Location Of Bay Research Articles

Morphological trends in three different populations of the noble scallop Mimachlamys crassicostata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1842) along the South China Sea Coast and their relationship to environment factors

This study was carried out to assess the spatial patterns of morphological characteristics of the three cultured populations of the scallop Mimachlamys crassicostata (G. B. Sowerby II, 1842), from Yazhou Bay, Liusha Bay and Mirs Bay along the South China Sea coast and to determine whether any of the morphological characteristics could be related to selected environmental parameters. Morphological ratios of seven traits were analysed by classification and regression tree to evaluate the morphological variations in 1353 samples from three geographic locations. In addition, relationships between discriminatory morphological characteristics (ratios of shell weight to length, shell weight to height, whole weight to length and shell weight to adductor muscle weight) and nine environmental parameters (seawater temperature, salinity, pH, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, total petroleum hydrocarbons, dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll a were assessed using mixed-effects linear models (LMMs). Results showed that more than 80% of individuals could be assigned to their collection locations based on the classification and regression tree. The accuracy of assigning individuals to their collection location of Mirs Bay, Yazhou Bay and Liusha Bay based on morphological variation was 85.52, 80.30 and 80.68%, respectively. Results of the LMMs revealed that ratios of shell weight to height and whole weight to length correlated positively with temperature and salinity, respectively. Shell weight to adductor muscle weight correlated negatively with DO concentration, indicating that high DO levels may be necessary to provide a suitable environment for scallops cultured in a food-rich coastal bay. These results may be helpful for future resource management, including stock recognition, productive management and stock conservation of M. crassicostata in the South China Sea.Keywords: Environmental parameters, Cultured population, Mixed-effects linear model, Morphological characteristics, Stock conservation

Feeding dynamics of Terebralia palustris (Gastropoda: Potamididae) from a subtropical mangrove ecosystem

ABSTRACTMangrove gastropods are largely recognised for their roles as benthic deposit feeders that consume macrophyte-derived detritus. However, microalgae may also make a significant contribution towards the diet of these snails. Here we provide the first report on the rates at which microphytobenthos (MPB) is consumed by Terebralia palustris, an Indo-Pacific mangrove gastropod. Although juvenile T. palustris are generally detritivorous, there is increasing evidence that their occurrence on the seaward edge of the mangrove habitat allows them to incorporate a more nutritious food source to their diets in the form of microalgae. Using an experimental approach that incorporated fluorometric techniques, we found that the feeding activity of T. palustris on MPB was not clearly related to diel and tidal cycles at the subtropical location of Kosi Bay, South Africa during two sampling occasions in February and July 2015. However, a faster ingestion rate and higher consumption/digestion efficiency were recorded during experiments carried out in July. On this sampling occasion a higher percentage consumption of the available MPB was recorded, which corresponded to a lower per-capita availability in this resource. As T. palustris is able to consume MPB at variable rates, the impact of this species on benthic primary productivity within Indo-Pacific mangroves should not be overlooked when considering its integral ecological role within these threatened habitats.

Determination of trace elements and stable carbon isotope ratios in virgin olive oils from Western Turkey to authenticate geographical origin with a chemometric approach

In this study, trace element contents and stable carbon isotope ratios of olive oils were determined to evaluate their potential as authentication parameters. Forty-nine virgin olive oil samples (VOOs) from six different locations of the western part of Turkey (Izmir, Manisa, Aydin, Mugla, Bursa and Edremit Bay) were analysed with ICP-MS and EA-IRMS. V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Ba, Na, K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Pb, As, Co, Cr and Zn were found in the olive oil samples and determined δ13C stable istope ratios. Data from the olive oil samples were compiled and classified with chemometric approach. The results showed that there is significant potential to successfully authenticate olive oils according to Fe and Zn on the Manisa and δ13C have dominant effect on the location of Edremit Bay. As a result, the outcome of this study could be used to identify the geographical origin of olive oils especially for the Manisa and Edremit Bay locations.

Building a city: Korean capitalists and navy nostalgia in “overheated” Subic Bay

ABSTRACTOver the course of just half a year, a catastrophic volcanic eruption and an unexpected political victory would come to act upon and dramatically alter the location of Subic Bay in the Philippines. As a consequence, the annus mirabilis of 1991 brought a (temporary) end to more than a century of US tutelage for the Philippines. Subic Bay, an area that had been economically, politically and socially dependent on the patronage of the US Navy, was now undergoing major transformations. The land and infrastructure left behind by the Americans were turned into the Philippines’ largest special economic zone, becoming the vanguard platform that allowed for the introduction of an “overheated” form of economic globalization into the Philippines. Amongst the foreign direct investors now active in Subic, a South Korean shipbuilder has become a new hegemon, building a giant shipyard inside the bay that today employs 34,000 Filipino workers. Paying particular attention to how contested gendered relations between foreign sailors and the local population have come “to build this city” during the cold war, the rapidly urbanizing Subic Bay area is analysed through what I call “navy nostalgia”: the widespread, yet rather equivocal longing for the return of the US Navy that needs to be read in light of the recent arrival of the South Korean shipbuilder.

The ocean floor morphostructure of the Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean) and the problem of its origin

This study is based on the geological and geophysical data obtained in the Bay of Bengal and adjacent part of the Mid-Indian Ocean Basin by different Russian scientific and industrial institutions in the 1980s and 1990s. The results of the more recent foreign investigations are also involved. The analysis of the collected data provided a new insight into the geological structure and evolution of the region indicating that a large dry-land area—the Bengal elevation—existed in the Cretaceous at the location of the present-day Bay of Bengal. During the Cretaceous, the geological evolution of this area was controlled by epicontinental sedimentation and active volcanism. In the Late Cretaceous, progressive submersion with the inception of the Central Basin took place in the region. The subsidence of the basement was accompanied by active differentiated tectonic movements in the southern part of the Bay of Bengal. As a result, the basement experienced fragmentation into blocks with the formation of horst and graben structures. The horst relics eventually submerged to the current depths in the Late Miocene–Pliocene. The maximal amplitude of basement submersion within the bay is more than 11 km.

Understanding Factors Affecting Safety Effects of Indirect Driveway Left-Turn Treatments

This article summarizes research that evaluates the effects of various contributing factors on the safety effects of an important indirect driveway left-turn treatment: using U-turns as alternatives to direct left turns from driveways. Crash data were collected at 140 roadway segments where U-turns are used as alternatives to replace direct left turns from driveways, and 32 three-leg unsignalized intersections where direct left turns from driveways are permitted. It was found that U-turn crashes only account for a very small percentage of crashes related with right turns followed by U-turns (RTUT). U-turn crashes occur very infrequently at median openings and signalized intersections. The majority of crashes related with RTUT occur at the section between driveways and downstream U-turn locations. A crash prediction model was developed to identify the factors that contribute to the crashes related with RTUT at weaving sections (the segments between driveways and downstream U-turn locations). The model shows that the major street average daily traffic (ADT), the location of U-turn bay, and the separation distances between driveway exits and downstream U-turn locations significantly impact the safety of RTUT at weaving sections.

Partitioning and location of Bay K 8644, 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium channel agonist, in model and biological membranes

Several lines of evidence suggest that nonspecific drug interaction with the lipid bilayer plays an important role in subsequent recognition and binding to specific receptor sites in the membrane. The interaction of Bay K 8644, a 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel agonist, with model and biological membranes was examined at the molecular level using small angle x-ray diffraction. Nonspecific drug partitioning into the membrane was examined by radiochemical assay. Nonspecific binding characteristics of [3H] Bay K 8644 were determined in both dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles above and below their thermal phase transition (Tm) and rabbit skeletal muscle light sarcoplasmic reticulum (LSR). In DPPC, the partition coefficient, Kp, was 14,000 above the Tm (55 degrees C) versus 160 in the gel phase (2 degrees C). The Kp determined in LSR membranes was 10,700. These values for both DPPC and LSR membranes can be compared with Kp = 290 in the traditional octanol/buffer system. Using small-angle x-ray diffraction, the equilibrium position of the electron-dense trifluoromethyl group of Bay K 8644 in DPPC (above Tm) and purified cardiac sarcolemmal (CSL) lipid bilayers was determined to be consistently located within the region of the first few methylene segments of the fatty acyl chains of these membranes. This position is similar to that observed for the DHP calcium channel antagonists nimodipine and Bay P 8857. We suggest this particular membrane location defines a region of local drug concentration and plane for lateral diffusion to a common receptor site. Below the DPPC membrane Tm, Bay K 8644 was shown to be excluded from this energetically favored position into the interbilayer water space. Heating the DPPC bilayer above the Tm (55 degrees C) showed that this exclusion was reversible and indicates that drug-membrane interaction is dependent on the bilayer physical state. The absence of any specific protein binding sites in these systems allows us to ascertain the potentially important role that the bulk lipid phase may play in the molecular mechanism of DHP binding to the specific receptor site associated with the calcium channel.