Local Youth Research Articles

Framing bilingualism within the context of a transnational border: place-based and place-conscious enactments for two kinds of bilingual youth in Laredo, Texas

Abstract In this paper, the bilingualism of local communities and the way that a group of high school teachers discuss and understand bilingualism and biliteracy of two kinds of bilingual youth are examined from a place-based, place-conscious perspective. The high school teachers want to create a new dual language program for local students from Laredo and students from across the Rio Grande River, Nuevo Laredo. The paper shows how the teachers’ language orientations and ideologies inform the ways they view the language capabilities differently for each group of students, favoring academic Spanish and lamenting the language deficits of local Laredo bilingual youth. The paper ends with a recommendation for ways to trouble language orientations and ideologies with an eye toward gaining a deeper, more place-conscious understanding of youth bilingualism and how schools and teachers bear responsible for improving conditions for expanding bilingualism of local youth.

Pelatihan Pengelolaan Instagram Komunitas Desa Dieng sebagai Sarana Promosi Potensi Wilayah

Dieng Wetan Village is one of the areas in Wonosobo Regency that has tourism potential. In publicizing their tourism potential, local youth released an Instagram account @desadieng. However, the publication of tourism through this account is a problem. This is due to several factors. First, the lack of human resources (HR) from the youth organizations of Dieng Wetan Village as managers. Second, the need to strengthen HR skills in terms of content writing, photo and video production as a medium for publication of regional tourism potential. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a training in the production of written and photo content for youth members of Dieng Wetan Village as the manager of the official @desadieng account as a form of publication of regional tourism potential. The training was carried out in four stages, including situation analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The training program which was held for two days began with the provision of materials, discussions, field practices, and evaluations. As a result, participants were able to create promotional content for the tourism potential of Dieng Wetan Village through Instagram social media channels. In the future, participants need to sharpen their sensitivity to local wisdom issues that can enrich publication materials. In addition, public awareness also needs to be formed so that they can independently manage the @desadieng account as the official and consistent official account of Dieng Wetan Village tourism publications.

Local Government Internship and Youth Graduate Employability: Perspectives of Interns, Mentors and HR Managers

In this article, I explore the relationship between the internship programme and the prospects for youth graduate employability as perceived by interns, mentors and HR managers. Unemployment, particularly youth graduate unemployment, is a major development problem. It is worrying that unemployment continues to grow despite major interventions. Among other interventions to overcome youth graduate unemployment was an internship programme established to provide graduates with work experience meant to improve their employability. However, it remains controversial whether graduate internship increases employability prospects of the youth. In this article, I seek to solve this puzzle. A total of 50 semi-structured interviews were conducted with graduate interns and staff members of the eThekwini Municipality in South Africa to elicit data. The results indicate that internship is not always the key to employability and youth graduates often require more than just internship experience to secure employment. In this article, I therefore recommend better internship planning and development. This could improve the role of the internship in graduates’ transition to employment.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Investments in Adverse Childhood Experience Prevention Efforts

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Investments in Adverse Childhood Experience Prevention Efforts

PENGELOLAAN OBJEK WISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT LOKAL DI SIWANG PARADISE NEGERI URIMESSING KOTA AMBON

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how to manage local community-based tourism objects and the constraints in managing tourist objects in Siwang Paradise. In this study, qualitative methods were used in data collection, namely by distributing questionnaires to the community around the Siwang Paradise tourist attraction. the data from the results of the distribution of the questionnaires were processed by descriptive statistical methods which then processed the distribution of the questionnaires to be processed into data in the form of tables and explanations. The results obtained are that the management of the Siwang Paradise tourist attraction is only carried out by community groups who still have family relationships and also involve local youth. In the implementation of the management of the tourism object, it also involves local people who are paid by the manager. The obstacle in managing the Siwang Paradise tourist attraction is the absence of assistance or involvement from the Ambon City government. This can be seen from the condition of the road to the Siwang Paradise tourist attraction that has not been asphalted, the parking area is inadequate, the toilets are still in a simple form and the need for clean water is still inadequate. And the lack of participation from the surrounding community.

Enhancing Karonese Youth Development in Regaji Village Through Volleyball

The young generation is very vulnerable to negative associations, especially those related to drug abuse. One of the ways to save the young generation from the harmful effects of such drug abuse is encouraging them to get engaged in sports or physical activities, such as volleyball. This study aims at: (i) describing the facilities needed to make the local youth in Regaji Village engaged in playing volleyball; and (ii) finding out the advantages of playing volleyball in enhancing the local youth development in Regaji Village. This study used a descriptive qualitative method to describe the phenomenon of volleyball games among youth in Regaji Village, Karo Regency, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The data were collected using direct observations and interviews. The data were analyzed qualitatively. The results show that the facilities available for playing volleyball in Regaji Village are not decent; meanwhile, many local young people like playing volleyball. Playing volleyball provides many advantages to help develop the youth potentials in Regaji Village. Attentions and concerns from the society members and the local government are required to attract more and more young generation in Regaji Village to get engaged in playing volleyball.

Rising Civic Awareness through Local Instagram: Young Kazakhstani Russians and Their Belongingness to Kazakhstan

Abstract The Russia-Ukraine conflict raised fears that Kazakhstani Russians outside of Russia could be mobilized by the idea of the Russkiĭ mir (Russian world), which has been actively spread on the Russian-speaking segment of social media. Although Russian- speaking social media are popular in Kazakhstan, the example of young Kazakhstani Russians demonstrates that social media usage strengthens the connection to Kazakhstan rather than to the historical “home” country. Being surrounded by visual and textual information related to Kazakhstani urban centers, local Russian youth begin to envisage and create their version of Kazakhstan based upon personal social media feeds. As a result, their civic awareness and sense of belonging to Kazakhstan raise and allow these young people to navigate and portray their national identity in a positive way.

‘Las juventudes’ rising: Argentina’s local, global and innovative youth activism

‘Las juventudes’ rising: Argentina’s local, global and innovative youth activism

Local wisdom-friendly youth health services for students of Citra Bangsa Junior High School, Limo District, Depok

Adolescent health services for junior high school (SMP) students are very important in the effort to create a drug-free young generation, because they are the nation's next generation who will determine the nation's future fate. The primary objective of this program is to improve students' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior about drugs and adolescent health; develop the character of healthy, drug-free teenagers; and develop junior high school students' creativity in peer education as a promotional effort to create drug-free schools. Health education, training, mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation are some of the methods used. The assessment revealed a 98.2% increase in knowledge, a 94.7% increase in attitude, and a 93% increase in behavior. At Citra Bangsa Junior High School, the youth health service program "BERSINAR" (Bersih Narkoba) has also proven to be effective as a peer companion program. The outcome of this program suggest that schools and health centers play an active role in ongoing coaching, mentoring, monitoring, and evaluation activities.

Home-based Early Intervention for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders by Community Therapy Providers Supported by a Specialized Mobile Application in Purulia, West Bengal

Background: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) are a major global public health problem, particularly affecting children from the lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In India, nearly 2.3 million children below 6 years of age have some developmental disability, of whom many live in rural and semi-urban areas with minimum access to early intervention services. We attempted to reach out to such a population at their doorstep with affordable care and management through home-based early intervention (HBEI) programs provided by local field level workers (hitherto referred as community therapy providers [CTP]). A group of local youth, with a short training on NDD and EI methods, have been providing regular, weekly therapy sessions to the afflicted children at the latter's residence, under constant virtual guidance and monitoring by specialists, with the help of a mobile application. The children were initially screened and assessed by our specialist team, who assigned the therapy program and demonstrated the techniques to the CTPs. Clinical Description: We are sharing a series of 8 cases, ranging from cerebral palsy to Global Developmental Delay and speech delay, who have received HBEI for 3–5 months, to demonstrate the impact of the program. Management and Outcome: The children have shown improvement in all domains with the intensive and regular services. Moreover, empathy, concern, and inclusion of parents in therapy sessions rejuvenated the families. Conclusion: Provision of HBEI through field workers may be a cost-effective solution to the formidable problem of childhood disability among the under-privileged rural community. The electronic tracking system has proved very useful in remote monitoring.

Cumulative strain-based metrics for predicting subconcussive head impact exposure-related imaging changes in a cohort of American youth football players.

Youth football athletes are exposed to repetitive subconcussive head impacts during normal participation in the sport, and there is increasing concern about the long-term effects of these impacts. The objective of the current study was to determine if strain-based cumulative exposure measures are superior to kinematic-based exposure measures for predicting imaging changes in the brain. This prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted from 2012 to 2017 and assessed youth, male football athletes. Kinematic data were collected at all practices and games from enrolled athletes participating in local youth football organizations in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and were used to calculate multiple risk-weighted cumulative exposure (RWE) kinematic metrics and 36 strain-based exposure metrics. Pre- and postseason imaging was performed at Wake Forest School of Medicine, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, including fractional anisotropy (FA), and its components (CL, CP, and CS), and mean diffusivity (MD), were investigated. Included participants were youth football players ranging in age from 9 to 13 years. Exclusion criteria included any history of previous neurological illness, psychiatric illness, brain tumor, concussion within the past 6 months, and/or contraindication to MRI. A total of 95 male athletes (mean age 11.9 years [SD 1.0 years]) participated between 2012 and 2017, with some participating for multiple seasons, resulting in 116 unique athlete-seasons. Regression analysis revealed statistically significant linear relationships between the FA, linear coefficient (CL), and spherical coefficient (CS) and all strain exposure measures, and well as the planar coefficient (CP) and 8 strain measures. For the kinematic exposure measures, there were statistically significant relationships between FA and RWE linear (RWEL) and RWE combined probability (RWECP) as well as CS and RWEL. According to area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) analysis, the best-performing metrics were all strain measures, and included metrics based on tensile, compressive, and shear strain. Using ROC curves and AUC analysis, all exposure metrics were ranked in order of performance, and the results demonstrated that all the strain-based metrics performed better than any of the kinematic metrics, indicating that strain-based metrics are better discriminators of imaging changes than kinematic-based measures. Studies relating the biomechanics of head impacts with brain imaging and cognitive function may allow equipment designers, care providers, and organizations to prevent, identify, and treat injuries in order to make football a safer activity.

The Catcher: Melbourne’s 1960s discotheques and law and order

By the middle of the 1960s, Australia’s ‘first wave’ of rock and roll had been superseded by a maturing set of music-media industries, although significant differences remained between Australian cities and states in relation to live music circuits (venue trading hours, types of venues and their uses). The Catcher, a Flinders Lane music venue that operated from 1966 to 1971 as part of a flourishing inner Melbourne scene of blues, rock and rhythm and blues, is examined as part of a discotheque boom that granted the city the status of Australia’s ‘pop capital’. In examining the circumstances of the unlicensed discotheque period that emerged from the mid 1960s, the Catcher’s relatively brief yet vivid tenure represented the expansion of Melbourne’s live music sector derived from a distinctive combination of regulatory, industry and media contexts. At the same time, examination of subsequent media and bureaucratic attention placed venues such as the Catcher within wider local concerns about youth, sexuality and ‘responsible’ nightlife. This article situates the Catcher within moral panic cycles of media/governmental attention and its consequences for local youth and popular music scenes.

125 Galveston County Youth Risk Survey: A Glimpse into Our Children’s Health and Wellbeing

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The 2020-2021 Galveston County Youth Risk Survey continues past efforts to characterize behavioral risks for local youth, identify disproportionate risks among groups, and provide the data needed for action and intervention to improve the health and safety of our youth in Galveston, Texas. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: While the survey is based on the CDC Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), there was community need for an expanded survey and thus a workgroup was formed to create the Galveston Youth Risk Survey, including members from UTMBs Institute for Translational Sciences, a number of other UTMB departments and Centers, the Research, Education, and Community Health (REACH) Coalition, several school districts, Teen Health Clinic, and a variety of other community health organizations with vested interest. The survey was administered in November 2020 via ScanTron and REDCap to two local high schools with populations greater than 2,000. CDC guidelines for administration of the YRBSS were followed. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 2,428 students completed the survey from GISD and DISD. The survey provided insight into the following categories, with mental health emerging as a pressing issue, specifically stress and depression, particularly among females. All results are reported in several contexts, including comparisons by gender, grade, and ethnicity, a comparison to state and national statistics when available, as well as risk trends from previous surveys. Demographics Safety, including driving, violence, and bullying Mental Health: stress, depression, suicidal ideation, and ACEs Human Trafficking Substance Use, including smoking, alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use Sexual Behaviors, including contraceptive use Body Weight and Body Image Health Conditions Home Life: Support and Security DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The report has been presented to the school districts, immediate stakeholders, REACH membership, and the general public. Several presentations have been given to groups to report the findings. Workgroups will now be formed to address the needs of our students, as well as a possible follow-up survey to look at data specific to COVID-19 and mental health.

THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING AND ADVANCED TRAINING OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS PERSONNEL OF PENZA REGION IN THE 1960s

The article examines the practice of professional training and professional development of physical culture and sports personnel in the USSR at the regional level – in Penza region in the 1960s.
 
 The issue of organizing training and improving the training level of employees in the field of physical culture and sports in Penza region has not been studied sufficiently and requires in-depth research.
 
 During the study period, Penza region lacked competent and experienced managers of physical culture and sports work, coaches, instructors and judges for the mass development of physical culture and sports.
 
 The All-Russian Council of Sports Societies and Organizations Union and Penza Regional Council of the Sports Union repeatedly considered this issue, recommended to intensify the work in this field and proposed a set of measures to normalize the staff composition of the physical culture and sports movement in the region.
 
 The main problem was the lack of higher and secondary vocational education; the number of full-time physical education workers with specialized training in the designated chronological framework did not exceed 63%.
 
 The Faculty of Physical Education of Penza State Pedagogical Institute named after V.G. Belinsky was the “source of manpower” of personnel for the physical culture and sports movement in the region. The administrators of the Pedagogical Institute sought to enroll local youth to the faculty, preferably athletes, by recommendations of educational institutions, regional sports unions, Komsomol organizations.
 
 Penza Union of Sports Societies and Organizations, together with the party and Komsomol bodies, carried out systematic activities in this direction, using various forms of work – seminars, courses, meetings, etc. The regional Council practiced visits of its employees to the towns and districts of the region to assist in organizing training of instructors, judges, etc. Former athletes worked as coaches for free.
 
 For the heads of physical culture and sports structures, refresher courses were constantly held at the Republican training and sports base and seminars of the Sports Union in Moscow. The regional sports union believed that the quality of the coaches’ work was negatively affected by their employment in several places.

Inequality in the American West: schooling at a Colorado coal camp in the early twentieth century

ABSTRACT This article examines schooling in the western American state of Colorado during the early twentieth century. Conditions of youth and education are examined at the Walsen coal-mining camp near the town of Walsenburg in the southern region of the state. The experiences of children in the camp are compared to with those living in the town, with a focus on educational opportunities. While provision of elementary schooling in both settings was generally similar, important differences distinguished opportunities for secondary education. Variation in youth experiences in these settings is examined through census data, camp records and other sources. Ethnic and social class differences were linked to significant disparities in the ability of local youth to take advantage of schooling options that otherwise may have been available to them. Even in the West, background characteristics such as these played major roles in the educational experiences of area children and youth.

When opinions differ: the development of a reflection tool for youth professionals to support shared decision-making with parents

ABSTRACT The importance of shared decision-making (SDM) in youth care is increasingly emphasised. Professional reflection on the decision-making process is an important means to improve the use of SDM in practice. In this study, we report on the development of a reflection tool for youth professionals primarily to use when they hold a different opinion then parents about referral to specialised youth care services. In co-creation with local youth professionals and parent representatives from the South of the Netherlands, the tool was developed and tested in practice. This process was guided by a three-stage cyclical research project. First, reflective group discussions provided an initial understanding of professionals’ needs, interests and experiences. This input then was analysed and documented into a draft tool with reflective questions. Next, this tool was tested on fictive and real life cases and adjusted with input from youth professionals and parents. This process resulted in an online reflection tool covering 16 overarching reflective questions to support youth professionals’ reflection on their shared decision-making in practice. The tool can be used and adapted by others in the field of youth care to improve the process of making shared decisions with parents in complex cases.

Neuropsychological Profiles of Athletes and Views of Parents Choosing Flag Versus Tackle Football Participation.

Background:Previous studies have found that injury rates are slightly higher in children who play flag football versus tackle football. It is unclear if this difference is due to the way each type is played or taught or whether there are intrinsic differences in attitudes or neuropsychological characteristics in children and their parents.Purpose:To determine whether children who play flag football score differently from those who play tackle football on validated neuropsychological tests.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Each participating athlete (aged 8-12 years) was recruited in 2018 and 2019 by email through local youth football leagues and the local university. Each athlete was administered a 1-time multidimensional assessment battery. The battery included the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence-2nd Edition, the children’s version of the Trail Making Test, the Integrated Digit Span and Spatial Span subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-4th Edition (WISC-IV), and the Beck Self-Concept Inventory for Youth. The parent/guardian of each athlete completed the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist-Parent Report Form, the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)-Parent Form, and a custom survey. These tests were used to determine IQ estimates and standardized scores, measuring verbal comprehension, matrix reasoning, mental set-shifting, attention, cognitive processing speed, working memory, spatial processing, perception of self-concept, behavioral regulation index, metacognition index, and global executive composite. Scores were compared between flag football and tackle football groups by 2-sample t test, with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test used for nonparametric data.Results:A total of 64 athletes (41 tackle football, 23 flag football) were enrolled from youth football leagues (grades 4-6). Flag players scored significantly higher on the WISC-IV Spatial Span-Backward subtest (scaled mean, 12.0 vs 10.6; P = .046), while tackle players had significantly higher BRIEF-Inhibit subscores (mean t-score, 45 vs 42; P = .026). There were no significant differences in any of the other tests, including socioeconomic status and perceived concussion risks.Conclusion:Concerns that injury epidemiologic studies comparing flag with tackle football could be confounded by intrinsic differences in the children who choose to play each type seem to be unfounded.

An Intersectional Analysis of Child and Adolescent Inclusion in Local Participation Processes

Educational and social initiatives promoting participation among children and adolescents struggle with the widely‐held notion that non‐adult stages of life are merely transitory and that, therefore, non‐adults’ views on public life are of less value. Apart from this hurdle of adult‐centrism, there are other obstacles to the full participation of this segment of the population. The present study analyses the inbuilt structures that help or hinder children and adolescents’ participation in the local arena. Being ascribed to one or other of the social categories (gender, origins, racialisation, economic status, functional diversity, physical and mental health, gender identity), in addition to being a child or adolescent, involves a further difficulty in exercising one’s rights in general and the right of participation in particular, and this weakens young people’s social inclusion and exercise of citizenship, deepening their social vulnerability. This is where the intersectional approach can help us avoid the exclusion of children and adolescents with added social barriers. In this article, we survey 191 local youth workers to determine their perceptions of inclusivity in child participation bodies in their municipality. The specific measures in place are also discussed. Lastly, we identify the challenges to children’s inclusion in local participation processes and some strategies for advancing towards the creation of more diverse and inclusive arenas of participation.

Alternate delivery platforms and implementation models for bringing evidence-based behavioral interventions to scale for youth facing adversity: a case study in West Africa

BackgroundYouth Functioning and Organizational Success for West African Regional Development (Youth FORWARD) was launched as an implementation science collaboration focused on scaling out evidence-based mental health interventions for youth exposed to war and other adversities through novel delivery platforms. This implementation science case study examines the use of a collaborative team approach (CTA) as a scale-out strategy to foster the integration of an evidence-based group mental health intervention, the Youth Readiness Intervention, into youth employment programs tied to regional economic development in Sierra Leone.MethodsA case study methodology is used to explore the feasibility and acceptability of integrating an evidence-based intervention, the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI), into youth entrepreneurship programs (ENTR) in Sierra Leone, facilitated by the CTA. The authors analyzed field notes logged during program implementation, 8 weeks of supervision notes, 20 interviews with agency leaders and front-line staff delivering the YRI within this alternate delivery platform. Quantitative dissemination and implementation interviews administered to youth, facilitators, and agency leaders were analyzed using descriptive statistics and mixed linear models. A linked Hybrid Type II effectiveness-implementation cluster randomized trial is evaluating the clinical effectiveness of the YRI within this delivery platform.ResultsExtant data indicate the strong feasibility and acceptability of integrating the YRI into the ENTR program. Facilitators of integration of the YRI into the ENTR include mission alignment of the organizations with the delivery of psychosocial interventions, shared commitment to serving vulnerable youth, support from local District Youth Councils, and high interest from the youth served. Barriers include perceived competition between frontline organizations seeking funding for psychosocial interventions, and challenges in flexibility between donors and implementation partners operating in a fragile/post-conflict setting. The CTA was a feasible and acceptable strategy to support fidelity and quality improvement while scaling out the YRI.ConclusionsYouth entrepreneurship and livelihood programs offer a promising mechanism for expanding the reach of evidence-based interventions to youth in fragile and post-conflict settings. Quality improvement and sustainment of evidence-based interventions are novel concepts in such settings. The CTA strategy institutionalizes the integration of an evidence-based intervention into youth entrepreneurship programs.Trial registrationNCT03603613 (phase 1 pilot, registered May 18, 2018) and NCT03542500 (phase 2 scale-out study, registered May 18, 2018).

Rural microgrids – ‘Tragedy of commons’ or ‘community collective action’

ABSTRACT Providing universal electricity access is India’s national priority and part of its global commitment to sustainable development. India has an increasing urban-rural gap in electricity consumption. Microgrids can evolve as a viable solution, especially for last-mile connectivity in rural areas. Through a field survey, this paper evaluates the functioning and governance of solar microgrid projects in eight villages of Komna Block in the eastern province of India. These projects were hailed for their holistic implementation with a significant portion of the budget invested in governance aspects. However, the field survey showed that most of these projects were dysfunctional and had suffered from the ‘tragedy of commons’, where people over-exploit a common resource leading to its collapse. One of the projects, which was functional, reflected ‘community collective action’, where people cooperate to manage the system. An analysis of these projects revealed that, for the sustainability of microgrids, it is imperative to acknowledge energy aspirations of rural households, to develop the capacity of the local youth for microgrid maintenance, to have a governance based on the common-pool resource theory, and to have complementarity with the main grid. The study also examined the inconsistencies in the definition of microgrids and proposed a forward-looking definition for the global south.