Agricultural Locations Research Articles

Analisis Permeabilitas Tanah Berpasir Dan Tanah Lempung Dalam Hubunganya Dengan Manajemen Irigasi

This research examines the permeability characteristics of sandy and clay soils and their implications for irrigation management in agricultural systems. Soil permeability is a key factor in determining water use efficiency and optimal irrigation strategies. The research methodology includes laboratory analysis of sandy and clay soil samples from various agricultural locations, measuring physical soil characteristics, infiltration rates, water storage capacity, and hydraulic conductivity. The results show significant differences between the two soil types, where sandy soil has high permeability ranging from 10^-3 to 10^-2 cm/second, low water storage capacity, and rapid infiltration rates, thus requiring more frequent irrigation with smaller volumes. In contrast, clay soil has low permeability ranging from 10^-7 to 10^-6 cm/second, high water storage capacity, and slow infiltration rates, requiring less frequent irrigation with larger volumes. Based on these results, specific irrigation management recommendations were developed that include irrigation schedule adjustments, water volume regulation, selection of appropriate irrigation methods, and water conservation techniques. This research provides important contributions to optimizing irrigation water use based on soil permeability characteristics, which can improve water use efficiency and agricultural productivity.

Assessment of Soil Salinity and Heavy Metal Contamination in Agricultural Zones from Barishal to Barguna, Bangladesh

In certain regions of Bangladesh, salinity negatively impacts the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. To achieve the study's goals, samples were taken from agricultural locations, and soil sampling was examined using a random sampling technique at 0–13 cm depth. The research's findings demonstrated that the study area's salinity was rising daily, which impacted vegetation and crops based on the salt level. In the districts of Barishal, Jhalokathi, Patuakhali, and Barguna, the research was carried out to ascertain the saline state of the soil in the following areas: Kather Ghor, Runshi, Parshivpur, Mahishkata, Subidhkhali, Gorua, Bodorkhali, and Lobongola. Therefore, the current study suggests a significant management strategy to lower salinity at Parshivpur (794 μS/cm), Mahishkata (578 μS/cm), Bodorkhali (751 μS/cm), and Lobongola (762 μS/cm) regions. Furthermore, at every station in the research region, the mercury levels were higher than the FAO's permissible limit; Subidhkhali had the highest value, while Bodorkhali had the lowest. Because heavy metals are bad for agricultural productivity, the levels of Cd at Parshivpur, Mahiskata, Bodorkhali, Lobongola, and Subidhkhali were higher than the WHO's allowable limit. The range of EC (μS/cm) for the soils was 498 to 762, indicating moderate to high salinity. The levels of total K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cr, Cd, Hg, Pb, and Zn were medium to low, and the amount of salt that had accumulated was moderate to low. Given the current state of our nation's soil salinity, more implementations and coordination of the relevant policies should be required for particular consideration in decision-making. Keywords: Soil Salinity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Heavy Metals, pH, Agriculture, Bangladesh

Rediscovering the location of agricultural production: Spatial linkage of farmland use intensity and labor opportunity costs in Central China

Agricultural location theory was the earliest work to reveal the land use and agricultural layout of urban suburbs; however, there is an increasing difference between Dunn's theoretical model and modern agricultural layouts, and there is thus an urgent need to establish new theoretical relationships. In this work, we sought to reveal new patterns of modern suburban agricultural land use using remote sensing data and land economics knowledge. We used remote sensing data to obtain first-hand land-use information while considering the attractiveness of the urban center to labor, and we explored the impact of agricultural opportunity costs on agricultural land use. We found that agricultural land use in suburbs in Central China have four obvious layers: dominance of built-up areas, dominance of single cropping, dominance of double cropping, and dominance of triple cropping. From the perspective of planting patterns, with increasing distance from the city center, the proportion of single-cropping areas decreases from 60% to 20%, that of double-cropping areas increases from 20% to 70%, that of triple-cropping areas always remains below 10%, and the multiple-cropping index increases from 120% to 180%. From the perspective of land economics and considering labor cost, planting profits decrease with increasing distance from the city center. The increasing attractiveness of the urban center to migrant workers significantly weakens farmers' willingness to plant. From the perspective of the circle structure, before 2000, farmers' planting profits were higher than the opportunity costs in all regions; after 2000, farmers with arable land within a 40-km radius of the center may have been more inclined to choose farming, while those with land outside this 40-km radius may have been more inclined to work elsewhere. Under changing agricultural policies, farmers' planting profits increased to a historical high, but profits became negative in all regions after 2015, and the willingness of people to farm reached a historical low. With this work, we continue the development of the hierarchical structure model of The Location of Agricultural Production and summarize new laws of modern agricultural land use from the perspectives of remote sensing data and land economics, supplementing and enriching agricultural location theory.

Research on agricultural monitoring and progressive map creation in the context of ground-air coordination

Abstract By combining network RTK technology, 2D LiDAR, and UAV, this study investigates how to achieve agricultural monitoring effectively. A collaborative agricultural monitoring scheme was designed to accurately and comprehensively gather agricultural information in response to the demand for targeted sequential monitoring at specified agricultural locations. To establish a low-cost and low computational power-dependent 3D map of obstacle point clouds, a progressive 3D mapping scheme based on 2D LiDAR was designed and implemented. The effectiveness of the design was validated through simulation experiments and partly through real-world testing.

Study on the Influence of Agricultural Scale Management Mode on Production Efficiency Based on Meta-Analysis

Agricultural scale management is an important means of improving agricultural production efficiency. To answer the controversy over whether different agricultural scale management models can improve production efficiency, this paper obtained 117,627 samples from 68 domestic and foreign literature and used meta-analysis to study the effects of land-scale operation (LSO) and service-scale operation (SSO) on agricultural production efficiency (APE). The moderators that affect the relationship between LSO, SSO, and APE are also examined. The research results show that (1) both LSO and SSO positively impact production efficiency, but LSO has a stronger impact. (2) The relationship between LSO and APE is positively regulated by the agricultural production and operation environment, characteristics of the agricultural location, degree of farmers’ participation, and types of APE, and negatively regulated by the research situation. (3) The relationship between SSO and APE is negatively regulated by APE types and data types. Therefore, the government should promote agricultural dual-scale operation according to the local conditions through the complementary advantages of LSO and SSO, so as to fully release the promotion potential of APE.

Effects of agriculture and urbanization on the geochemistry of the Scioto River, Ohio

Despite efforts to reduce nonpoint source contamination of water resources, agriculture and urbanization remain primary sources that impair surface water quality. The Scioto River in Ohio, USA has headwaters in land dominated by primarily row-crop agriculture, then flows through metropolitan Columbus, the 14th largest city in the U.S. The river serves as a major drinking water source for the city and is dammed to form two reservoirs. The Scioto River was sampled for major ions, nutrients, and select trace elements weekly to monthly at five locations along changing agricultural and urban land use. Dissolved concentrations of many analytes were highest at the most upstream agricultural location, decreased to downtown Columbus, and increased at the location furthest downstream in agricultural land. The same trend was observed in discharge-weighted yields. Because much of the study area is underlain by carbonate bedrock, correlations with Ca2+ were likely to indicate a primarily geogenic source of the solute. Elements with moderate to strong positive correlations with Ca2+ included SO42−, Ni2+, Rb+, Mo6+, and Ba2+. Inorganic N species, emanating primarily from an agricultural source, had negative relationships with Ca2+. Concentration-discharge relationships revealed chemostatic to weak dilution of analytes positively correlated with Ca2+, suggesting a geogenic source of these elements that was weakly diluted with increasing discharge. Cu2+ showed a positive concentration-discharge slope, suggesting an anthropogenic input, but a defined source was not identified. Dams on the Scioto River that form drinking water reservoirs dampened chemical correlations and concentration-discharge relationships. Both agricultural and urban sources influence the river's chemistry based on hydroclimatic conditions and land use. Higher frequency sampling of the Scioto River during high flows allowed for a more nuanced understanding of sources of solutes to the river compared to previous work. Continued water quality monitoring is imperative to maintain and protect water quality resources, especially as urban populations are predicted to grow significantly in the next century.

The integrative and conjugative element ICECiPOL15 mediates horizontal transfer of β-lactam resistance gene in Chryseobacterium indoltheticum POL15

The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from the environment, including agricultural sources, is of increasing concern. In this study, we examined the antibiotic resistance profile and genomic sequence of a strain of Chryseobacterium indoltheticum obtained from an agricultural location. The multidrug-resistant bacterial strain POL15 was isolated from the wastewater of a livestock farm in China. Whole-genome sequencing was performed followed by bioinformatics analyses to identify integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and ARGs. Mating assays were performed to analyse ICE transferability. Whole-genome sequencing and annotation showed that the genome of POL15 encodes ARGs. Additionally, an ICE named ICECiPOL15, which carries a class C β-lactamase-encoding gene blaAQU, was identified in the POL15 genome. Genes encoding an integrase, an excisionase, a relaxase, a type IV coupling protein and conjugative transposon proteins involved in a type IV secretion system were also identified in ICECiPOL15. Sequence alignment revealed that ICECiPOL15 might have evolved from other Chryseobacterium species. The horizontal transferability of ICECiPOL15 was demonstrated by mating experiments between C. indoltheticum POL15 and Escherichia coli DL21. This study represents the first characterization of a mobilizable antibiotic resistance ICE in a species of C. indoltheticum and provides evidence that C. indoltheticum strains could be important reservoirs and vehicles for ARGs on livestock farms.

Native establishment improved and weed competition reduced by topsoil removal in direct‐sown native grasslands

SummaryAustralian temperate grasslands are among its most threatened plant communities. In agricultural landscapes, major barriers to their recovery are high soil nutrient levels that favour the growth of exotic pasture and other non‐native species, high standing weed biomass creating fierce aboveground competition, and rich weed seed and bud banks providing dense emergent seedling competition. Therefore, the return of grasslands to arable landscapes through restoration must rely on overcoming these challenges, ideally by reducing soil nutrients and mitigating the effects of weeds. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of topsoil removal for restoring diverse native grassy communities by direct seeding on sites with a legacy of elevated soil nutrients and competitive exotic vegetation. Conversely, it showed that repeated shallow cultivation (four times over 12 months) to stimulate weed emergence, followed each time by herbicide application, failed to achieve this outcome, at least in the short term (three years). Grassy community restoration is imperative in Australia, but importantly, it must utilise restoration protocols that are as effective as possible so that limited time, money, and resources are not wasted. In this light, the technique of topsoil manipulation may take us one step closer to achieving this goal in agricultural locations, where their loss is most pronounced.

Antibacterial activity of Streptomyces spp. crude extract on multidrug resistant Psedomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples

Abstract Background: Actinomycetes are the heterogeneous group of microorganisms, which have thread-like filaments, isolated from the soil. Objectives: Isolation, identification, and partial purification of crude bioactive agents of the Actinomycetes isolates and isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical samples, and to study antibiotics susceptibility for these isolates. Materials and Methods: Forty soil samples were collected from different agriculture locations in Hilla city. Soil samples were air dried and pre-treated with calcium carbonate (1%). The best selective medium for growth Actinomycetes is yeast malt extract agar medium (International Streptomyces project—ISP2) with 1 mg/mL Nystatin as antifungal agent. Results: A total of 68 actinomycetes species were isolated and 23 Streptomyces spp. isolates were recovered after molecular identification. By cross- streaking method , the antibacterial activity for these isolated were tested against 30 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa that showed resistance to 17 antibiotic types of streptomyces isolates demonstrated potential antibacterial activity were mass cultured and secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate. Among the 23 isolated strains, seven isolates (St4, St5, St6, St8, St11, St12, and St14) demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity with the zone of inhibition ranging from 0 to 22 mm against P. aeruginosa, according to the primary and secondary screening. Conclusion: The isolates St6 and St12 showed the higher antimicrobial metabolites activity, so these isolates were elected for sequencing.

Creation of a digital map for Sochi city masterplan development in the modern geoinformation system ArcGIS

Today, taking into account the development of modern geodetic and cartographic technologies, it is impossible to solve the tasks of territorial planning without using modern geographic information systems. The main tasks of GIS are the search for solutions in the field of rational use of natural resources, territorial sectoral planning, and management of the location of industry, transport, agriculture, energy, and finance. In addition, GIS systems provide control of living conditions of the population, as well as regulate the issues of mapping. The article discusses the application of modern GIS as methods of creating topographic plans. For work on creation of digital terrain models space images are used, which should be accompanied by data of territory interpretation. This allows to make sure the accuracy of information contained in cartographic open databases and to compare it with the current situation on the projected territory. To build a GIS it is necessary to use special integrated programs that allow to create, analyse, edit and present spatial data. The paper examines the process of creating a GIS using ArcGIS programme. The purpose of this paper is to study the process of creating a digital map and database with all the information of common attributes. The developed digital map is the basis for the formation of the master plan of the city. The master plan consists of an explanatory note and a set of drawings. The drawings should be made on a certain scale (1:200 - 1:2000). It is necessary to take into account natural conditions, wind rose, and other data. All objects on the drawings shall be designated with the help of conventional signs established by the relevant regulatory documents. The general plan of the city shall comply with the territorial planning documentation.

Research on the Design Path of High School Geography Homework under the Background of “Double Reduction”—Taking “Agricultural Location Factors and Agricultural Layout” as an Example

Research on the Design Path of High School Geography Homework under the Background of “Double Reduction”—Taking “Agricultural Location Factors and Agricultural Layout” as an Example

Transport connectivity of the organic production zone at the regional level

The paper presents an assessment of the development prospects and transport accessibility of organic production zones in the regions of Siberia based on data from state information systems of the Russian Federation and open information systems of commercial digital aggregators. The assessment was carried out with the use of technologies and analytics of the ArcGIS 10.6 program. The Novosibirsk, Omsk, Barnaul, and Tomsk agglomerations have concentrated clusters of investment projects for the processing of agricultural products. The eastern part of the macrozone is characterized by more focal investment activity, the largest of which is the eastern agglomeration of Krasnoyarsk. Investment projects in Kuzbass and the Irkutsk region are dispersed along the main transport routes. The republics of Altai and Tyva and the northern municipalities of the Tomsk and Irkutsk regions remain on the periphery of active transport contacts. Inside the highway part of the region there are areas of low efficiency in the use of transport potential, which makes it possible to increase the investment attractiveness of individual agricultural locations based on a combination of interspecies interaction.

Elucidating the synergistic effect of acidity and metalloid poisoning on the microbiome through metagenomics and machine learning approaches

The abundance and diversity of the microflora in a complex environment such as soil is everchanging. Mica mining has led to metalloid poisoning and changes in soil biogeochemistry affecting the overall produce and leading to toxic dietary exposure. The study focuses on two prominent stressors acidity and arsenic, in mining-contaminated agricultural locations. Soil samples were collected from agricultural fields at a distance of 50 m (zone 1) and 500 m (zone 2) from active mines. Mean arsenic concentration was higher in zone 1 and pH was lower. Geostatistical and self-organizing maps were employed to report that the pattern of localization of soil acidity and arsenic content is similar indicating a causal relationship. Cluster and principal component analysis were further used to materialize a negative effect of soil acidity fractions and arsenic labile pool on soil enzymatic activity (fluorescein diacetate, dehydrogenase, β-1,4-glucosidase, phosphatase, and urease), respiration and Microbial biomass carbon. Soil metagenomic analysis revealed significant differences in the abundance of microbial populations with zone 1 (contaminated zone) having lower alpha and beta diversity. Finally, the efficacy of several machine-learning tools was tested using Taylor diagrams and an effort was made to select a potent algorithm to predict the causal stressors responsible for depreciating soil microbial health. Random Forrest had superior predictive power based on numerical evidence and was therefore chosen as the best-fitted model. The aforementioned insights into soil microbial health and sustenance in stressed conditions can be beneficial for predicting remedial strategies and practicing sustainable agriculture.

Evaluation of pollution with some heavy metals for soils and plants of agricultural Locations in Basrah province

To Evaluate the state of pollution with heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb), ten Locations with different chemical and physical properties were selected from the agricultural Locations of Basrah province: 1/Al-Qurna, 2/Al-Madina, 3/Al-Dair, 4/Al-Haritha, and 5/Karmat Ali (University). ), 6/ Al-Tanuma, 7/ Abu Al-Khasib, 8/ Al-Siba, 9/ Al-Faw and 10/ Al-Zubayr (Al-Burjisiya station) and a site was chosen for comparison, where soil samples were collected from agricultural Locations close to the source of pollution, while plant samples were collected from near and far from the source Pollution and the necessary analyzes were Carried out for the study. The results showed an increase in the concentration of total heavy metals in the soils of most of the study Locations, and they were polluted compared to the comparison treatment. The soils of most agricultural Locations exceeded the internationally permissible limits. The results indicated that the total average concentration of lead, Nickel, copper, chromium and zinc in the Hartha area (the fourth site) was 615.88, 165.55, 390.40, 48.45, 465.83 mg kg-1 soil sequentially, which is higher compared to the average concentration in other agricultural sites, as well as the concentrations of heavy metals increased (Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn) in plants grown in locations close from the source of pollution. The concentrations of these elements decreased in plants far from the source of pollution. It is noted that the pollution factor (CF) values of Pb and Zn in all study Locations ranged from moderate contamination to very high contamination. Keywords: PLI, pollution Factor (CF), oil installations, soil pollution, plant pollution.

A general methodology for the quantification of crop canopy nitrogen across diverse species using airborne imaging spectroscopy

Accurate monitoring of crop nitrogen (N) across spatial and temporal scales is a fundamental goal for meeting precision agriculture requirements and promoting sustainable agriculture. The planning and implementation of several spaceborne imaging spectroscopy missions in recent years holds great promise for such large scale and intricate monitoring. Several N retrieval models have been developed for specific crop species, but a generalized model across diverse species is lacking. By leveraging imaging spectroscopy data collected by the Global Airborne Observatory (GAO), and leaf samples collected from commercial and research farms, we used partial least squares regression to calibrate and validate the retrieval of mass-based crop canopy N concentrations across diverse species and several major agricultural regions in the contiguous United States. The performance statistics indicated high precision and accuracy of the model results, suggesting that the development of a generalized N retrieval model is possible (R2: 0.78; RMSE: 0.49% N). Maps derived from GAO data provided quantitative crop N information at fine spatial resolution (i.e., 0.6 m), capturing both inter- and intra-species variations across agricultural locations. The algorithm was also successfully tested on simulated moderate resolution (i.e., 30 m) imagery, corresponding to data to be collected by forthcoming spaceborne imaging spectroscopy missions. Imaging spectroscopy offers an effective approach to quantify crop N concentration that could be incorporated to promote sustainable agriculture and improve global food security.

Data note: Spatializing South African agricultural censuses, 1918–2017

ABSTRACT Agriculture is an intrinsically spatial production process. Where on the landscape agriculture occurs affects the environmental (e.g., soil, water, climate) factors that have large output and production risk consequences. The location of agriculture also has substantial logistic, policy and market performance implications. To facilitate analysis of the spatial dynamics of agriculture, we developed a collection of new ADM 2 boundary files whose geographical dimensions and naming standards map directly to the 18 agricultural censuses that report farm inputs, outputs and related statistics for South African agriculture over the period 1918–2017. The statistical aggregates – representing Magisterial and Municipal Districts –, changed in number, area size and boundaries over time. Cross-referencing these changing statistical aggregates to our newly digitised census boundaries, is an essential step for any geospatial assessment of the causes and (productivity and environmental) consequences associated with the changing physical footprint of South African agriculture over the past century.

Metabolomics study on the main volatile components of Thai colored rice cultivars from different agricultural locations

This study investigated the main volatile components in ten Thai colored rice varieties cultivated in two agricultural locations of Thailand (Central and Northern region) using a static headspace GC–MS metabolomics approach. The results indicated that volatolomics could successfully differentiate between the geographical origins of the same rice variety grown in regions within the same country. The volatile profiles of the colored rice obtained from the two locations were clearly different, with three volatile compounds isolated as key aroma producers in each area. Primary volatile compounds upregulated in colored rice varieties grown in Northern Thailand included undecanoic acid, 10-methyl-methyl ester; methyl 8-methyl-nonanoate; and pyrimidine, 4-methyl. Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; methyl 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate; and 10-octadecenoic acid methyl ester were upregulated in the rice samples grown in Central Thailand. The environmental factors that could affect colored rice aroma at the agricultural sites included temperature, downward surface shortwave radiation, and vapor pressure deficit.

RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) INPARI 42 VARIETY GROWTH AND PRODUCTION IN RESPONSE TO BOKASHI AND PHONSKA NPK FERTILIZER

This study aims to investigate the optimum dosage of Bokashi and Phonska NPK fertilizer on the growth and production of the Inpari 42 rice variety. This investigation was conducted at the agricultural location of Ulu Mowewe Village, Mowewe District, East Kolaka Regency. The experiment used was the Split Plot Design (RPT). The factorial pattern consists of two treatment factors, namely the Bokashi (B) treatment factor with three levels, namely: B1 = 1.2 kg/plot, B2 = 2.4 kg/plot, and B3 = 4.8 kg/plot, and the treatment factor Phonska NPK, which consists of three levels, namely N1 = 0.18 kg/plot, N2 = 0.36 kg/plot, and N1 = 0.54 kg/plot. Parameters observed in the study were: plant height, number of tillers, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, panicle length, number of panicles or clumps, number of grain or panicles, number of filled grain or panicles, the weight of 1000 grain grains, dry milled grain yield (GKG) per plot, Milled Dry Unhulled grain yield (GKG) per conversion. The data were processed using variance (ANOVA) and followed by the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the combined dose of Bokashi and Phonska NPK fertilizer significantly affected plant height (cm), the number of tillers, the number of leaves (strands), leaf length (cm), leaf width (cm), panicle length (cm), number/panicle, total grain/panicle, total grain/panicle, and yield of dry milled grain (GKG)/slot (kg), the yield of dry milled unhulled grain (GKG)/conversion (tons) The dose treatment of Bokashi and Phonska NPK showed that the optimum combination dose of Bokashi and Phonska NPK for the growth and yield of Inpari 42 rice was B3N2 (4.8 kg and 0.3 kg/plot).

Archival Analysis of Slash-And-Burn Agriculture in the Northern Ural Mountains at the End of the Nineteenth Century

AbstractAt the end of the nineteenth century, the northern territories of the Russian Plain and western piedmont of Northern Ural Mountains were under various land-use systems, including slash-and-burn (SAB) agriculture. Using archival materials for the years 1880–1910 as data sources, we analyse the the location and extent of SAB agriculture, it timing, and its impact on the landscapes at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and present a review of the historical and ethnographic literature. The study area is in the western piedmont of the Northern Ural Mountains, between the Kama and Pechora rivers in dark conifer dominated forests. The population is sparse (14 people per 100 km² in 1900) and settled along the rivers. In 1885 the practice of SAB agriculture was totally prohibited, but the unusually large crop harvest during the first years of the ban led people to risk breaking the law. Between the years 1885 and 1894 a total number of 175 SAB cases was recorded in the study area. The SAB sites were used only once before being abandoned. The recorded plots were usually cultivated by one family. They small (0.03 ha to 2.70 ha, with a median of 0.55 ha) and located within 7.5 km of the settlements. The practice SAB agriculture led to the formation of mosaics of multiple-aged pyrogenic forest associations near the settlements.

Chemical identity of carbon substrates drives differences in denitrification and N2O reduction within agricultural soils

Rates of nitrous oxide (N2O) production from agricultural soils are highly variable across space and time. Improving predictions of N2O emissions will require improving our understanding of the drivers of denitrification and the sources of variability in the rates of N2O production between soils and over time. While the amount of available carbon (C) is a known control on denitrification and N2O reduction, relatively little attention has been paid to the effect of the chemical identity of C substrates on rates of denitrification and N2O reduction. We investigated the effects of twelve different C-substrate additions on the production and reduction of N2O in five soils taken from two distinct agricultural locations in Michigan under multiple land uses. We provided additions of glucose, cellulose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, chitin, amino acids, protein, vanillyl alcohol, lignin, citrate, succinate, methanol, and water in laboratory denitrification potential assays to determine the effects of denitrifier C preference on denitrification rates. We found that amino acids, protein, and organic acids stimulated the greatest rates of denitrification potential across all land uses. Similarly, we found these same substrates caused the most N2O reduction, resulting in the lowest net concentrations of N2O. Soils from agricultural rotations without cover crops had overall lower rates of denitrifier activity, leading to less net N2O production compared to soils from other land uses. In general, C-utilization patterns were similar among all soils, and C-substrate identity had a much stronger effect than land use. Here, we demonstrate that the chemical identity of available C gives rise to wide variability in rates of denitrification and N2O reduction.