Local Domain Research Articles

Simulated retail food environments: A literature review of systems science approaches to advance equity in access to healthy diets.

As researchers increasingly utilize systems science simulation modeling (SSSM), little is known about how and by whom SSSMs are being leveraged to address inequities in access to healthy diets. We evaluated the extent to which studies (n = 66) employing SSSM to examine retail food environments (RFEs): included three pillars of equity (social position, human capital, socioeconomic and political context) that shape RFEs and access to healthy diets; grounded model design and development in theory; engaged with diverse stakeholders and lived experiences related to RFEs; and translated model findings towards addressing inequities in RFEs. Most studies (n = 58) included some model characteristics related to social position (e.g., age). Characteristics related to human capital (e.g., meal planning skills) were the least integrated fundamental pillar (n = 15). All studies included some characteristics related to socioeconomic and political context; however, we found little to no incorporation of social contexts (e.g., cultural and societal norms). Regarding model design and development, less than one-third of studies specified theoretical frameworks or engaged with local domain experts and stakeholders. While certain research objectives and, consequently, model types lend themselves better than others to address key pillars that influence RFEs, findings show that models are not fully leveraging SSSMs to analyze the multiple, interacting dimensions - particularly social phenomena - influencing equity in access to healthy diets. Greater attention to engaging stakeholders and the role of human capital and social contexts will likely better equip models to more holistically examine equitable food access, including essential pathways and unintended consequences of programs and policies.

Controlling formal fibers of countably many principal prime ideals

Let [Formula: see text] be a complete local (Noetherian) ring. For each [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be a nonempty countable set of nonmaximal, pairwise incomparable prime ideals of [Formula: see text], and suppose that if [Formula: see text], then either [Formula: see text] or no element of [Formula: see text] is contained in an element of [Formula: see text]. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for [Formula: see text] to be the completion of a local integral domain [Formula: see text] satisfying the condition that, for all [Formula: see text], there is a nonzero prime element [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is exactly the set of maximal elements of the formal fiber of [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]. We then prove related results where the domain [Formula: see text] is required to be countable and/or excellent.

Genetic Characterization of HIV-1 tat Gene from Virologically Controlled Aging Individuals with HIV on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy.

Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) that reduces the viral load to undetectable levels and improve CD4 T cell counts, viral eradication has not been achieved due to HIV-1 persistence in resting CD4+ T-cells. We, therefore, characterized the tat gene, which is essential for HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis, from 20 virologically controlled aging individuals with HIV (HIV+) on long-term ART and improved CD4+ T-cell counts, with a particular focus on older individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell genomic DNA from HIV+ were used to amplify tat gene by polymerase chain reaction followed by nucleotide sequencing and analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that each HIV+ tat sequences were confined to their own subtrees and well discriminated from other HIV+ sequences. Moreover, there was a low degree of viral heterogeneity and lower estimates of genetic diversity within these individuals' tat sequences, which decreased with increasing CD4 T counts in these HIV+. Most HIV+ Tat deduced amino acid sequences showed intact open reading frames and maintained the important functional domains for Tat functions, including transactivation, TAR binding, and nuclear localization. Furthermore, Tat-deduced amino acid sequences showed variation in previously characterized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes, suggesting escape mutants. In conclusion, a low degree of genetic variability and conservation of functional domains and variations in CTL epitopes were the features of tat sequences that may be contributing to viral persistence in these 20 aging individuals with HIV on long-term ART.

Influence of Gravitation on the Origin and Propagation of Electromagnetic Radiation

Impressively, against the background of extraordinary advances in physics and technology, the mainstream continues to support the two most obvious delusions in 20th-century physics: "special relativity" and "the accelerating expansion of the universe". Both of these problems are based on a lack of understanding of the nature and behavior of electromagnetic radiation in the gravitational field. In this paper, an attempt is made to present a new approach to this problem. To understand the real fabric of the Universe, to understand the influence of gravitation on the characteristics of light (frequency, wavelength, speed of light in vacuum), we must first be aware of the nature of electromagnetic radiation and the nature of the medium of propagation of electromagnetic radiation. In this respect, as discussed at the 3rd Annual International Conference on Physics, 20 – 23 July 2015, in Athens, Greece, the characteristics of electromagnetic radiation must be considered in two aspects: • In the “local time-spatial domains in any place of the Universe” (the regions with a uniform intensity of the gravitational field), and • In the “global physical reality of the Universe” (related to the regions with different intensities of the gravitational field as an infinite set of local time-space domains). On the basis of the modern achievements of science and the analysis of the behavior of electromagnetic radiation in the local and global physical reality of the Universe, this article contains the following scientific contribution: “Thesis On the Behavior of Electromagnetic Radiation in the Gravitational Field of the Universe”, which should replace the erroneous “postulate of the constancy of the speed of light for all inertial frames of reference”. This thesis also ends the delusion that the speed of light in vacuum measured on the Earth’s surface is the limit speed for the entire Universe.

Regular sequence graph of Noetherian normal local domain

Regular sequence graph of Noetherian normal local domain

FDFK2D: Efficient Two-Dimensional Teleseismic Wavefield Modeling for Receiver Function Analysis Using a Hybrid Method

Abstract We develop a Fortran package with high programming optimization and parallel computing for simulating high-frequency (>1 Hz) teleseismic wavefields using a hybrid numerical method that couples the finite-difference (FD) and frequency–wavenumber (FK) methods. This method can simulate the interactions of incoming teleseismic wavefields with local heterogeneities but reduce computational region to a much smaller localized domain, which can significantly reduce the computing cost of the high-frequency teleseismic wavefields. The local heterogeneities are allowed to vary arbitrarily in a localized heterogeneous domain. In this package, the geographical locations of earthquakes are permitted, which can consider the real azimuthal effect of the source. Numerical benchmark tests first demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method for P- and S-wave receiver functions (RFs). The consistent travel times of synthetic and theoretical RFs phases demonstrate its high accuracy. Application on a dense array generally obtains consistent RFs profiles with observed ones and successfully reproduces the observed common-converted-point (CCP) stacking image, which further verifies the effectiveness of the presented method. In addition, statistics of the time-consuming of typical models illustrate the high efficiency of this package, which needs very little computing resources even to be feasible on a laptop.

Recognition of building group patterns using GCN and knowledge graph

Effective identification of building patterns can improve the quality of automated map generalization. Established methods are limited by complex rule definitions and cannot fully consider the local domain information of buildings patterns, and few studies have focused on recognizing multiple building group patterns using GCN. Therefore, we propose a new model for recognizing building patterns by combining knowledge graph methods and GCN methods. First, the features of individual buildings are acquired, then the graph structure of building is constructed, and finally, by means of GCN and knowledge embedding, the features of buildings are efficiently learned on the basis of the graph structure of building patterns, and the pattern features of building are extracted, so as to realize the recognition of building patterns. The results show that the training accuracy and testing accuracy reach 99.03% and 95.89%, respectively. Compared with other methods, the proposed model can effectively utilize the local spatial information of building patterns and accurately recognize building patterns.

Revisiting global Perinormality in a generalized D + M construction

Klawa proved that global perinormality is preserved in a pullback construction which encompasses a classical D + M construction (Klawa H. (2023). Global perinormality in a generalized D + M construction. Communications in Algebra, 51:3015–3019). More precisely, if ( T , M ) is a local domain, with the residue field k, and an integral domain D whose quotient field is k, Klawa proved that if the pullback D × k T is globally perinormal, then D and T are also globally perinormal. We generalize this result by dropping the localness assumption from T. Several additional results, which are of independent interest, are also proved.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging of Twist Domains in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructures.

Twisted two-dimensional (2D) material heterostructures provide an exciting platform for investigating fundamental physical phenomena. Many of the most interesting behaviors emerge at small twist angles, where the materials reconstruct to form areas of perfectly stacked crystals separated by partial dislocations. However, understanding the properties of these systems is often impossible without correlative imaging of their local reconstructed domain configuration, which exhibits random variations due to disorder and contamination. In particular, visualization of the local domain configuration allows determination of the local twist angle and, hence, the local lattice strain. Here, we demonstrate a simple and widely accessible route to visualize domains in the as-produced twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures using electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This nondestructive approach is compatible with conventional substrates and allows domains to be visualized even when sealed beneath an encapsulation layer. Complementary theoretical calculations reveal how a combination of elastic and inelastic scattering leads to contrast inversions at the specified detector scattering angles and sample tilts. We demonstrate that optimal domain contrast is therefore achieved by maximizing signal collection while avoiding contrast inversion conditions.

Non-intrusive implementation of the Generalized Finite Element Method with Global-Local Enrichment for multi-domain analysis

This work proposes a non-intrusive implementation of the Generalized Finite Element Method with Global-Local enrichment (GFEMgl-IGL) for multi-domain analysis. In GFEMgl-IGL, the global problem is initially discretized with a coarse mesh and without considering localized phenomena. The solution of this domain is obtained through the standard formulation of the Finite Element Method, using the commercial software Abaqus in this work. Following, mesoscales, as many as necessary, are defined as intermediate problems between the global and local domains (where localized phenomena of interest, such as cracks, are effectively represented). The global-local enrichment of the GFEMgl determines the association of each mesoscale with the respective local problem. The coupling of mesoscales with the global problem is established through the transfer of displacements and generalized forces, defining the non-intrusive strategy denominated Iterative Global-Local (IGL). Numerical simulations via GFEMgl are executed in the computational system INSANE (INteractive Structural ANalysis Enviroment - www.insane.dees.ufmg.br). The combination of solvers indicated in the solution methodology focuses on endorsing the application of algorithms developed in the academy as instruments with the capacity to solve complex models utilizing commercial software. This work proposes the expansion of the implementation of the non-intrusive strategy in INSANE, enabling the consideration of multiple local domains. A numerical example is presented to show the simulation's performance and to investigate the influence of the main parameters related to the proposed strategy.

Teleseismic Full‐Waveform Tomography Based on a 3D FK‐LTSOS Hybrid Method for Local Imaging

AbstractTeleseismic waveforms contain abundant interpretable information about Earth's properties. They can be used to explore the refined structure of Earth's interior, especially in the regions with imbalanced spatial distribution of seismic activity. However, it's technically infeasible to numerically simulate high‐frequency (>1 Hz) teleseismic wave propagation within a whole domain iteratively in full‐waveform inversion due to its vast computational costs. We develop a 3D FK‐LTSOS (Frequency‐Wavenumber, Layered Time‐Space Optimized Symplectic) hybrid method and then apply it to teleseismic full‐waveform tomography to tackle this computational challenge. The 3D FK‐LTSOS hybrid method combines the semi‐analytical solution computed by the FK method rapidly in a 1D background model and the numerical solution calculated by the 3D LTSOS method accurately in 3D localized heterogeneous media with topography to simulate teleseismic wave propagation efficiently and accurately. The comparison of synthetic seismograms shows its accuracy and stability when simulating wave propagation in the topographic model. Based on this hybrid method, the teleseismic full‐waveform tomographic method is developed to efficiently resolve the detailed structure of the local research domain utilizing high‐frequency teleseismic data. The essential contents of full‐waveform tomography are presented, including misfit function, Fréchet kernels, smoothing strategy, and nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Synthetic data application for spherical anomaly models with planer surface and Gaussian topography, and observed data application for the crust‐upper mantle structure beneath eastern Tibet confirm the validity of the teleseismic full‐waveform tomography and demonstrate that our tomographic method can image the localized structures speedily from full‐waveform information.

Geotechnical and Geophysical Characterization of the Aklesal Dablyang Landslide: Implications for Slope Stability

Landslides constitute one of the principal perils in Nepal, particularly within its hilly and mountainous terrains, where a confluence of geological fragility and climatic extremities engenders precarious landscapes. Such hazards precipitate considerable loss of life and property. This investigation centers on the Aklesal Dablyang landslide in Baglung district, a potent menace to local infrastructure, agricultural domains, and human lives. By deploying a synthesis of geotechnical (laboratory-based soil analysis) and geophysical (Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)) methodologies, the intrinsic properties of the soil and rock substrata within the landslide precinct were meticulously examined. The findings reveal that the landslide comprises predominantly loose colluvial deposits with elevated moisture levels, resulting in reduced shear strength and heightened failure susceptibility. The study accentuates the pivotal influence of hydrological phenomena such as surface runoff and groundwater seepage in aggravating slope destabilization. These results underscore the exigency for efficacious risk mitigation strategies to diminish landslide impacts on vulnerable communities. The Aklesal Dablyang landslide exemplifies the intricate interplay of geological and hydrological dynamics within Nepal’s complex topographical context. This research delineates the geotechnical and geophysical determinants of slope stability, highlighting the prevalence of loose colluvial deposits exacerbated by substantial moisture content, which attenuates shear strength and heightens vulnerability to mass movement. ERT analyses divulged a stratigraphy dominated by clayey sand interspersed with cobbles and boulders, which exhibit pronounced susceptibility to mass displacement during intense monsoonal precipitation—a phenomenon exacerbated by climate change. Anthropogenic interventions, including deficient drainage systems and substandard construction methodologies, further destabilize slopes by escalating pore-water pressure and diminishing soil cohesion. The study accentuates the imperative for integrative risk management paradigms, encompassing resilient engineering solutions, hydrological controls, and community collaboration, to bolster resilience against such geo-hazards.

Effect of sub‐coercive degradation on the local piezoelectric properties in lead zirconate titanate ceramics

AbstractLead zirconate titanate (PZT) is a widely recognized piezoelectric ceramic exhibiting excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties over a wide range of temperature and frequency, making it desirable for applications such as capacitors, piezoelectric transducers, and actuators. Being subjected to repeated electrical loading in various applications, a progressive decrease in the functionality can happen, leading to device failure over time. Therefore, understanding degradation phenomena in all aspects is of importance to expand the lifespan of electronic devices. Despite of many studies focusing on the macroscopic properties of ferroelectrics related to degradation, such as switchable polarization, little is known about the change on local ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and the domain structure induced by degradation. This paper reports the effect of sub‐coercive electrical cycling on local static and dynamic piezoelectric properties for PZT ceramic using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The piezoelectric properties are probed along the three sample directions (x, y, z) to gain comprehensive insights into the local domain orientation throughout the bulk PZT sample which is then compared with microscopically measured piezoelectric coefficients. The PFM results are analyzed with respect to changes in domain orientation (depolarization) as well as to reduction on piezoelectric material response (degradation) to identify the origin of the degradation behavior. Our results directly show a strong depolarization effect in the direction of the applied electric field because of sub‐coercive cycling although it leads to small or even no degradation in directions perpendicular to the applied electric field. However, the latter is associated with a notable change in dynamic polarization switching properties which are strongly tied to the local domain structure. Our study shows that the origin of the degradation can be identified by analyzing the statistical change of local piezoelectric properties.

Local regularity for nonlocal double phase equations in the Heisenberg group

We prove interior boundedness and Hölder continuity for the weak solutions of nonlocal double phase equations in the Heisenberg group $\mathbb{H}^n$ . This solves a problem raised by Palatucci and Piccinini et al. in 2022 and 2023 for the nonlinear integro-differential problems in Heisenberg setting. Our proof of the a priori estimates bases on De Giorgi–Nash–Moser theory, where the important ingredients are Caccioppoli-type inequality and Logarithmic estimate. To achieve this goal, we establish a new and crucial Sobolev–Poincaré type inequality in local domain, which may be of independent interest and potential applications.

On the relation between negation and phases

Abstract This research article provides evidence from Jordanian Arabic (JA) that negation is syntactically bound to the projection of a phasal head, wherein NegP is structurally licensed to project exclusively within phase-bound configurations. Therefore, NegP can project separately in CP and v*P, offering support to the multi-locus view (Alqassas 2012. The morpho-syntax and pragmatics of Levantine Arabic negation: A synchronic and diachronic analysis. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University) that NegP in Arabic is not restricted to one structural position in the clause structure. NegP can rather project separately above TP or below TP. However, as we argue for in this article the projection of NegP is correlated with the presence of a phasal head (Chomsky 2007. Approaching UG from below. In Uli Sauerland & Hans-Martin Gärtner (eds.), Interfaces+recursion=language? Chomsky’s minimalism and the view from syntax-semantics, 1–30. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter). Our evidence comes from two interrelated phenomena in JA: (1) the possibility of negating the past tense copula ka:n independently from the negation of the main verb in transitive and passive sentences and (2) the impossibility of independently negating the verb and the past-tense copula ka:n in unaccusative clauses. Following Jarrah’s (2023. Passive vs. unaccusative predicates: A phase-based account. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 41. 1397–1424) assumption that unaccusative predicates, unlike passive or transitive verbs, do not project phases in JA grammar, we propose that the use of two NegPs in the same clause with unaccusative clauses is prohibited as these unaccusative predicates do not project phases. This assumption is significant as phases, local domains, are not only found to be independent in terms of their Φ-content (their head bears an independent set of unvalued Φ-features) but also in terms of negation.

Understanding Local Structure-Activity Relation in Lithium-Ion Cathodes with Solid State NMR: Effect of Dopants, Synthesis and Electrochemical Cycling

As the need for research and development efforts to enable alternative, sustainable lithium-ion cathode material is increasing, fine-tuning of the cathode composition and local structure has been focused on the use of dopants/ coatings and varying synthesis conditions such as annealing temperature and time. While changing these parameters has been shown to have significant effect on materials performance, the relation of synthesis parameters with local structure and composition and electrochemical activity is an ongoing focus area1. Solid state NMR is an important characterization technique for LIB systems as 6Li and 7Li solid state NMR can directly “see and follow” the Li cations within the structure, providing crucial information on domain structures, lithium local order changes and metal segregation. A multinuclear NMR approach is also crucial to track the dopants and study how/ if the dopants are diffusing into the bulk or remain on the surface as unintended coatings. This work covers an overview of how multinuclear solid-state NMR can be utilized to understand cathode local structure changes with synthesis, and electrochemical cycling, how dopants play a role in transition metal segregation and cathode interphase, and they affect materials performance. The NMR characterization studies focus on lithium-ion cathodes systems including lithium and manganese rich transitional metal oxide cathodes, lithium nickel oxide and nickel manganese cobalt oxides and are assisted by density functional theory calculations in providing a better understanding of the experimental characterization data and therefore local environments, domain structures and dopant effects.

Structural Evolution of Mn-Based Disordered Rock Salt Cathodes

Manganese-based disordered rock salt (DRX) oxides are promising new generation lithium-ion cathode materials due to the low costs and the high theoretical capacities. Recent research has revealed that DRX compounds with high manganese content, denoted as Li1+xMnyM1-x-yO2 (where y>0.5 and M represents hypervalent d0 ions such as Ti4+ and Nb5+), undergo a gradual capacity increase over initial charge-discharge cycles. This phenomenon coincides with the development of localized domains exhibiting a spinel-like cation arrangement within the overall disordered structure, termed the "δ phase."In my presentation, I will detail our effort on systematically investigating the structural changes occurring in manganese-based DRX compounds at various levels of lithium removal through heating. Analysis using synchrotron X-ray, neutron diffraction and 7Li solid state NMR reveals that , during the structural relaxation of delithiated DRX, lithium and manganese/titanium cations selectively migrate to different crystallographic sites within the rock salt structure, driving the observed structural rearrangements. We confirm that the structural evolution is the major factor contributing to the capacity enhancement. Furthermore, our research shows that both manganese-rich and manganese-poor DRX oxides can undergo thermal relaxation into the δ phase at delithiated states. However, the relaxation processes in DRX with different Mn content result in distinct domain structures. Calorimetry measurements and in-situ heating XRD experiments suggest that the structural relaxation exhibits a stronger thermodynamic driving force and lower activation energy for manganese-rich DRX compounds compared to manganese-poor systems. This difference explains why the observed structural evolution occurs predominantly in the former category during battery cycling. Figure 1

Enhanced cross-domain lithology classification in imbalanced datasets using an unsupervised domain Adversarial Network

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning, have significantly improved lithology identification in reservoir exploration by leveraging micrographic rock imagery. Deep neural networks excel in feature extraction, enhancing classification accuracy. However, these models are prone to domain shifts, which often degrade their performance in real-world applications. This paper proposes an unsupervised domain adaptation framework that integrates Fisher linear discriminant analysis and Online Hard Example Mining (OHEM) to mitigate domain shifts and improve classification, particularly in datasets with imbalanced classes. The model employs a ω-balanced global–local domain discriminator to align feature distributions between different domains and introduces focal loss with class-wise weighted factors for better handling of imbalanced data. Additionally, an adapted version of OHEM identifies difficult samples during training, allowing the model to concentrate on challenging cases. The proposed method is validated on micrographic rock imagery from the Tibet, Qinghai, and Xinjiang regions, achieving an average accuracy of 83.2%, which is 13.8% higher than ResNet50 and at least 1% superior to other domain adaptation models. This research highlights the potential of AI-driven solutions in geoscientific applications and provides a robust framework for unsupervised lithology classification.

A semi-Lagrangian radial basis function partition of unity closest point method for advection-diffusion equations on surfaces

A semi-Lagrangian radial basis function partition of unity (RBF-PU) closest point method is designed for solving advection-diffusion equations on surfaces. This new meshfree method combines the semi-Lagrangian method with the RBF-PU closest point method. The semi-Lagrangian RBF-PU closest point method traces the departure point backwards along the velocity field based on patches at each time step. Therefore, it saves the computational cost compared with the semi-Lagrangian radial basis function finite difference (RBF-FD) closest point method. Our proposed RBF-PU closest point method for approximating the Laplace-Beltrami operator has two main advantages over the RBF-FD closest point method. Firstly, the RBF-PU closest point method to construct the local influence domain is not required to identify the size of the computational tube. Therefore, our method is more concise and easier to implement. Secondly, the RBF-PU closest point method not only improves the accuracy but also saves computational costs, and we confirm the advantage by testing differential accuracy. Numerical experiments verify the convergence and effectiveness of the semi-Lagrangian RBF-PU closest point method.

Bending analysis of viscoelastic plates according to the Reissner’s theory using meshless local Petrov–Galerkin method and hereditary integral formulation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to apply the Meshless Local Petrov–Galerkin (MLPG) method to solve the bending problems of linear viscoelastic plates, considering Reissner’s theory.Design/methodology/approachThe weak formulation for the set of equations that govern Reissner’s plate theory is implemented in conjunction with the integral formulation applied to viscoelastic constitutive expressions. A meshless method based on the Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximation is considered in the numerical implementation. The final equation system is assembled by adopting simple and efficient schemes for numerical integration, considering a simplified formulation through centralization of the local interpolation domains and Gaussian quadrature at the same field point. The results obtained are compared with available solutions to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed formulation.FindingsThe hereditary integral approach proved to be the most general way to analyze the viscoelastic problem, especially when applied together with the modified scheme for numerical integration. In addition, the variable changing technique is demonstrated to be an efficient formulation for solving shear-locking effects in thin plate problems.Originality/valueThe differential of the present study is related to the manner in which the properties of linear viscoelastic materials are considered in the formulation. Although most authors consider this point through the application of the correspondence principle, the present study works with a hereditary integral formulation. In addition, the variable changing technique is applied to solve the shear-locking effects, and an alternative approximation technique is considered to speed up the numerical integration process.