Localized Hypertrichosis Research Articles

What Do We Know About Hair Growth Induced by Wounding and Its Therapeutic Applications?

Many studies have reported the role of hair follicles (HFs) in the wound healing response, and vice versa, the creation of superficial injuries may stimulate hair growth, which has encouraged new treatments for hair loss. To review the phenomenon of wound-induced hair growth and the usefulness of therapeutic procedures based on skin wounding in androgenetic alopecia (AGA). A literature search was conducted to review cases of localized hypertrichosis induced by wounds and the role of microneedling, fractional laser, and scalp threading as monotherapy for AGA. Localized hypertrichosis has been extensively reported after bone fractures, burn injury, chronic venous ulcer, etc. Only 2 cases of wound-induced hair neogenesis in humans have been reported. As monotherapy for AGA, 1 of 3 studies of microneedling, 4 of 6 of fractional lasers, and 2 of 3 studies of scalp threading show good efficacy. Certain types of wounds seem to stimulate localized hair growth in humans, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Reports on wound-induced HF neogenesis in humans are anecdotal and questions remain as to whether this is a true phenomenon in humans. Further clinical studies are needed before recommending wound-induced hair growth procedures as therapies for AGA.

Focal Hypertrichosis in an Infant as the Presenting Sign of Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), or Gorlin Syndrome, is a neurocutaneous disorder caused by mutations in the PTCH1 or, less commonly, SUFU genes. Mutations in these genes lead to malfunction of the sonic hedgehog pathway, causing unregulated cell proliferation and differentiation. As the sonic hedgehog pathway affects hair follicle growth and development, PTCH1 mutations could lead to unregulated hair follicle proliferation. We present the case of a patient whose discrete tufts of hair led to the diagnosis of NBCCS. This case demonstrates that NBCCS should be considered within the differential diagnosis of localized hypertrichosis, as this patient is the sixth case to demonstrate this finding as an early cutaneous sign of BCNS.

Hypertricosis overlying plexiform neurofibroma in a female patient: a rare presentation

Periorbital neurofibromas can occur either in isolation or in association with neurofibromatosis (NF). Neurofibromas in the periorbital region account for 0.5-2.4% of orbital tumours. Hypertrichosis overlying neurofibromas are rarely reported cases in literature. We report a case of localized hypertrichosis overlying neurofibroma in a 27 year old female with no other features of neurofibromatosis. Neurofibromas can occur as solitary lesions or in association with neurofibromatosis. Our patient had diffuse hypertrichosis on a hyperpigmented macule overlying and around the periorbital neurofibroma.

Signes cutanés des dysraphies occultes cranioencéphaliques et spinales

Dysraphism refers to neural tube closure abnormalities and midline closure abnormalities of the skin, paravertebral muscles, vertebrae and meninges. Cranial dysraphism (CD) and occult spinal dysraphism (OSD) may be discovered via evocative skin signs present at birth or appearing later in childhood or even in adulthood. This review describes the various types of skin signs associated with CD and OSD. All congenital midline skin lesions, particularly on the frontonasal area, the vertex or the occipitocervical and low back regions, should prompt suspicion of underlying dysraphism. The main evocative midline skin abnormalities are: (i) for underlying DCEO: a nodule, swelling, skin openings and hair collar sign or hair tuft; (ii) for underlying DSO, localized hypertrichosis, an atypical or complex lower back dimple, a dermoid fistula, infantile haemangioma, caudal appendage and lipoma. In the event of suspected DCEO or DSO, spinal or medullary MRI constitutes the reference examination.

Persistent localized hypertrichosis in a Caucasian child at sites of DTPa and chickenpox vaccination

Persistent localized hypertrichosis in a Caucasian child at sites of DTPa and chickenpox vaccination

Linear Lichen and Anterior Cervical Hypertrichosis: Unusual Association

Linear lichen planus is a rare variety of lichen planus characterized by lesions following the lines of Blaschko. Anterior cervical hypertrichosis is a rare and unrecognized form of local congenital hypertrichosis. It is characterized by the presence of a tuft of terminal hair on the anterior cervical region. We report an exceptional association of these two entities.

Hypertrichosis due to black henna tattoo treated with 755 nm Alexandrite Laser

Henna is the powdered leaf of Lawsonia Inermis, and has been widely used as a dye for the skin, hair and nails. Black henna is composed of henna itself with p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and used for temporary black henna tattoos. The PPD compound of the henna transforms the harmless henna to an allergenic material and generalized erythema multiforme, Sweet’s syndrome, acquired leucoderma, urticaria and angioneurotic edema are the other reported rare complications of black henna tattoos. Localized hypertrichosis on the temporary henna tattoo is not a usual side effect and there are a few reports about this topic. The common point of these cases is disappearance of the hypertrichosis within 4-5 months. Notwithstanding the fact that the treatment is not certainly necessary, it could be a problem for some patients because of its cosmetic concern. This case is an example of localized hypertrichosis after henna tattoo and treated immediately with 755 nm Alexandrite Laser in one session.

Acquired Localized Hypertrichosis Induced by Rivastigmine.

Hypertrichosis is the excessive hair growth in any area of the skin surface. Acquired localized hypertrichosis may be secondary to multiple causes and there is a secondary form due to several drugs, which is usually reversible with discontinuation of the causative agent. Rivastigmine is a reversible and competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase used for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer dementia and Parkinson's disease. It has an adequate safety profile and cutaneous side effects are unusual. Irritant contact dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, baboon syndrome, and cutaneous rash due to rivastigmine have been reported. We report on a Caucasian 80-year-old male with personal history of Alzheimer's disease. The patient started therapy with oral rivastigmine one month prior to clinical presentation of localized hypertrichosis on both forearms. Norgalanthamine has been shown to promote hair growth activity via the proliferation of dermal papilla. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can induce hair growth.

Nevoid Hypertrichosis Associated with Spina Bifida

Introduction: Nevoid hypertrichosis is a rare disease characterized by the presence of terminal hair in a circumscribed distribution present since birth [1] The disorder has been associated with abnormalities of skin and other organs. We present a case of nevoid hypertrichosis associated with spinal dysraphism. Case Presentation: A 14 year old female presented with a patch of hair on her lower back since infancy (Figure 1). There was history of prolonged low backache. The antenatal and birth history was uneventful. Developmental milestones achieved by her were normal for age. There was no history of urinary or fecal incontinence or lower limb weakness. On examination, a well-defined patch of terminal, dark hair was noted on the lumbosacral region in the midline, though a tuft of hair was not present. Underlying skin was normal. No other cutaneous or mucosal abnormality was noted in the patient. No sensory or motor deficit was elicited. Pelvic radiograph (anteroposterior view) revealed spina bifida at L5 level and scoliosis (Figure 2). No other bony or articular abnormality was found. Vertebral height and intervertebral disc spaces were maintained. Soft tissue appeared to be normal. Based on history and examination, a diagnosis of nevoid hypertrichosis with spina bifida was made. Discussion: Nevoid hypertrichosis is the presence of well-defined patch of terminal hair present since birth, though it may develop some time after birth as well. Though usually single, it may be multiple and may be present along Blaschko’s lines [2]. Reports of depigmented hair also exist [3]. Several case reports suggest an association with cutaneous hypopigmentation, hypertrichosis cubiti and disorders of the eye, face, nails, bones, teeth, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system and respiratory system [4]. Nevoid hypertrichosis has to be differentiated from other causes of congenital hypertrichoses like congenital melanocyticnevus, congenital smooth muscle hamartoma and Becker’s nevus. Faun tail deformity is a localized hypertrichosis presenting on the lumbosacral region with a tuft of terminal hair and associated with spinal cord defects. Our patient had features similar to faun tail, but a tuft of hair was absent. Nevoid hypertrichosis persists for life and treatment might be sought for cosmetic reasons. Lasers can be used for hair reduction. Spontaneous resolution of the nevoid hypertrichosis has also been reported [5]. Conclusion This case highlights the fact that patients of nevoid hypertrichosis need to be investigated for other systemic abnormalities.

Fibrous Hamartoma of Infancy: A Firm Plaque Presenting with Hypertrichosis and Hyperhidrosis

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is a rare, benign, soft tissue tumor. The lesion's clinical resemblance to more aggressive soft tissue tumors of childhood makes histologic diagnosis paramount. We report a unique presentation of a FHI associated with localized hypertrichosis and hyperhidrosis.

Clinicopathological analysis of 21 patients with stiff skin syndrome

Objective To assess the clinicopathological characteristics of stiff skin syndrome.Methods The clinical and histopathological manifestations of 21 patients with stiff skin syndrome were retrospectively studied.Results There were 7 males and 14 females among the 21 patients.The average age at onset was 5.2 ± 4.2 years.Buttocks,thighs,waist,shoulders and back were the most frequently involved sites in these patients.Clinical manifestations mainly included skin stiffness,localized hypertrichosis and pigmentation.Limited joint mobility was also observed in some patients.Histological examination showed an increase in the number and diameter of collagen fibers in the dermis without infiltration of inflammatory cells.Conclusions Stiff skin syndrome often occurs at birth or in early childhood with skin stiffness,limited joint mobility,and hypertrichosis as the most common clinical manifestations. Key words: Stiff skin syndrome; Sclerosis; Connective tissue

Localized hypertrichosis after index finger revascularization and complex regional pain syndrome.

Localized hypertrichosis after index finger revascularization and complex regional pain syndrome.

Congenital Stigmatıc Alopecıas Associated with Occult Spinal Dysraphısm

Spinal dysraphism is one of the most frequent malformations, and is defined as a spectrum of congenital anomalies characterized by an incomplete fusion of the midline mesenchymal, bony, or neural elements of the spine.Both the skin and nervous tissue anomalies which originate from ectoderm may occur simultaneously. It can be occult or cystic. Occult forms (occult spinal dysraphism) are characterized by skin-covered lesions without exposed neural tissue. The diagnosis of the occult spinal disraphism is usually made based on a suspicion of the midline paraspinal skin lesions, mostly localized in the lumbosacral area such as subcutaneous lipomas, dermal sinuses, tails, sacral dimple, localized hypertrichosis, hyperpigmented lesions, hemangioma, mongolian spot, pigmentary nevus, and aplasia cutis congenita. Here we described four male babies with occult spinal dysraphism associated with unusual alopecic scalp lesions.

Hypertrichose cervicale antérieure sporadique

Anterior cervical hypertrichosis is a rare and little-known form of congenital localized hypertrichosis. It is characterized by the presence of a tuft of terminal hairs in the anterior cervical region. We report four typical clinical observations of this condition. Four patients aged from 5 to 21 years were seen for a tuft of terminal long hair on the neck, next to the cricoid cartilage, recorded at birth or during early childhood. There was no indication of previous trauma or topical drug application. No similar familial history was found. In one case, histological examination performed for suspicion of an "atypical" smooth muscle hamartoma contributed nothing of note. No neurological abnormalities were observed. In one case there was a history of chronic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and familial thyroid disease. Treatment with 5 sessions of laser hair removal was proposed in one case and the improvement was considered satisfactory by the patient. Anterior cervical hypertrichosis constitute a specific clinical picture of a benign nature, and is sometimes associated with neurological, orthopaedic or ocular abnormalities. Although rarely reported, its frequency is probably underestimated.

Top-Accessed Article: Primary Generalized and Localized Hypertrichosis in Children

Top-Accessed Article: Primary Generalized and Localized Hypertrichosis in Children

Acquired Localized Hypertrichosis Induced by Internal Fixation and Plaster Cast Application

Hypertrichosis refers to increased vellus hair growth and is independent to androgen excess. The acquired localized hypertrichosis (ALH) is one of the typical hypertrichosis, which mainly results from chronic irritation, inflammation, friction, and occlusion by plaster of Paris. Here, we report a young boy who had ALH on his right hand following a closed fracture with internal fixation and plaster cast application. The case is unusual because the hairy area is limited to the operative region of internal fixation. We suggest that the local vascular changes and skin inflammation induced by internal fixation and plaster cast application may be associated with ALH.

Traumatic panniculitis with localized hypertrichosis: Two new cases and considerations

The Journal of DermatologyVolume 40, Issue 2 p. 139-141 Letter to the Editor Traumatic panniculitis with localized hypertrichosis: Two new cases and considerations Ji H. LEE, Ji H. LEE Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorKyung E. JUNG, Kyung E. JUNG Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorHei S. KIM, Hei S. KIM Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorHyung O. KIM, Hyung O. KIM Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorYoung M. PARK, Young M. PARK Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJun Y. LEE, Corresponding Author Jun Y. LEE Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaCorrespondence: Jun Young Lee, M.D., Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea. Email: jylee@catholic.ac.krSearch for more papers by this author Ji H. LEE, Ji H. LEE Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorKyung E. JUNG, Kyung E. JUNG Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorHei S. KIM, Hei S. KIM Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorHyung O. KIM, Hyung O. KIM Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorYoung M. PARK, Young M. PARK Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaSearch for more papers by this authorJun Y. LEE, Corresponding Author Jun Y. LEE Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaCorrespondence: Jun Young Lee, M.D., Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul 137-701, Korea. Email: jylee@catholic.ac.krSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 October 2012 https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.12018Citations: 1Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume40, Issue2February 2013Pages 139-141 RelatedInformation

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma causing walking difficulties

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (EAH) is a rare tumoral lesion that consists of vascular and eccrine malformation and often occurs in the distal extremities of children. Although EAH is benign, a therapeutic excision may be required for symptomatic or cosmetic considerations. We hereby report a typical case of EAH presenting as a painful and rapidly growing plaque on the right thigh. The associated symptoms of pain, hyperhidrosis and local hypertrichosis caused walking difficulties until the patient was cured by two excisional surgeries.

Hypertrichosis after surgery for cubital tunnel syndrome

A 37-year-old male was seen for medial elbow pain and paresthesia on the medial side of his left forearm. He denied having any weakness or pain in the neck and the left shoulder. There was no antecedent trauma, and his medical history was unremarkable except for Graves’ disease and urolithiasis. The neurological examination disclosed a positive Tinel’s sign over the cubital tunnel, hypoesthesia in the forth and fifth fingers and mild weakness of the ulnar nerve innervated intrinsic hand muscles on the left upper extremity. There was no hypothenar or intrinsic muscle atrophy. Nerve conduction studies were consistent with entrapment of the left ulnar nerve at the level of the cubital tunnel (normal on the right side). Likewise, sonographic imaging revealed focal mild enlargement of the left ulnar nerve immediately proximal to the cubital tunnel. Initially, the patient was followed conservatively with a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, a static elbow splint and physical therapy for 2 months. However, as the patient’s symptoms did not improve, he underwent surgery where decompression and anterior submuscular transposition of the left ulnar nerve were performed via medial approach to the cubital tunnel. Postoperatively, the patient used a long arm–forearm cast was for 3 weeks. Thereafter, he noticed increased hair growth on the distribution of the ulnar nerve over the left forearm and hand (Fig. 1). He was called for a control visit with a diagnosis of local hypertrichosis. Increased growth of hair on nonandrogen-dependent parts of the body is called hypertrichosis. It is generally classified based on the time of onset (congenital or acquired) and distribution (localized or generalized) [1]. The etiologies for acquired localized hypertrichosis include inflammation involving the skin, such as produced by infection, recent surgery, trauma, radiation, burns, insect bites, dermatologic disorders, and medication, scleroderma, vascular conditions, cast application, and reflex sympathetic dystrophy [2–4]. It has been reported that hypertrichosis might even ensue in reflex sympathetic dystrophy secondary to lumbar disk herniation [4]. In our case, although surgery and cast use seemed to be the two possible contributors, our patient was interesting since hypertrichosis was present not only in one area but along the ulnar nerve dermatome. Therefore, keeping in mind the fact that increased blood supply is one of the main underlying mechanisms of hypertrichosis, we believe that altered sympathetic innervations (provided by the ulnar nerve) after release surgery might have played role in our patient. Accordingly, presenting this rare clinical scenario of hypertrichosis after surgery for cubital tunnel syndrome, we imply that similar complaints may occur not only due to the neural injury itself but also during the period of neural recovery.

Two Cases of Isolated Anterior Cervical Hypertrichosis

Two unrelated Hispanic females, ages 4 and 3 years, respectively, each presented with a solitary patch of excessive terminal hair growth in the midline of the neck. This rare form of congenital localized hypertrichosis, known as anterior cervical hypertrichosis, is reported here as an isolated defect with no other underlying abnormalities.