Local Label Research Articles

Path-based multi-sources localization in multiplex networks

With the prosperity of modern technology, propagation phenomena of diverse information become universal nowadays. Nevertheless, spreading of malicious information will inevitably bring undesired harm or economic losses. These spreading phenomena are usually triggered by limited sources; therefore, it is of great significance to locate these sources to avoid further losses. With the emergence of various social platforms, social networks seem to be integrated. Hence, multiplex networks are desirable to mimic the properties of integrated social networks. Source localization problems on single-layer networks are studied by various scholars whereas less attention has been paid to corresponding problems on multiplex networks. Regarding this, we propose a source locating method in this manuscript, named path-based source localization on multiplex networks (PSLM). With the adoption of the source centrality theory, we apply a label iteration process in order to find nodes with the largest local labels which are regarded as the sources. Furthermore, high uncertainty of spreading path will be incurred by the low spreading probability. Aiming to address such uncertainty, observers are deployed in advance to record the spreading directions. Then, extensive experiments are performed on selected datasets and we find PSLM outperforms the existing ones. Moreover, we also study the effects of various factors on the locating accuracy and find that the locating accuracy improves with the increase of the inter-layer spreading rate.

MO151: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate Versus Standard of Care for Hyperkalaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: Phase 4 Continuity Study Design and Rationale

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individuals hospitalized with hyperkalaemia (HK) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at very high risk of HK recurrence, which often requires hospital re-admission [1]. Recurrent HK events have a significant impact on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs [2]. Several approaches, such as reduction in dietary potassium (K+), reduction or discontinuation of diuretic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi), or oral K+ binders may be used to manage HK in the outpatient setting. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) is an orally administered, non-absorbed, highly selective K+ binder approved for the treatment of HK in adults. In phase 3 trials, after achieving normokalaemia (NK), individualized once-daily SZC therapy maintained normal range serum K+ levels for up to 1 year in adult outpatients [3]. However, it is unknown if SZC prevents HK recurrence compared with standard of care (SoC). Here, we present the rationale and design of the phase 4 CONTINUITY study (D9480C00023), which will compare the efficacy of continued SZC treatment, as part of the post-discharge medication regimen, with SoC, in maintaining NK and reducing HK-related hospital admissions and emergency department (ED) visits. METHOD CONTINUITY is a randomized controlled, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre study in participants with CKD treated for HK while in hospital, to be conducted in 30–50 study sites across four to seven European countries. The study will comprise both an in-hospital and an outpatient (post-discharge) phase (Figure). During the in-hospital phase, all participants will be treated with SZC to correct HK (SZC 10 g three times daily, up to 72 h) and maintain NK (SZC from 5 g every other day to 10 g once daily) as per local label for 2–14 days. At discharge, participants with NK established on an SZC maintenance dose will be randomised (1:1) to either SZC per local label (Arm A) or SoC per local practice (Arm B); participants intended to be discharged with a K+ binder will not be randomized and will be discontinued from the study. Following randomization, participants enter the outpatient phase and will be monitored for 180 days post-discharge via seven planned follow-up visits or phone calls, followed by a site visit at 7 days after end of treatment (Figure). Participants will be screened to yield 506 entering the in-hospital phase, resulting in 430 participants discharged and randomized (215 per arm) and 344 evaluable participants. Adults (≥18 years) with stage 3b–5 CKD or eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 at or within 3 months prior to study screening, who are admitted to hospital with a serum K+ of 5.5–6.5 mmol/L, will be eligible. The primary endpoint is the occurrence of NK (serum K+ 3.5–5.0 mmol/L) at 180 days post-discharge. Secondary and exploratory outcomes assessed within 180 days post-discharge include a composite endpoint of any HK-related hospital admission or ED visit, use of rescue therapy for HK and all-cause death, as well as RAASi treatment status and dose, and K+ level. Safety and tolerability will also be evaluated. CONCLUSION CONTINUITY is the first study to examine the efficacy of extended use of a novel K+ binder post-discharge compared with SoC, on the maintenance of NK and reduced HCRU among patients with HK, with CKD stage 3b–5. This study will address the importance of maintaining NK after discharge in routine clinical practice, and the impact of improved management of patients with CKD and HK.

On Local Antimagic Vertex Coloring for Complete Full t-ary Trees

Let G = (V, E) be a finite simple undirected graph without K2 components. A bijection f : E → {1, 2, ⋯, |E|} is called a local antimagic labeling if for any two adjacent vertices u and v, they have different vertex sums, i.e., w(u) ≠ w(v), where the vertex sum w(u) = ∑e∈E(u) f(e), and E(u) is the set of edges incident to u. Thus any local antimagic labeling induces a proper vertex coloring of G where the vertex v is assigned the color (vertex sum) w(v). The local antimagic chromatic number χla(G) is the minimum number of colors taken over all colorings induced by local antimagic labelings of G. It was conjectured [6] that for every tree T the local antimagic chromatic number l + 1 ≤ χla(T) ≤ l + 2, where l is the number of leaves of T. In this article we verify the above conjecture for complete full t-ary trees, for t ≥ 2. A complete full t-ary tree is a rooted tree in which all nodes have exactly t children except leaves and every leaf is of the same depth. In particular we obtain that the exact value for the local antimagic chromatic number of all complete full t-ary trees is l + 1 for odd t.

Legal instruments to support local food systems: Conclusions de lege ferenda

Local food systems (LFS) is not a legal term, although it is used in EU documents, and legal instruments supporting their development can be indicated in EU, and national legal orders. Based on the analysis and comparison of these instruments, extracted from Italian, French, Polish, American, and EU legislation, this study aims to formulate proposals for possible and beneficial solutions to be introduced into national and EU legislation, aimed at supporting LFS. The proposal includes the introduction at the EU level, along with the local food labelling system, of the LFS definition supporting small farmers who run agricultural production with the use of environmentally friendly, sustainable methods. In the field of food law, it is necessary to articulate the LFS requirements more clearly so that they are better understood by farmers. In national legislation, the instruments to be implemented involve the possibility for the farmer to carry out the activity of processing and selling his products directly to consumers and local retailers as part of his privileged agricultural status, at the same time obliging municipalities to create farmers’ markets, and supporting agriculture in the urban and peri-urban areas. Other necessary instruments include the requirement to offer local products in gastronomy by public institutions, hotels, restaurants and agritourism, and implementation of appropriate solutions in the public procurement law encouraging local food supplies.

About the Need for a Harmonised Labelling for Locally Produced Food

Abstract Consumers are increasingly interested in buying locally produced food but often cannot recognise it on the market. As the European Union has not introduced a local food labelling scheme, the study examines how selected countries defined and labelled local food and whether the implemented brands are suitable for fulfilling their functions of identifying, promoting and guaranteeing local products, avoiding misleading consumers. The question of to what extent geographical indications can be used as a tool to identify locally produced food is also considered. The analysis shows that there is a variety of local or regional, public and private brands that are the result of bottom-up initiatives and local self-governance, but their proliferation, differences in legal nature and the meaning of the messages conveyed adversely affect their function. Therefore, a harmonised labelling should be introduced at the UE level, otherwise at a national level, as a ready-made tool for promoting and distinguishing local products on the market, ensuring a uniform understanding of the label for all participants in the food chain, preventing fraud and unfair competition, and giving consumers confidence in its message.

Multi-label rhinitis prediction using ensemble neural network chain with pre-training

Rhinitis is a kind of respiratory disease that is difficult to cure. Timely and accurate prediction in its early stage is an effective method for diagnosis of rhinitis. Machine learning is often applied in predicting clinical rhinitis. However, those problems like multi-label features, class imbalance, and poor generalization performance usually occur on rhinitis prediction. This paper introduces an ensemble neural network chain model with pre-training on rhinitis multi-label classification. We apply stacked autoencoders for denoising and feature dimensionality reduction, add pre-training networks to extract global correlations, and build neural network chain to extract local relevant information for single-label classification. This proposed model can use both global and local label correlations to reduce the influence of unreasonable label sequences on classification. A total of 2231 clinical rhinitis cases from Shanghai Tongji Hospital affiliated to Tongji University is conducted for training and test. The cross-validation results show that the average Hamming Loss, accuracy, recall and F1-score is 0.0195, 87.88%, 92.32% and 92.88%, respectively. Compared to various typical multi-label classifiers, the proposed model achieves better generalization performance in evaluation measures. In addition, we calculate the feature importance of rhinitis based on the purity of splitting nodes in Random Forest and study the correlations between rhinitis features and classification, which have a good reference value for diagnosis and treatment of clinical rhinitis.

Approaches that output infinitely many graphs with small local antimagic chromatic number

An edge labeling of a connected graph [Formula: see text] is said to be local antimagic if it is a bijection [Formula: see text] such that for any pair of adjacent vertices x and y, [Formula: see text], where the induced vertex label [Formula: see text], with e ranging over all the edges incident to x. The local antimagic chromatic number of G, denoted by [Formula: see text], is the minimum number of distinct induced vertex labels over all local antimagic labelings of G. In this paper, we show the existence of infinitely many bipartite and tripartite graphs with [Formula: see text].

Local antimagic vertex coloring for generalized friendship graphs

Let G = (V, E) be a graph of order p and size q without isolated vertices. A bijection f: E → {1, 2, … , q} is called a local antimagic labeling if w(u) ≠ w(v) for all uv ∈ E, where the vertex weight w(u) = Ʃ e∈E(u) f(e) and E(u) is the set of edges incident to the vertex u ∈ V. The local antimagic chromatic number χ la (G) is defined to be the minimum number of colors(vertex weights) taken over all colorings of G induced by local antimagic labelings of G. In this paper, we study the local chromatic number for generalized friendship graph of complete graphs and cycles.

Understanding the market potential of products from alternative food networks in a transition economy—a discrete choice experiment

PurposeEthical consumption is on the rise amidst concerns about the environmental and health impacts of industrial agriculture. In light of increasingly complex food choices, alternative food networks have emerged. However, their success depends on a deeper understanding of the product attributes that guide (ethical) consumer decisions. This study focuses on the preferences of consumers when choosing and buying fresh vegetables in Romania.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a discrete choice experiment to determine how consumers make trade-offs across a set of product attributes, such as local origin and production method.FindingsThe study analysis sheds light on the importance of food attributes relevant to ethical consumers. The main barrier to making an ethically driven choice is convenience. While local production remains of lower importance than the production method, the authors show that the Romanian consumers surveyed strongly prefer non-certified “traditional” vegetables over certified organic products.Originality/valueThis study is pioneering with a state-of-the-art discrete choice setting looking at a set of product attributes that reflect the demand of ethical consumers in an understudied transitional context. The authors go beyond the current debate on the trade-off between organic vs local food labels by introducing traditional small-scale production as a separate attribute level. The food attribute preferences of different consumer segments and a market simulation offer relevant insights how to market fresh vegetables to health- and environmentally-conscious urban people.

On local antimagic chromatic number of spider graphs

An edge labeling of a connected graph G = (V, E) is said to be local antimagic if it is a Bijection f : E → {1, … ,|E|} such that for any pair of adjacent vertices x and y, f +(x) ≠ f +(y), where the induced vertex label f +(x) = Σf(e), with e ranging over all the edges incident to x. The local antimagic chromatic number of G, denoted by χla (G), is the minimum number of distinct induced vertex labels over all local antimagic labelings of G. In this paper, we first show that a d-leg spider graph has d + 1 ≤ χla ≤ + 2. We then obtain many sufficient conditions such that both the values are attainable. Finally, we show that each 3-leg spider has χla = 4 if not all legs are of odd length. No 3-leg spider with all odd leg lengths and χla = 5 is found. This provides partial solutions to the characterization of k-pendant trees T with χla (T) = k + 1 or k + 2. We conjecture that almost all d-leg spiders of size q that satisfy d(d + 1) ≤ 2(2q - 1) with each leg length at least 2 has χla = d + 1.

Low rank label subspace transformation for multi-label learning with missing labels

Multi-label datasets often contain label information with missing values and recovering them is a non-trivial challenge. Several methods augment the observed label matrix by constructing auxiliary labels and learning high order label correlations. Some other techniques exploit the low rank of the label matrix to capture a mix of label correlations. Both these approaches rely on label correlations, however in different ways. In this paper, we propose a unified framework that captures the label correlations utilizing both auxiliary label matrix and the low rank constraints on estimated labels. Our model also enforces maximal separation among different label subspaces for better label differentiation. The proposed method captures local and global correlations using Low Rank label subspace transformation for Multi-label learning with Missing Labels (LRMML). The model considers an auxiliary label matrix which facilitates the missing label information recovery. Low rank on predictions ensures that local label structures are captured and the maximal inter-label subspace separation helps identify discriminatory label correlations. The proposed method builds a multi-label classification model by solving a multivariate difference of convex objective function using surrogate optimization technique and alternating minimization. Empirical results on several benchmark datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method against state-of-the-art multi-label learning approaches.

Is purchasing of vegetable dishes affected by organic or local labels? Empirical evidence from a university canteen

Previous studies have shown that the use of labels such as “organic” or “local” may improve the perceived healthiness, attractiveness and taste evaluation of healthy food products and increase their likelihood of being purchased. The aim of this work was to examine whether labeling vegetable items could promote consumption of at least one vegetable dish among students in a university canteen. We analyzed the purchasing of vegetable dishes among 458 students during an eight-week intervention in a university canteen, where vegetable items alternatively received neutral, organic and local labels. We implemented a multilevel Bayesian analysis to incorporate prior knowledge extracted from data preceding the experiment and to account for potential confounders related to the design of the experiment. Our results suggest that the labels “organic,” “local” “organic & local” were not strongly associated with ordering at least one vegetable plate. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate the potential impact of vegetable plate labeling on customers’ purchasing choices.

The Local Antimagic Total Chromatic Number of Some Wheel-Related Graphs

Let G=(V,E) be a connected graph with |V|=n and |E|=m. A bijection f:V(G)∪E(G)→{1,2,⋯,n+m} is called local antimagic total labeling if, for any two adjacent vertices u and v, ωt(u)≠ωt(v), where ωt(u)=f(u)+∑e∈E(u)f(e), and E(u) is the set of edges incident to u. Thus, any local antimagic total labeling induces a proper coloring of G, where the vertex x in G is assigned the color ωt(x). The local antimagic total chromatic number, denoted by χlat(G), is the minimum number of colors taken over all colorings induced by local antimagic total labelings of G. In this paper, we present the local antimagic total chromatic numbers of some wheel-related graphs, such as the fan graph Fn, the bowknot graph Bn,n, the Dutch windmill graph D4n, the analogous Dutch graph AD4n and the flower graph Fn.

Double-layered two-directional somatopleural cell migration during chicken body wall development revealed with local fluorescent tissue labeling.

The thoracic ventral body wall consists of the rib, the sternum, the intercostal muscles, and the connective tissues surrounding them. The ribs and the intercostal muscles are derived from the somite. The connective tissues are derived from the somatic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm, somatopleure. The lateral growth of the somatopleure forms the primary ventral body wall. The migration of somitic cells into the somatopleure generates the secondary body wall. As the migrating behavior of the somatopleural cells during secondary body wall formation is still unclear, we investigate here the migratory behavior of the somatopleural cells in the thorax during chicken ventral body wall development by labeling the thoracic somatopleural cells one-somite-wide by DiI labeling or gene transfection of the enhanced green fluorescent protein and observe their distribution assisted by the tissue-clearing technique FRUIT. Our labeling experiments revealed the rostral migration of the somatopleural cells into a deep part of the thoracic body wall in embryonic day 6.5 chickens. For embryonic day 8.5 chickens, these deep-migrating somatopleural cells were found around the sternal ribs. Thus, we identified the double-layered two-directional migrating pathways of the somatopleural cells: the rostral migration of the deep somatopleural cells and the lateral migration of the superficial somatopleural cells. Our findings imply that the rostral migration of deep somatopleural cells and the lateral migration of superficial ones might be associated with the developing sternal ribs and the innervation of the thoracic cutaneous nerves, respectively.

Global and local attention-based multi-label learning with missing labels

In multi-label learning algorithms, the classification performance can be significantly improved using global and local label correlation. However, the incompleteness of the label space leads to difficulties in measuring the label correlation. In the process of label recovery, many multi-label learning algorithms focus on label correlation, but ignore the queried instance information. In this paper, we introduce an attention mechanism to jointly exploit label and instance information in order to improve the quality of the recovered labels. Firstly, the attention mechanism is used to encode the label and the instance information for label space reconstruction. Secondly, attention computations are performed on the reconstructed label space to obtain the label completion matrix. Finally, global and local features of label correlation are used to improve the model robustness, and label prediction is completed. Through the analysis of the experimental results of multiple benchmark multi-label datasets, it is demonstrated that the proposed method has certain advantages over other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Local vertex antimagic chromatic number of some wheel related graphs

Let G = (V,E) be a graph of order p and size q having no isolated vertices. A bijection ƒ : E → {1, 2, 3, ..., q} is called a local antimagic labeling if for all uv ∈ E we have w(u) ≠ w(v), the weight w(u) = ∑e∈E(u) f(e) where E(u) is the set of edges incident to u. A graph G is local antimagic if G has a local antimagic labeling. The local antimagic chromatic number χla(G) is defined to be the minimum number of colors taken over all colorings of G induced by local antimagic labelings of G. In this paper, we determine the local antimagic chromatic number for some wheel related graphs.

Learning multi-label label-specific features via global and local label correlations

Learning multi-label label-specific features via global and local label correlations

A fast community detection algorithm using a local and multi-level label diffusion method in social networks

One of the popular categories of community detection methods are label propagation-based algorithms. Label propagation-based algorithms use local criteria and have a near-linear time complexity. However, these algorithms have problems such as low accuracy, instability, and high computational time in comparison with other local methods. This article presents a fast and simple label diffusion method (FSLD), using local criteria to discover communities accurately in large-scale networks. In FSLD method, community formation is initially started from a low-degree periphery node and then it diffuses its label from outer to inner side of community in a multi-level way. In next step, using a label updating step, all nodes from high-degree to low-degree have the potential to update and finalize their label to obtain initial communities. The experimental results reveal the higher accuracy and performance of the proposed FSLD algorithm in comparison to other state-of-the-art algorithms.

Longitudinal Intravital Microscopy Using a Mammary Imaging Window with Replaceable Lid

The branched structure of the mammary gland is highly dynamic and undergoes several phases of growth and remodeling after birth. Intravital microscopy in combination with skin flap surgery or implantation of imaging windows has been used to study the dynamics of the healthy mammary gland at different developmental stages. Most mammary imaging technologies are limited to a time frame of hours to days, whereas the majority of mammary gland remodeling processes occur in time frames of days to weeks. To study mammary gland remodeling, methods that allow optical access to the tissue of interest for extended time frames are required. Here, an improved version of the titanium mammary imaging window with a replaceable lid (R.MIW) is described that allows high-resolution imaging of the mammary gland with a cellular resolution for up to several weeks. Importantly, the R.MIW provides tissue access over the entire duration of the intravital imaging experiment and could therefore be used for local tissue manipulation, labeling, drug administration, or image-guided microdissection. Taken together, the R.MIW enables high-resolution characterization of the cellular dynamics during mammary gland development, homeostasis, and disease.

Longitudinal Intravital Microscopy Using a Mammary Imaging Window with Replaceable Lid.

The branched structure of the mammary gland is highly dynamic and undergoes several phases of growth and remodeling after birth. Intravital microscopy in combination with skin flap surgery or implantation of imaging windows has been used to study the dynamics of the healthy mammary gland at different developmental stages. Most mammary imaging technologies are limited to a time frame of hours to days, whereas the majority of mammary gland remodeling processes occur in time frames of days to weeks. To study mammary gland remodeling, methods that allow optical access to the tissue of interest for extended time frames are required. Here, an improved version of the titanium mammary imaging window with a replaceable lid (R.MIW) is described that allows high-resolution imaging of the mammary gland with a cellular resolution for up to several weeks. Importantly, the R.MIW provides tissue access over the entire duration of the intravital imaging experiment and could therefore be used for local tissue manipulation, labeling, drug administration, or image-guided microdissection. Taken together, the R.MIW enables high-resolution characterization of the cellular dynamics during mammary gland development, homeostasis, and disease.