Local Conditions Research Articles

Effect of Aqueous Electrolyte Composition on Efficiency of Electrochemical Post-Processing of Additive Manufacturing Products from Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Obtained by Selective Electron Beam Melting

The influence of the anionic composition of an aqueous electrolyte on the efficiency of the electrochemical leveling of the initial microgeometry of samples obtained by the selective electron beam melting (SEBM) at the following mode parameters was studied: current density – 20 A/cm2, initial interelectrode gap – 0.3 mm, average speed of electrolyte pumping – 12 m/c. Aqueous solutions of sodium chloride, nitrate, perchlorate and bisalt electrolytes based on them were studied. It was that aqueous solutions of sodium perchlorate have the best microleveling properties among the studied working media, which provides the ability to reduce the parameters Ra and Rz from values of 35 and 180 μm, respectively, to values of 3.2 and 20 μm during electrolysis of 30 s in a direct-flow electrolyzer. It was established that the microgeometry leveling corresponds to the model of the secondary distribution of dissolution rates; two main factors were identified that significantly influenced on the result: polarization of the electrodes and a decrease in the oxidation state of metal ions passing into the solution during electrochemical machining in the vicinity of the depression in relation to the protrusion due to changes in the local conditions of electrolysis. Microetching along grain boundaries in the studied electrolytes was not detected at the accepted parameters of the electrolysis mode.

Revealing the Local Time Structure of the Alfvén Radius and Travel Times in Jupiter's Magnetosphere

AbstractJovian magnetospheric plasma is coupled to the ionosphere through Alfvén waves. Alfvén waves enable the transport of angular momentum and energy between the planet and magnetospheric plasma, a process that ultimately generates Jupiter's bright auroral emissions. However, past the Alfvén radius, the location where the radial velocity is greater than the Alfvén velocity, magnetospheric plasma is decoupled from the planet. Alfvén waves launched by magnetospheric plasma do not reach the ionosphere, angular momentum cannot be transported from the planet, and auroral emissions should diminish. Knowledge of Jupiter's Alfvén radius location is critical for interpreting drivers of auroral emissions, in situ data, and applications of numerical models. Previous studies that determined the location of the Alfvén radius assumed an azimuthally symmetric magnetosphere and local‐time independent magnetic field. Here, we employ a statistical description of the magnetic field that includes local time effects. We find a minimum Alfvén radius of 30 (Jupiter radii) at 6 LT, with plasma decoupled from the planet in the post‐dusk through dawn sector. Furthermore, no Alfvén radius exists within 60 between 8 and 20 LT. At distances greater than 50 , the Alfvén travel time is such that magnetospheric plasma moves substantially in the magnetosphere before angular momentum can be efficiently transferred from the atmosphere. Therefore, the angular momentum supplied may no longer be sufficient for the local conditions. Our results highlight the importance of local time considerations and offer new interpretations for local time dependent auroral features, such as the polar collar.

Border Interceptions Reveal Variable Bridgehead Use in the Global Dispersal of Insects

ABSTRACTAimThe global, human‐mediated dispersal of invasive insects is a major driver of ecosystem change, biodiversity loss, crop damage and other effects. Trade flows and invasive species propagule pressure are correlated, and their relationship is essential for predicting and managing future invasions. Invaders do not disperse exclusively from the species' native range. Instead, the bridgehead effect, where established, non‐native populations act as secondary sources of propagule, is recognised as a major driver of global invasion. The resulting pattern of global spread arises from a mixture of global interactions between invasive species, their vectors and, their invaded ranges, which has yet to be fully characterised.LocationGlobal.Time Period1997–2020.Major Taxa StudiedInsects.MethodsWe analysed 319,283 border interception records of 514 insect species from a broad range of taxa from four national‐level phytosanitary organisations. We classified interceptions as coming from species native range or from bridgehead countries and examined taxonomic autocorrelation of global movement patterns between species.ResultsWhile 65% of interceptions originated from bridgehead countries, highlighting the importance of the bridgehead effect across taxa, patterns among individual species were highly variable and taxonomically correlated. Forty per cent of species originated almost exclusively from their native range, 28% almost exclusively from their non‐native range and 32% from a mix of source locations. These patterns of global dispersal were geographically widespread, temporally consistent, and taxonomically correlated.ConclusionsDispersal exclusively from bridgeheads represents an unrecognised pattern of global insect movement; these patterns emphasise the importance of the bridgehead effect and suggest that bridgeheads provide unique local conditions that allow invaders to proliferate differently than in their native range. We connect these patterns of global dispersal to the conditions during the human driven global dispersal of insects and provide recommendations for modellers and policymakers wishing to control the spread of future invasions.

China's methane emissions derived from the inversion of GOSAT observations with a CMAQ and EnKS-based regional data assimilation system

At present, inversions at higher temporal and spatial resolution tend to be in increasing demand. The resolution and precision of methane (CH4) inversions depend on quality of observations, transport model, and inversion scheme. Currently, most inversion-based estimates of CH4 in China use a global atmospheric transport model to relate emissions to observations, or a Lagrangian model to quantify the receptor-to-source sensitivity. Taking advantage of the ability that regional transport models have in mesoscale simulation, a regional inversion system was developed to infer China's CH4 emissions. The CMAQ (Community Multi-scale Air Quality) model was configured for forward simulation of CH4, including processes of emission, transport, diffusion, and chemical transformation. Furthermore, the Ensemble Kalman Smoother was extended to assimilate satellite observations with joint optimization scheme of concentrations and emissions to reduce the impact of initial uncertainty. We found that the posterior annual estimated emissions (53.30 Tg a−1) in 2020 were closer to the official reported figure (53.57 Tg a−1) than to the prior (63.80 Tg a−1), with a downward correction of 16.45% in prior estimates based on extrapolation of the bottom-up inventory, which likely led to overestimation. Moreover, under current observational coverage, monthly posterior estimates reflected region-dependent responses to local conditions. Generally, the regional assimilation system estimated annual and monthly CH4 emissions well, attributable to reliable CMAQ simulation, joint assimilation scheme, and careful selection of satellite retrievals. In addition, evaluation of the posterior estimates indicates that inversion delivers reasonable improvements, but amelioration of uncertainties in prior information and observations is still needed.

Ecological success of no-take marine protected areas: Using population dynamics theory to inform a global meta-analysis.

Adaptively managing marine protected areas (MPAs) requires accurately assessing whether established MPAs are achieving their goals of protecting and conserving biomass, especially for harvested populations. Ecological MPA assessments commonly compare inside of the MPA to a reference point outside of and/or before implementation (i.e., calculating "response ratios"). Yet, MPAs are not simple ecological experiments; by design, protected populations interact with those outside, and population dynamic responses can be nonlinear. This complicates assessment interpretations. Here, we used a two-patch population model to explore how MPA response ratios (outside-inside, before-after, and before-after-control-impact [BACI]) for fished populations behave under different conditions, like whether the population is receiving a sustainable larval supply or if it is declining despite protection from harvest. We then conducted a Bayesian evaluation of MPA effects on fish and invertebrate populations based on data collected from 82 published studies on 264 no-take MPAs worldwide, using the results of an earlier global meta-analysis as priors. We considered the effects of calculating different summary metrics on these results, drawing on the theoretical insights from our population model as a comparative framework. We demonstrate that not all response ratio comparison types provide the same information: For example, outside-inside and BACI comparisons can fail to detect population decline within MPAs, whereas before-after comparisons likely detect that pattern. Considering these limitations, we nonetheless found that MPAs globally are producing positive outcomes, with on average greater biomass, density, and organism size within their boundaries than reference sites. However, only a small portion of studies (18 of 82) provided the temporal data necessary to determine that protection, on average, has led to increased abundance of populations within MPAs over time. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering the underlying system dynamics when assessing MPA effects. Assuming that large outside-inside or BACI response ratios always reflect large and net positive conservation effects may lead to misleading conclusions, we recommend that: (1) when assessing specific MPA effects, empirical findings be considered alongside theoretical knowledge relevant to that MPA system, and (2) management should respond to the local conditions and outcomes, rather than a blanket expectation for positive MPA effects.

Research on thermal comfort of human body under localized automotive air conditioning

Abstract In this study, we design localized automotive air conditioning to balance the contradiction between the thermal comfort of the driver in the cockpit and the energy saving and environmental protection of an automobile's air conditioner. The simplified model of a certain car cockpit is selected as the research object. Three types of air outlet structures of localized automotive air conditioning are designed, and numerical simulation is performed to study flow field distribution and human thermal comfort in the cockpit under different air outlet combinations of localized automotive air conditioning. The final evaluation result indicates that the thermal comfort of the driver is good under localized automotive air conditioning. Moreover, the energy-saving effect of localized automotive air conditioning is remarkable and its cooling rate is faster. Localized automotive air conditioning achieves about 41.4% more energy saving than ordinary automotive air conditioning.

Ground failures and foundation performances in Adıyaman–Gölbaşı following the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş–Türkiye Earthquake Sequence

The 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş–Türkiye earthquake sequence (M7.8 and M7.6) presents an exceptional opportunity to investigate both the effects of local soil conditions on damage patterns under strong shaking conditions and the performance of building foundations in areas that experienced ground failure. The significant ground failure and structural damage in Adıyaman–Gölbaşı triggered an intensive series of detailed reconnaissance and field surveys. This article aims to present the resulting database of observations on ground failures, building, and foundation performances. The field reconnaissance of ground failures and their effects on building performances involved aerial and walk-down surveys, including high-quality photographs taken across the town. In addition, data on building damage statistics compiled by the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change were accessed and analyzed. The subsurface characteristics of the town were characterized using available data from pre-earthquake site investigation campaigns employed for town planning purposes. It is concluded that the ground failures in the town primarily resulted from soil liquefaction and cyclic softening. Most of the poor building and foundation performances and ground failures were documented in the northern part of Atatürk Boulevard, closer to the lake of Gölbaşı, where soil site characteristics were unfavorable. This revealed once again the significant effects of local soil site conditions, particularly soil liquefaction, on the intensified ground failures, foundation, and structural damage levels.

Tuberculosis in Solomon Islands: why declining case notifications may not reflect true incidence.

Interpretation of tuberculosis (TB) surveillance data in Solomon Islands between 2016 and 2022 should be informed by local conditions, including pandemic disruptions in contact tracing. The TB surveillance data recently reported by Yanagawa et al. has features indicative of underdiagnosis. We thus advise caution in the interpretation of this data.

Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of human Papillomaviruses from women with genital warts

Background and objectives. The pathophysiology of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infections is dependent on the genotype of virus, the host immune system and the local environmental conditions. HPV infections are linked to a variety of benign and malignant disorders. Anogenital warts is a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) primarily caused by Low-Risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes 6 and 11. The aims were to Investigation of the prevalence and genotypic distribution of HPV in women with genital warts in Mosul/Iraq, HPV-DNA sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis including minimum spanning trees of amplified HPV L1 gene comparison the present sequences with similar genotypes in GenBank – National Center Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using mega-7-software. Materials and methods. A total of 150 samples were collected from women with genital wart infections. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed using GP+5/GP+6 and MY09/MY11 consensus primers. Results. About 84.6% prevalence of HPV genotypes. The highest frequency (32% and 28.6%) were observed in the 19-28 and 29-38 age groups. Conclusion. Women in Mosul, Iraq, who have genital warts are more likely to have different genotypes of HPV. HPV 11 type was found to be the most common, followed HPV6 and HPV10 as LR HPV, while HPV 16 and HPV45 were the most common as HR HPV. The analysis of the phylogenetic tree revealed a genetic relationship between our isolates and global isolates ranging from (10-100%) bootstrap ratio this indicating phylogenetic relationships (divergent and convergent evolution) this was meant the diversity in origin of the various genotypes common in Mosul, Iraq.

Evaluation of new sorghum varieties for grain production cultivated in mineral soil

Sorghum bicolor L. (Sorghum) has been recognized as the fifth largest cereal crop in the world, following maize, wheat, rice, and barley, with a mean annual production of more than 5.89 million tons over the past five years. Grain sorghum is one of the cultivated varieties of the sorghum genus. It is primarily used as human food and animal feed due to the beneficial effects of bioactive compounds in the grain. Sorghum is less popular and unrecognizable in Malaysia, as it was not included in the reports by the Agriculture Department regarding plantation areas. In Malaysia, sorghum is limited because this crop is considered new, and no studies were conducted on the adaptability of its varieties to Malaysian soil and local climatic conditions. Crop production practices such as variety selection, planting density and fertilization will affect yield production. Therefore, a study on grain sorghum varieties (Brachy Sorgho, Jumbo Super, India and Pacific Seed 99) was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield performance of sorghum. Jumbo Super had a significantly higher value for plant height, followed by Brachy Sorgho, India and Pacific Seed 99. India showed the highest value of leaf fresh and dry weight, but no significant difference compared with Brachy Sorgho. Brachy Sorgho recorded the highest value of stem fresh and dry weight, while the least was recorded for Pacific Seed 99. Brachy Sorgho and India showed significantly higher grain yields than Jumbo Super and Pacific Seed 99 in terms of panicle length, panicle weight without grain, grain weight without panicle per plant, number of grains per panicle, and 100-grain weight. The highest gross weight of grain sorghum is Brachy Sorgho (140.00 g/plant), which showed no significant difference compared to the India variety (131.13 g/plant). Meanwhile, Jumbo Super and Pacific Seed 99 varieties showed the lowest grain weight, 77.27 g/plant and 80.16 g/plant, respectively. Overall, all four varieties are adaptable in mineral soil and are considered potential alternative crops for grain production. Bachy Sorgho and India varieties showed the best performance on grain yield compared to Jumbo Super and Pacific Seed 99 varieties. Thus, Brachy Sorgho and India varieties can be recommended for future grain production in mineral soil.

Analysis of Social Aspects and Educational Values in Formulating Scholarship Policy: A Case Study in Aceh

This article analyzed the role of social aspects and educational values in scholarship policy formation, focusing on a case study of implementation in Aceh, Indonesia. The research aimed to understand the impact of integrating social and educational factors in scholarship policymaking and how this affects the effectiveness of the program in promoting educational access and equity. This study used a qualitative approach to collect data from various sources, including interviews with stakeholders, analyses of policy documents, and surveys of scholarship recipients. The focus was on how the Aceh Scholarship policy was designed to address the specific social challenges of the region, particularly the impact of post-conflict and natural disasters. The results showed that effective scholarship policies require an in-depth understanding of the social context and educational needs. The Aceh Scholarship, for example, successfully demonstrated how policies tailored to local social conditions could increase educational participation and positively impact social and economic recovery. This analysis provided important insights for policymakers, education practitioners, and donor agencies on the importance of considering social factors in designing scholarship programs.

Vegetable growing in Atyrau region: status and prospects

The aim is to substantiate the development of vegetable growing industry in the process of diversification of the economy of Atyrau region. In the methodological aspect, the research on vegetable crops cultivation was carried out on the basis of the deduction method, the consequence of which is the logical conclusion that vegetable production of farms in the region is environmentally safe. Methods of analysis and synthesis were used in determining the competitive parameters of production and the level of its intensification in the period of rising prices for fuels and lubricants. Results - the current state of the vegetable sector of the region, problems and potential opportunities were analyzed, the profitability of the vegetable subcomplex was shown. Recommendations aimed at expanding the scope of management, providing agricultural enterprises with timely and objective information important for making management decisions have been developed. Conclusions - it is necessary to constantly intensify research and development work on the development of new vegetable varieties, their approbation and introduction into practice, which will increase productivity at lower costs. Sectors should pay attention to the quality of vegetable products, their shelf life, useful properties for human health and adaptation to local climatic conditions. The authors note the feasibility of establishing workshops for processing biomass waste and rejected low-grade products. It is concluded that the vegetable market has a high capacity and is characterized by stable demand, which makes it attractive for investment. Investments are the decisive factor of technological, economic and social renewal of economic entities. In dynamics, the innovation activity of agricultural entities is increasing, although it is lower than in the economic system as a whole. The state should become the coordinator of innovation processes in the industry. There are all prerequisites for building up the competitive advantages of the industry.

Strategic Management Practices in Multinational Corporations: A Comparative Study

This paper explores strategic management practices within multinational corporations (MNCs) through a comparative study of different regional and industrial contexts. The research aims to identify key strategies that drive success and sustainability in a globalized business environment. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, the study combines quantitative analysis of financial performance metrics with qualitative insights from interviews with senior executives. The findings highlight the significance of adaptive strategies, cultural intelligence, and robust risk management frameworks. Additionally, the study uncovers regional variations in strategic priorities, emphasizing the need for MNCs to tailor their approaches to local market conditions. The paper concludes with recommendations for practitioners to enhance strategic alignment and operational effectiveness across diverse geographical landscapes.

Detección de roca intrusiva alterada mediante tomografía de resistividad eléctrica: El caso del área de San Luis, zona central de Panamá

This work investigates the potentiality of the 2D electrical resistivity tomography method to delineate an altered intrusive rock domain. The detection and characterization of such altered domains are crucial to understanding local hydrogeological conditions. Here, the target is the San Luis area, located in the northern part of the Estibaná River watershed, within the Los Santos Province in the central region of the Isthmus of Panama. First, a detailed geological survey was carried out to better constrain the tectonic structures. Then, two geological sections were developed based on two 2D electrical resistivity tomographies. A geoelectrical simulation process was conducted in both sections to set theoretical models whose model responses (synthetic field data set) would be consistent with the observations. After appropriate selection of the inversion parameters by using the Boundless Electrical Resistivity Tomography (BERT) code, the observations were processed, resulting in low calculation errors (2 < 0.51). Based on the superficial geological information and the results of the geophysical modelling, two profiles were established, depicting the lateral and in-depth distribution of rocks and sediments. The limit of the Ocú-Parita fault zone was identified as well. The results of the 2D inversion of the synthetic data, obtained with the established theoretical models, are consistent with the 2D inversion of the observations. Electrical resistivity tomography studies can be useful in establishing groundwater management models, particularly in areas that experience severe water scarcity during the dry season.

Formation and evolution of thermokarst landslides in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Thermokarst landslide (TL) activity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is intensifying due to climate warming-induced permafrost degradation. However, the mechanisms driving landslide formation and evolution remain poorly understood. This study investigates the spatial distribution, annual frequency, and monthly dynamics of TLs along the Qinghai-Tibet engineering corridor (QTEC), in conjunction with in-situ temperature and rainfall observations, to elucidate the interplay between warming, permafrost degradation, and landslide activity. Through the analysis of high-resolution satellite imagery and field surveys, we identified 1298 landslides along the QTEC between 2016 and 2022, with an additional 386 landslides recorded in a typical landslide-prone sub-area. In 2016, 621 new active-layer detachments (ALDs) were identified, 1.3 times the total historical record. This surge aligned with unprecedented mean annual and August temperatures. The ALDs emerged primarily between late August and early September, coinciding with maximum thaw depth. From 2016 to 2022, 97.8 % of these ALDs evolved into retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs), identified as active landslides. Landslides typically occur in alpine meadows at moderate altitudes and on gentle northward slopes. The thick ice layer near the permafrost table serves as the material basis for ALD occurrence. Abnormally high temperature significantly increased the active layer thickness (ALT), resulting in melting of the ice layer and formation of a thawed interlayer, which was the direct causing factor for ALD. By altering the local material, micro-topography, and thermal conditions, ALD activity significantly increases RTS susceptibility. Understanding the mechanisms of ALD formation and evolution into RTS provides a theoretical foundation for infrastructure development and disaster mitigation in extreme environments.

Influence of livelihood functional diversity on agro-food systems in rural communities from different macro regions of Brazil

Urbanization has changed the livelihood diversity of rural communities worldwide. This study aimed to fit an indicator of the functional diversity of livelihood activities to assess the heterogeneity of socioeconomic conditions and their influence on agro-food changes in rural communities in Brazil. This study was conducted in three macro regions of Brazil, through semi-structured questionnaire interviews conducted in 1012 households to verify details about food patterns, self-consumption farms, and socioeconomic conditions. Data from questionnaires were analyzed using multivariate statistical models to appraise similarities among communities and determine the relative influence of socioeconomic factors on agro-food patterns. Specific socioeconomic status and use of natural resource data were analyzed while adjusting for Petchey and Gaston's indicator of functional diversity to evaluate the heterogeneity of local livelihood activities and socioeconomic conditions. This indicator summarizes the proportional livelihood richness in all sampled places, as better conditions for survival were found in specific localities of the central-west and eastern Amazon regions of Brazil. We also verified that the remote areas of the Goiás and Pará states were regions with the most significant maintenance of traditional food habits and use of natural resources. Although these results do not allow us to establish that all of these areas are undergoing an agro-food transition process, some localities are more likely than others to adjust their livelihood strategies to face global food changes. This interdisciplinary approach facilitated the identification of the most similar groups regarding their livelihoods and socioeconomic conditions that influenced the agro-food transition process in rural regions.

Baltic Sea surface temperature analysis 2022: a study of marine heatwaves and overall high seasonal temperatures

Abstract. In 2022, large parts of the Baltic Sea surface experienced the third-warmest to the warmest temperatures over the summer and autumn months since 1997. Warm temperature anomalies can lead to marine heatwaves (MHWs), which are discrete periods of anomalous high temperatures relative to the usual local conditions. Here, we describe the overall sea surface temperature (SST) conditions observed in the Baltic Sea in 2022 and provide a spatiotemporal description of surface MHW events based on remote sensing, reanalysis, and in situ station data. The most MHWs, locally up to seven MHW events, were detected in the western Baltic Sea and the Inner Danish Straits, where maximum MHW intensities reached values of up to 4.6 °C above the climatological mean. The northern Baltic Proper and the Gulf of Bothnia were impacted mainly by two MHWs at maximum intensities of 7.3 and 9.6 °C, respectively. Our results also reveal that MHWs in the upper layer occur at a different period than at the bottom layers and are likely driven by different mechanisms. Reanalysis data from two exemplary stations, “Lighthouse Kiel (LT Kiel)” and “Northern Baltic”, show a significant increase in MHW occurrences of +0.73 MHW events per decade at LT Kiel and of +0.64 MHW events per decade at Northern Baltic between 1993 and 2022. Moreover, we discuss the expected future increased occurrence of MHWs based on a statistical analysis at both locations.

Assessing the Relationship between Urban Heat Islands and Local Climate Zones during a Winter Period in the Coastal City of Balneário Camboriú/SC, Brazil

This research seeks to understand the link between urban heat island and urban cool island, which are the Local Climatic Zones (LCZ) and atmospheric systems during the winter season in the city of Balneário Camboriú, Southern Brazil. First, meteorological data on the urban environment was collected at 11 permanent points in the Balneário Camboriú metropolitan region. Next, a synoptic analysis of the dates was performed to understand the atmospheric systems operating in the region. Finally, the LCZs map created for the city in the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools was used to correlate the magnitudes of the heat and cool islands found in Balneário Camboriú in the winter period. The results indicate that the increasing verticalization as a result of the construction of skyscrapers in Balneário Camboriú has a significant influence on local conditions for the occurrence of heat and cold islands. The findings indicate that LCZs with sparsely distributed buildings (LCZs 6, 8 and 9) and LCZs with dense vegetation (LCZ A) have lower intensity magnitudes of heat and cool conditions. The biggest magnitudes of heat and cool islands were reported in LCZs 1 and 3 during the timeframe. The synoptic analysis supports earlier research that points to atmospheric stability (Anticyclonic domain) as a favorable atmospheric setting for the emergence of urban heat and coolness islands.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL GUIDANCEFOR SOFT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The article discusses modern methods and practices of psychological and pedagogical guidanceforthe soft skills development of students in higher educational institutions. With globalization and rapid technological progress, traditional teaching methods are becoming insufficient. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of modern methods and practices used in different countries, with the aim of adapting and introducing them into the higher education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The methodological basis of our research is a personal approach, which involves considering the individual characteristics of each student.The analysis of international experience revealed effective methods, such as emotional intelligence development, active learning, coaching and mentoring, project-based and problem-based learning, gamificationand the flipped classroom. These approaches demonstrate high effectiveness and can be adapted for use in the higher education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The introduction of these methods helps to improve the quality of education, improve the employment of graduates and their competitiveness in the labor market. Successful integration of these practices will require adaptation to local conditions and training of teachers, which will significantly increase the level of specialists’training in Kazakhstan.

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES FOR INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE IN CABBAGE CULTURE: ECOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IN MOZAMBIQUE

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is a vegetable widely cultivated due to its nutritional and economic value, especially for small farmers. However, kale production faces significant challenges, mainly due to attacks by aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae), a pest that causes wilting and deformations in plants and acts as a virus vector. In regions such as Southern Africa, inadequate control of this pest has resulted in considerable losses in production, reaching 40% in Mozambique.The adult stage of Brevicoryne brassicae is the most damaging, especially affecting the cabbage crop during its vegetative phase, when the plants are most vulnerable. Effective management of this pest involves continuous monitoring and the use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, which include cultural, biological and chemical methods. Applying these techniques in an integrated way, adapted to local conditions, can significantly reduce damage and improve agricultural productivity, promoting food security and sustainability for small Mozambican farmers.