Local Space Research Articles

Orthogonal projections in the local Dirichlet spaces

We present an explicit formula for the orthogonal projection onto the subspace of analytic polynomials of degree at most n in the local Dirichlet space D μ , where the positive measure µ consists of a finite number of Dirac measures located at points on the unit circle T . This result has two key aspects: first, while it is known that polynomials are dense in D μ , this approach offers a concrete linear approximation scheme within the space. Second, due to the orthogonality of the polynomials involved, the scheme is qualitative, as the distance of an arbitrary function f ∈ D μ to the projected subspace is explicitly determined.

The co-production of biotechnology and democratization in community science labs

ABSTRACT Biotechnological knowledge, materials and tools are becoming broadly available and accessible. As a result, biohacking – the conduct of scientific experiments and projects outside of mainstream scientific settings in academia and industry – has become increasingly possible. A global community biology movement aspiring to democratize biotechnology has emerged in the last few years, and community science labs have become particularly important local spaces for biohacking. Community science labs can be analysed as sites of embedded co-production. On the one hand, biotechnological knowledge and innovations are developed through individual and group projects. On the other hand, norms and cultures, invoked and enacted as democratization, also emerge. These co-productionist processes unfold through three sets of practices affecting who can be a scientific actor (participation), what resources they can use (accessibility), and how they can contribute to knowledge production and innovation (autonomy). Two community science labs (BioCurious and Counter Culture Labs), both located in the San Francisco Bay Area, illustrate this process. Both labs share common goals to co-produce more diverse communities and technoscientific projects that engage with biotechnology, with safety standards critical considerations. However, they uphold divergent broader political economic aspirations, leading to norms that are associated with more wide-ranging innovation pathways (BioCurious), or ones that are more narrowly restricted to open source (Counter Culture Labs). Comparisons with community science labs elsewhere, and connections to other forms of democratization, could build on these empirical and conceptual insights.

Epidemiology and spatiotemporal analysis of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in Zhejiang province, China (2004–2023)

BackgroundAcute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) has become a significant public health issue in Zhejiang province. However, the analysis of epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal patterns of AHC in Zhejiang province has not been studied yet.MethodsMonthly cases of AHC from 2004 to 2023 reported at the county level in Zhejiang province were obtained from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Demographic features, yearly county incidence, global spatial autocorrelation, local spatial autocorrelation analyses, and temporal and space–time cluster analysis were performed to identify and visualize the spatiotemporal patterns of AHC cases in Zhejiang province. The epidemiological characteristics of AHC outbreaks in the same period in Zhejiang province were also compared.ResultsA total of 52,119 AHC cases were reported in Zhejiang province, yielding an average incidence rate of 5.37 per 100,000. No fatalities were reported. The average age of those affected was 25.44 ± 4.37 years, with the highest incidence (16.70%) among individuals aged between 10 and 19 years. Seasonal peaks occur from August to October each year. Students and farmers experienced the highest incidence rates of infection. Significant positive spatial correlations for AHC were observed in Zhejiang province in the years 2007 (Moran’s I = 0.095, p = 0.039), 2009 (Moran’s I = 0.075, p = 0.031), and 2011 (Moran’s I = 0.173, p = 0.034), indicating spatial clustering. Spatiotemporal scanning identified two distinct clusters: Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Cluster 1, characterized by a relative risk of 21.44 (p < 0.001), was located in northeastern Zhejiang province, comprising 30 counties, with an active period from 1st September 2010 to 30th September 2010. Compared to low-risk regions, high-risk counties exhibited a different demographic profile with a higher proportion of men, older people, and farmers. Among the affected students during outbreaks, the predominant symptoms were conjunctival congestion, increased eye secretions, eye swelling, eye pain, photophobia and tearing, while the incidence of fever was relatively low.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of AHC cases in Zhejiang province and underscore the necessity for targeted prevention and control measures in high-risk areas to mitigate transmission and occurrence.

The Stability of TiO2 Phases Studied Using r2SCAN in the Hubbard-Corrected Density Functional Theory

Titanium dioxide is a quintessential transition metal oxide with many technologically important applications. With its richness in phases, it has also been a testing ground for numerous theoretical studies including density functional theory. We investigated several phases of TiO2 using the all-electron density functional theory with a regularized–restored strongly constrained appropriately normed (r2SCAN) exchange–correlation functional, a popular choice of meta-generalized gradient approximation (meta-GGA). Specifically, the equilibrium lattice parameters were more accurate than those predicted by GGA and agreed well overall with the experimental data. With increasing pressure, the order of stability was determined as anatase < columbite < rutile < baddeleyite < orthorhombic I < cotunnite, as in the calculations using GGA. Including the Hubbard correction term, the correct ordering between rutile, anatase, and columbite can be achieved, consistent with experimental observations. The necessary U value using r2SCAN is much smaller than that using GGA+U. In addition, the Hubbard correction method using r2SCAN is substantially less sensitive to the size of the local projection space compared to the GGA+U study reported recently. We attribute these significantly improved results to the reduced self-interaction error in the r2SCAN functional.

Inverse design of promising electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction via generative models and bird swarm algorithm

Directly generating material structures with optimal properties is a long-standing goal in material design. Traditional generative models often struggle to efficiently explore the global chemical space, limiting their utility to localized space. Here, we present a framework named Material Generation with Efficient Global Chemical Space Search (MAGECS) that addresses this challenge by integrating the bird swarm algorithm and supervised graph neural networks, enabling effective navigation of generative models in the immense chemical space towards materials with target properties. Applied to the design of alloy electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction (CO2RR), MAGECS generates over 250,000 structures, achieving a 2.5-fold increase in high-activity structures (35%) compared to random generation. Five predicted alloys— CuAl, AlPd, Sn2Pd5, Sn9Pd7, and CuAlSe2 are synthesized and characterized, with two showing around 90% Faraday efficiency for CO2RR. This work highlights the potential of MAGECS to revolutionize functional material development, paving the way for fully automated, artificial intelligence-driven material design.

Placemaking for inclusive public spaces in South African townships: a community-led approach

ABSTRACT Scholarly engagement on Southern Urban Theory offers an opportunity to analyze and deliberate case studies from cities in the South where planning practices provide useful evidence to support alternative approaches. The practice of placemaking presents a promising methodology for democratic planning in the form of a collaborative, process-orientated practice that reimagines public spaces through participatory design and community engagement. By making use of a case study example in South Africa (Cape Town), this paper positions placemaking within the discourse of southern urban theory and critically examines a community-led placemaking initiative and how participatory design processes effectively enhance local public spaces. The research challenged traditional ideologies of power and top-down planning approaches where change and action are initiated by authorities. It concluded that bottom-up initiatives to transform living environments not only capitalize on community buy-in but yield transformative processes possessing more longevity.

Tactile Maps and the Geographical Reasoning of Blind Youth and Adults in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil

Tactile cartography and the use of tactile teaching resources play a fundamental role in building the geographical reasoning of blind and low-vision students. These resources provide a sensory representation of space, allowing students to explore and understand geographical elements through touch. In this context, this study addresses the complexity of blind students’ cognitive processes when they conceive of geographical space based on the principles of analogy, connection, differentiation, distribution, extension, location and order. In view of this, the aim of this article is to evaluate the challenges and strategies related to the application of tactile cartographic resources, through the use of spatial representations on a local scale with visually impaired students at the Professora Cecy Cialdini Youth and Adult Education Center (CEJA), in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. To this end, three tactile teaching aids depicting local spaces were made using craft techniques and applied in four stages through planned pedagogical practices. With regard to the principles, we concluded that those of location and extension were the most easily assimilated, while those of distribution and spatial order required more time and effort on the part of some students. We therefore conclude that adapting teaching resources to tactile cartography represents a significant step forward in promoting geography education for all, helping to build a more equal and inclusive society. Finally, it is hoped that this work will encourage the adoption of accessible methodologies, promoting a more inclusive, meaningful and transformative geographical education.

Do firms respond to foreign competitive threats with herding or dispersion?

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine firms' response to product market threats from foreign competitors, specifically whether they pursue a strategy of dispersion or herding with regards to their product space and executive-incentive plans.Design/methodology/approachThis study applies a two-stage least squares instrumental variable (IV) approach to address endogeneity concerns. The analyses apply to a sample of 9,719 firm-pairs from 21 manufacturing industries over the period from 2006 to 2015.FindingsFirms attempt to distance themselves from their fellow incumbent firms when facing greater foreign competition, specifically with regards to their product descriptions and the incentives they provide to CEOs. This effect becomes stronger when industry peers are more likely to serve as material threats themselves.Research limitations/implicationsThese results provide encouraging opportunities for future research about the long-run implications of dispersion in local industries. The survival rate tied to the observed strategies in this study, as well as general changes to industry structure are remaining questions of interest.Practical implicationsThe observed responses by incumbent firms in this study offer insights for policymakers on tariff-setting, as tariff adjustments may influence the local product space. Additionally, the related shifts in CEO incentives inform shareholders' contracting decisions.Originality/valueThis study reveals that incumbents’ responses to foreign competition reshape local industry product spaces. Furthermore, this study sheds light on a new link between firms’ product spaces and management incentives.

An Overview of Light-Assisted CO<sub>2</sub> Cycloaddition for Cyclic Carbonate: Paths of Photo-Induced Thermal-Catalysis, Photocatalysis and Photo-Thermal Synergistic Catalysis

Review An Overview of Light-Assisted CO2 Cycloaddition for Cyclic Carbonate: Paths of Photo-Induced Thermal-Catalysis, Photocatalysis and Photo-Thermal Synergistic Catalysis Bin Zhu 1, Qichao Cao 1, Xin Ding 1,*, and Xiaolong Yang 1,2,* 1 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Marine Bio-Based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, 308 NingXia Road, Qingdao 266071, China * Correspondence: dingxin@qdu.edu.cn (X.D.); yangxl@qdu.edu.cn (X.Y.) Received: 4 November 2024; Revised: 6 January 2024; Accepted: 22 January 2025; Published: 6 February 2026 Abstract: The increase of CO2 concentration significantly results in severe greenhouse effect. Reducing emission and chemically utilizing CO2 are effective means to solve this problem. CO2 cycloaddition reaction with epoxide is atomically economical and environmentally friendly. However, current catalytic systems still have a long way to go for high catalytic efficiency under mild conditions. Solar energy has demonstrated excellent characteristics in direct photothermal utilization, photocatalytic reactions, and photoelectrochemical reactions recently. Therefore, herein this review summarizes the research work on solar energy mediated CO2 cycloaddition reactions in the past decade. Firstly, the heat generated by photothermal effects is confined to the local space and can be more effectively absorbed by reaction molecules for efficient reactions, greatly reducing the energy consumption of traditional thermal reactions. CO2 cycloaddition with carbon-based materials, polyoxometalates (POM), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and ionic liquids (ILs) as catalysts are reviewed and analyzed; Secondly, semiconductor exhibit high activity due to activation of reactants by photogenerated charges and holes. Single atom catalysts, composites, atomic clusters, MOFs, COFs, Porous organic polymers (POPs), and others used in such reaction are reviewed and analyzed; Finally, the solar light mediated photothermal synergistic catalysis and the reaction system of light and external heating synergy are introduced and analyzed. Last but not least, some issues in the development of solar energy mediated CO2 cycloaddition reactions are analyzed and discussed, and future research prospects are proposed on this basis.

A novel geometry-informed drag term formulation for pseudo-3D Stokes simulations with varying apertures

Alterations in the pore morphology of porous materials cause changes to the characteristic hydraulic properties, which are mostly non-linear and inherently difficult to predetermine. Assuming the alterations are known with sufficient accuracy, the relation between the altered pore structure, measured in terms of porosity, and intrinsic permeability may be determined by simulations with enormous computational effort. We focus on microfluidic experiments during the course of which the pore space becomes increasingly occupied with solid precipitate over elapsed process time. To analyse these domains, we present a novel geometry-informed drag formulation which allows for solving pseudo-3D Stokes equations for image-based input data of clogging porous media with accuracy and efficiency. In a pre-processing step, local pore space properties are analysed and employed to spatially vary the magnitude of the drag term, which reflects the influence of neglected 3D effects. Calibration and validation is achieved through fully 3D Finite Difference Stokes simulations of different benchmark cases. With the proposed formulation we achieve the high accuracy of the pseudo-3D methods as far as permeability is concerned (<30% deviation), but also with respect to local velocities, for a microfluidic domain throughout the clogging process. Noteworthy, the computational cost is being reduced to less than 1%. Combining the efficiency of a Stokes 2D simulation and accuracy of a 3D model the presented approach is rendered an interesting option to investigate remaining open questions, for example on anisotropy of effective hydraulic parameters during the clogging process.

Photodetachment dynamics of negative ions in a quantum well with two expanding walls

This work is to investigate the photo-detachment cross-section (PCS) of anions in an expanding quantum well formed by two moving elastic walls. Through the study of the closed orbits of the detached electrons, we derive the analytical expression for the period of these closed orbits. We utilize the classical closed-orbit theory (COT) to deeply explore and derive the PCS of this system, which is a superposition of a smooth background term and an oscillatory term caused by collisions between electrons and the two elastic walls of the quantum well. The calculation results show that the oscillation amplitude of the photo-detachment cross-section is highly sensitive to the wall velocity of the extended quantum well. When the quantum well is static, the photo-detachment cross-section exhibits a regular saw-tooth structure. As the walls begin to move, this regular saw-tooth structure becomes irregular. As the wall velocity increases, the oscillation structure within the PCS becomes increasingly complex. Furthermore, the photo-detachment cross-section is closely related to the initial distance between the negative hydrogen ion and the two moving walls, known as the well width. And through calculations of two different scenarios involving extended quantum wells, we find that for an asymmetrically expanding quantum well, the effect of moving walls on anionic PCS is more significant than for a symmetrically expanding quantum well. The research findings also reveal that as the well width narrows, the localized space for electrons becomes smaller, leading to stronger quantum confinement and an increase in the oscillation amplitude across the cross-section. As the well width increases, the quantum confinement effect on the electrons weakens, resulting in a decrease in the oscillation amplitude across the cross-section. When the well width reaches a certain level, the quantum well no longer exhibits significant quantum confinement effects, and the photo-detachment cross-section tends to approach a smooth background term. Therefore, precise control of the photo-detachment cross-section of negative hydrogen ions in an expanding quantum well formed by two moving elastic walls can be achieved by adjusting the initial size of the quantum well and the expansion speed of the quantum well. The phenomena revealed in this study are quite intriguing, and the methods employed are universal, providing guidance for future studying the photo-detachment cross-sections in more complex dynamic quantum wells. The findings of this study have significant reference value in the field of surface physics, enriching our understanding of the photo-detachment dynamics of anions in moving quantum wells, and they also provide a theoretical basis and guidance for future experimental research on the photo-detachment dynamics of anions in dynamic quantum wells.

Disrupting Colonial Narratives of Place: The [blinded] Slough Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Project

What happens when traces of the past are invited to "haunt" the present, disrupting the colonial narratives inherent in local spaces, and creating openings for new stories and new relationships? Guided by Indigenous and post-human worldviews, this action-research project facilitated community learning about the q̓íc̓əy̓ (Katzie) Slough, while collectively imagining new futures for this waterway. Elementary students learned from Elders and environmentalists at the Slough, while simultaneously caring for the land. They then made art with the land, which, along with Elder stories, guided the creation of a school mural. The teachings of the mural and the children’s art continue to reverberate as their stories are shared with post-secondary students and teachers. This research informs how we might engage learners with the complexities and complicities of settler colonialism and provides an example of a local land-centred curriculum that informs how we might all live well together, contributing to real world change.

Investigation of young girl’s perceptions about equality in local sport, games, and public spaces to evaluate the level of inclusiveness

Gender inclusion and equality are significant matters in the many countries in the world that face problems, limitations, and challenges. The new studies highlight that gender inclusion is part of cultural, social, political, and administrative foundations rather than personal beliefs. The objectives of this research were to discover the level of inclusion of girls regarding the use of playgrounds in a pre-urban area in Kigali, Rwanda. Qualitative questionnaires were arranged to ask the girls’ opinions about inclusion and equality through open-ended simple questions. Through descriptive and interpretation analyses the results were evaluated. The findings reveal that girls face problems using playgrounds and open spaces at any time. The school was restricted due to administrative operations. The girls believe that boys have priority to use spaces for sports and games rather than girls and even half of respondents mentioned bullying of boys. In conclusion, the level of inclusion and equality in the areas was low due to the perception of the girls. This result referred to the wider context of such perception that allowed exclusion and inequality such as cultural, social, political, and administrative aspects. The level of inclusion in the open spaces is higher than in the school due to some insufficient policies. The outputs of this research could lead the politicians and administrative staff to draw more effective policies and administrative guidelines to meet the needs of girls.

Memory Checking Requires Logarithmic Overhead

We study the complexity of memory checkers with computational security and prove the first general tight lower bound. Memory checkers, first introduced over 30 years ago by Blum, Evans, Gemmel, Kannan, and Naor (FOCS ’91, Algorithmica ’94), allow a user to store and maintain a large memory on a remote and unreliable server by using small trusted local storage. The user can issue instructions to the server and after every instruction, obtain either the correct value or a failure (but not an incorrect answer) with high probability. The main complexity measure of interest is the size of the local storage and the number of queries the memory checker makes upon every logical instruction. The most efficient known construction has query complexity O (log n /log log n ) and local space proportional to a computational security parameter, assuming one-way functions, where n is the logical memory size. Dwork, Naor, Rothblum, and Vaikuntanathan (TCC ’09) showed that for a restricted class of “deterministic and non-adaptive” memory checkers, this construction is optimal, up to constant factors. However, going beyond the small class of deterministic and non-adaptive constructions has remained a major open problem. In this work, we fully resolve the complexity of memory checkers by showing that any construction with local space p and query complexity q must satisfy \[ p \ge \frac{n}{(\log n)^{O(q)}} \;. \] This implies, as a special case, that q ≥ Ω (log n /log log n ) in any scheme, assuming that p ≤ n 1 − ε for ε &gt; 0. The bound applies to any scheme with computational security, completeness 2/3, and inverse polynomial in n soundness (all of which make our lower bound only stronger). We further extend the lower bound to schemes where the read complexity q r and write complexity q w differ. For instance, we show the tight bound that if q r = O (1) and p ≤ n 1 − ε for ε &gt; 0, then q w ≥ n Ω (1) . This is the first lower bound, for any non-trivial class of constructions, showing a read-write query complexity trade-off. Our proof is via a delicate compression argument showing that a “too good to be true” memory checker can be used to compress random bits of information. We draw inspiration from tools recently developed for lower bounds for relaxed locally decodable codes. However, our proof itself significantly departs from these works, necessitated by the differences between settings.

Orbital XY models in moiré superlattices

Abstract Moiré superlattices provide a new platform to engineer various many-body problems. In this work, we consider arrays of quantum dots (QD) realized on semiconductor moiré superlattices with a deep moiré potential. We diagonalize single QD with multiple electrons, and find degenerate ground states serve as local degrees of freedom (qudits) in the superlattice. With a deep moiré potential, the hopping and exchange interaction between nearby QDs become irrelevant, and the direct Coulomb interaction of the density-density type dominates. Therefore, nearby QDs must arrange the spatial densities to optimize the Coulomb energy. When the local Hilbert space has a two-fold orbital degeneracy, we find that a square superlattice realizes an anisotropic XY model, while a triangular superlattice realizes a generalized XY model with geometric frustration.

The last forty years of landscape design and planning

The chapter discusses the distinct branches of landscape architecture: landscape design of gardens, parks, urban open spaces, design of registered historic gardens, landscape planning, planning of local green space networks and spatial planning. Landscape design and planning, like architecture, responds to and is fundamentally dependent on the needs and expectations of society. It is therefore important to outline the main social processes of the last forty years.The chapter focuses on the landscape projects realised rather than on the plans, since it is the result of the design process, the completed project, that is most important. It tells us almost everything, about the times in which it was conceived and in which the designer, the client, the constructor and the users existed. The results and social impact of landscape design can be seen mainly in the completed work. There is usually a narrow professional interest in the plans that remain in the drawer.The results of landscape planning and green space planning at local level and spatial planning are only visible many years later, making it more difficult to follow the social impact. Therefore, in the case of landscape planning and green space planning at local and regional level, the chapter is limited to outlining only the trends over four decades.

Fields of synergy - theory and practice of cooperation between social enterprises and business

Face of social, economic, environmental challenges and proliferation of multi-crises - a development of social entrepreneurship, involvement and civic activism become very desirable. A need for interactions and cooperation between various groups of actors present in the local spaces is often seen as the contemporary paradigm. The aim of the study is to conceptualize the cooperation process between social enterprises and business. The presented results of empirical research constitute the basis for identifying potential areas of cooperation to increase the potential of social entrepreneurship. The research is based on a case study conducted in a local environment. Theoretical research was conducted using the deductive method. Empirical research methodology was used in the form of interviews and business modeling techniques. The phenomenon of cooperation was explored against the background of opportunities to develop social entrepreneurship, strengthen the potential of cooperating enterprises and achieve benefits for local communities. The result of the research is the discovery of the basic dimensions of practical and effective cooperation between social enterprises and business in the form of an analog-representational model. In the proposed research approach, mutual involvement in joint initiatives based on active involvement, lasting and interactive cooperation and sharing was considered crucial. The research covered the context of creating innovation potential, outsourcing services, implementing the common good and sharing resources. It seems that the presented approach may be universal and can be extrapolated to other regions and cultural contexts.

Transcultural Memory in the Study of Folk Music in Turkey

In this article, I argue that gramophone records by first-generation Armenian immigrants in the United States can be considered some of the earliest field recordings, so much so as if they had been collected from local people in Anatolia. Although such 78-rpm records have not received sufficient disciplinary interest as field recordings in ethnomusicology due to their commercial nature, they are among the earliest sound recordings from any region of the world. Not only because they are commercial, but also because they constructed counternarratives against the “national music” project of the Republican era, these recordings have also been ignored in the music historiography of Turkey. The content of the folk songs recorded in the diaspora is very similar to those collected by state-led recording expeditions in Turkey from the 1920s to 1950s. However, the diasporic recordings are more multilingual, reflecting the ethnic, religious, and cultural plurality of the Ottoman Empire. Emphasizing their performative and relational nature, I propose that 78-rpm records of the Ottoman diaspora (focusing especially on recordings of Armenian migrants from Harput/Kharpert) reconstruct the local space and function as sites of transcultural memory as defined by multilingualism and the effective use of makam music.

International actors’ promotion of peacebuilding in Colombia through online subsidies: the role of spatial framing

ABSTRACT This paper explores the geographical nature of the promotion of peacebuilding efforts by international actors cooperating in Colombia through information published daily in their newsrooms online. This article contends that such promotion is spatially rooted as it links to narratives about places targeted for intervention, and how these places ought to be transformed. Accordingly, the notion of spatial framing is put forward as a methodological way to assess the promotion of meanings about targeted places for peace transformation. Drawing on qualitative spatial framing analysis of online subsidies analysed with the help of NVivo software, the work explores the ways in which key post-conflict donors (United States, European Union, the United Kingdom) promoted a narrative about national and local spaces of peacebuilding transformation in the transitional period in two periods between November 2016 and February 2024. The article argues that the international actors depicted spaces in function of a normative continuum between rural (less developed) and urban (more developed) spaces and promoted spatial transformation consistent with principles of state-building and market development.

Agronegócio, atores e território: visão da população das localidades agrícolas da província de Buenos Aires (Argentina, 2022)

The expansion of agribusiness in the Argentine Pampas region has generated important economic, social and environmental consequences, particularly affecting agrarian localities, those local spaces linked to agro-exports. In this context, it is relevant to investigate how the inhabitants of these localities understand agricultural activity and its territorial impacts. Based on the data constructed through an online survey carried out in the province of Buenos Aires (main productive region of Argentina), we identified, firstly, that the inhabitants of agricultural localities define these spaces by their particular forms of sociability, and participate in cultural practices linked to rural life. Secondly, we find that they consider agribusiness as the main generator of employment in the territories but do not identify the “spillover” of the sector's profits in the communities. Thirdly, we see that they have a fairly positive image of producers and do not identify agricultural activity as the cause of the main local problems, but there is a majority view of its polluting impacts. And, finally, we identify the influence on opinions of certain discursive topics present in the public debate on agriculture and, mainly, of the political position.