, this research investigates the ideal locations for Electric vehicle (EV) charging stations (EVCS) and capacitors in power grids to enhance voltage stability and reduce power losses, facilitating sustainable and efficient grid operation. Meeting the increasing demand for EV charging stations while simultaneously addressing grid reliability, voltage control, and power loss issues poses significant challenges. A hybrid approach for EV parking lot and optimal location of capacitors in voltage and power loss is proposed in this manuscript. The proposed hybrid method combines the Fire Hawk Optimizer and Spiking Neural Network, hence called the FHO-SNN technique. The objective of the proposed method is used to lessen the active-power-losses that improve system performance. The novelty of this proposed method is electric vehicle parking lot and optimal location of capacitors in voltage and lessens the power loss. The proposed system is done in the MATLAB, and it is validates their performance with existing methods, such as Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA), Seagull Optimization (SO), and Atomic Orbital Search (AOS). The proposed method shows low convergence time, which is 4 sec, number of feeders, and best function node is found compared with other existing methods. The optimization approach can enhance the stability and efficiency of electric grids by improving voltage profiles and reducing power losses. The implications of this research highlight the potential for optimizing the combination of electric vehicles and capacitors into the grid, resulting in a more sustainable, efficient, and resilient energy and transportation system.

Positioning and Sizing of PV-Based DG and Capacitor in Realistic Distribution Network and Verification through ETAP Simulation

Distributed generation offers a bright future for electric networks, but requires optimal allocation of dispersed resources and an acceptable optimization technique. This article proposes optimal integration of DGs and capacitor banks to optimize distribution network parameters. Imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) has been used to optimize the distribution network parameters such as optimal location and capacity of Photo Voltaic Distributed Generator ((PVDG) & capacitor. Loss reduction, declination in emission, and an enhanced voltage profile are major advantages of positioning DGs into the distributive topology. The proposed model has been validated and tested on IEEE-33 and Indian real system of 130 bus of Jaipur City for different load patterns. Furthermore, the results obtained from ICA have been verified by simulating the test systems on ETAP software.

Optimal sizing and placement of capacitor on radial distribution system using genetic algorithm

In this paper an acute investigation of the capacitor placement issues in IEEE-14, 30, 33 bus systems are presented. In distribution system the problem of power loss and voltage deviation is increasing day by day due to exponentially increasing loads of domestic and commercial applications. These problems can overcome by optimal placement of capacitor in distribution networks. In this paper the combination of two optimization problems is presented to determine the optimal sizing and location of capacitor in the distribution network so that power losses can be minimized. A heuristic algorithm i.e. the genetic algorithm which is used to solve the optimization problem. The problem of optimal sizing and placement of capacitors increased the complexity in optimization problem due to multiple constraints. Hence an efficient approach is required to solve this combinational problem. Solution of this problem is provided with the help of two approaches. First method is used for optimum location and sizing of the capacitor and second approach is used for the sizing of the capacitors. To present a consequential analysis, the losses are calculated at stressed conditions and it is also observed that how the system losses affected by placing different number of capacitors under various loading conditions. In this paper effectiveness of both approaches are compared by performing the simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and calculate the system losses, time elapsed and convergence of the algorithm.

Reduction of Emission Cost, Loss Cost and Energy Purchase Cost for Distribution Systems With Capacitors, Photovoltaic Distributed Generators, and Harmonics

In this paper, a bonobo optimizer (BO) and two other methods, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and salp swarm algorithm (SSA), are implemented to determine the location and sizing of photovoltaic distributed generators (PDGs) and capacitors in IEEE 69-bus radial distribution system with many nonlinear loads. The objective of the study is to minimize the costs for purchasing energy from main grid for load demand and power loss on transmission lines as well as cost for emission fines from fossil fuel generation units of the grid under considering strict constraints on penetration, voltage, current and harmonic distortions. The results have shown that BO is the best and most stable method in solving the considered optimization problem. With the use of the optimal solution from BO, the total cost is significantly reduced up to 80.52%. As compared to base system without capacitors and PDGs, the obtained solution can reduce power loss up to 94.48% and increase the voltage profile from the range of [0.9092 1.00] pu to higher range of [0.9907 1.0084] pu. In addition, total harmonic distortion (THD) and individual harmonic distortion (IHD) are also much improved and satisfied under the IEEE Std. 519. Thus, BO is a suitable method for the application of installing capacitors and PDGs in distribution systems.

Penempatan Kapasitor Paralel pada Penyulang Pajajaran GI Jakabaring

In order to compensate for reactive power on electrical power distribution lines, parallel capacitors have been utilized extensively. Capacitor placement does not constantly improve the total voltage and power factor. Therefore, it is crucial to establish the ideal capacitance (size) and position of the capacitors to reduce power losses in the distribution line. Palembang City's New Jakabaring Substation is a substation situated in a region with a rapid load increase. Pajajaran Feeder, one of the several feeders at this substation, carries the weight of numerous significant loads as well as expanding residential areas. Reactive power computation and optimal capacitor placement (OCP) were the two simulation techniques used in the study, which were carried out using ETAP 19.0. The study's findings demonstrate that using reactive power calculations, the original Padjajaran feeder voltage drop is improved from 93.26% to 98.98% while utilizing OCP, the voltage drop is improved from 93.26% to 100.1%. However, OCP provides a more consistent capacitance value of the capacitors in the range of 930 kVAR compared to reactive power calculations, whose results are more inconsistent. Calculations using OCP gives more capacitors, namely as many as 20 more than those produced by calculating the reactive power of 14 capacitors. The location of parallel capacitors in the Padjajaran feeder can function optimally and support a load of up to 80% of the transformer capacity rating.

Optimum Power Flow with Respect to the Capacitor Location and Size in Distribution Network

In the past few decades, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of optimum power flow (OPF) studies in the context of economic analyses of power systems. There is a need for power system development to maximize efficiency by emphasizing cost and power losses for smart grids to operate effectively in the current situation. This study aims to develop an optimal capacitor bank allocation schedule that minimizes power losses in the distribution networks under equality constraints. This will be achieved by integrating the loss factor and voltage stability into a new approach to determine where the capacitor banks should be located. It aims to reduce the operating costs of power systems and maximize efficiency by applying an optimization model for economic dispatch, which considers distributed power generation and demand response. The NSGA-II optimization algorithm was used in this study to determine the optimal size and location of the capacitor bank. A NSGA-II solves this problem by minimizing cost and power losses while determining the best operating strategy. We used an IEEE 26-bus distribution system to test the proposed method with every possible generation change. Comparing the power flow analysis with/without capacitor optimization showed that the operation optimization model of OPF with NSGA-II can reduce operation costs and improve the power system.

Optimal Sizing and Locations of Capacitors Using Slime Mould Algorithm

A new and powerful approach called Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA) is suggested in this paper, for optimal siting and sizing of capacitors for an IEEE distribution network. First, the most nominee buses for installing capacitors are developed using various indices. Loss Sensitivity Factors (LSF), Voltage Stability Index (VSI), and Power Loss Index (PLI) are employed to determine the selected buses. Then the proposed SMA is used to deduce the size of capacitors and their positions from the picked buses. The objective function is introduced to minimize the net cost and then, increase the total saving per year. The developed approach is tested on the IEEE distribution network. The obtained results are compared with others to highlight the advantages of the developed approach. Also, the results are presented to confirm its influence in minifying the losses, and net cost and to improve the voltage profile and total saving for a radial distribution network.

Optimal capacitor placement in a dominant induction motor loads power system

The challenge of optimal capacitor allocation is one of the complex problems in power systems, especially in large industries since they have many big capacity induction motors. In the literature, many works have been delivered for optimal capacitor placement, however, these works were simulated in a distribution network, not in an industry network with many large capacity induction motors. Therefore, this work proposes the optimal allocation of capacitors in a large industry with a significant amount of induction motor loads to minimize network losses. To determine the optimal capacitor location, this research uses the genetic algorithm (GA) method. This algorithm is interesting because of its simplicity and ability to discover optimal solutions comprehensively.

Performance Enhancement of Radial Power Distribution Networks Using Network Reconfiguration and Optimal Planning of Solar Photovoltaic-Based Distributed Generation and Shunt Capacitors

In this work, an efficient hybrid optimization approach entitled harmony search and particle artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to deal with the distribution network reconfiguration and solar photovoltaic-based distributed generation and shunt capacitor deployment in power distribution networks to improve the operating performance of power distribution networks. The proposed hybrid algorithm combines the exploration and exploitation capability of both algorithms to achieve optimal results. The optimization problem is formalized which includes distributed generation and shunt capacitor locations, open/close state of switches as discrete decision variables, and the optimum operating point of compensation devices as continuous variables. An efficient spanning tree approach is utilized to track the optimal topology of the network. The validity of the proposed hybrid algorithm in handling the optimal planning problem of the distribution network is assured through eight different operating scenarios at three discrete load levels. The efficiency of the proposed performance enhancement approaches was validated using 69 node and 118 node distribution networks. The obtained results are compared against similar techniques presented in the literature.

GAMS applications to capacitors location and its sizing in a RDS

This paper presents a new approach for finding capacitor's location and it's sizing in a radial distribution system (RDS) optimally with an aim of reducing the active power loss. In this paper, the problem of minimizing power loss is converted into a Mixed Integer Non-Linear Program (MINLP) problem, and it will be solved by using Generalized Algebraic Modeling Systems (GAMS) software with MINLP-SBB Solver. The proposing GAMS approach is tested on IEEE 10 bus RDS. By using GAMS, the programming will be simple and more accurate results can be achieved with less execution time. The MATLAB R2020b is used to run the load flows program and analyze results. The results are compared with the other optimization techniques results.

A Novel Approach Based on Honey Badger Algorithm for Optimal Allocation of Multiple DG and Capacitor in Radial Distribution Networks Considering Power Loss Sensitivity

Recently, the integration of distributed generators (DGs) in radial distribution systems (RDS) has been widely evolving due to its sustainability and lack of pollution. This study presents an efficient optimization technique named the honey badger algorithm (HBA) for specifying the optimum size and location of capacitors and different types of DGs to minimize the total active power loss of the network. The Combined Power Loss Sensitivity (CPLS) factor is deployed with the HBA to accelerate the estimation process by specifying the candidate buses for optimal placement of DGs and capacitors in RDS. The performance of the optimization algorithm is demonstrated through the application to the IEEE 69-bus standard RDS with different scenarios: DG Type-I, DG Type-III, and capacitor banks (CBs). Furthermore, the effects of simultaneously integrating single and multiple DG Type-I with DG Type-III are illustrated. The results obtained revealed the effectiveness of the HBA for optimizing the size and location of single and multiple DGs and CBs with a considerable decline in the system’s real power losses. Additionally, the results have been compared with those obtained by other known algorithms.

A Hybrid AOSAOA Scheme Based on the Optimal Location for Electric Vehicle Parking Lots and Capacitors in a Grid to Care of Voltage Profile and Power Loss

In this manuscript, a hybrid system depending on the optimal location of electric vehicle parking lots (PL) and capacitors under voltage profile care and power loss is proposed. The proposed hybrid scheme is the joint execution of both the atomic orbital search (AOS) and arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA). Commonly it is called the AOSAOA technique. In the paper, the allocation of the parking lot and capacitor is introduced to congestion management with reactive power compensation. To optimally regulate that parking lot size, the AOSAOA technique is adopted. Furthermore, parking lot and capacitor allocation are introduced to congestion management and reactive power compensation. With this proper control, the perfect sitting of capacitor and EV parking lots under the grid, including the deterioration of real and reactive power loss and voltage profiles are optimally chosen. Furthermore, the implementation of the proposed AOSAOA model is developed by the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the efficiency of the proposed model is likened to other techniques.

Efficient Hybrid Algorithm Solution for Optimal Reactive Power Flow Using the Sensitive Bus Approach

This paper presents the design and application of an efficient hybrid algorithm for solving the Optimal Reactive Power Flow (ORPF) problem. The ORPF is formulated as a nonlinear constrained optimization problem where the active power losses must be minimized. The proposed approach is based on the hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Tabu-Search (TS) technique. The proposed PSO-TS approach is used to find the settings of the control variables (i.e. generation bus voltages, transformer taps, and shunt capacitor sizes) which minimize transmission active power losses. The bus locations of the shunt capacitors are identified according to sensitive buses. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is applied to the IEEE 30 bus benchmark test system and is compared with PSO and TS without hybridization, along with some other published approaches. The obtained results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method in dealing with the highly nonlinear constrained nature of the ORPF problem.