Local Point Of View Research Articles

Deep learning approach on information diffusion in heterogeneous networks

There are many real-world complex systems with multi-type interacting entities that can be regarded as heterogeneous networks including human connections and biological evolutions. One of the main issues in such networks is to predict information diffusion such as shape, growth and size of social events and evolutions in the future. While there exist a variety of works on this topic mainly using a threshold-based approach, they suffer from the local viewpoint on the network and sensitivity to the threshold parameters. In this paper, information diffusion is considered through a latent representation learning of the heterogeneous networks to encode in a deep learning model. To this end, we propose a novel meta-path representation learning approach, Heterogeneous Deep Diffusion(HDD), to exploit meta-paths as main entities in networks. At first, the functional heterogeneous structures of the network are learned by a continuous latent representation through traversing meta-paths with the aim of global end-to-end viewpoint. Then, the well-known deep learning architectures are employed on our generated features to predict diffusion processes in the network. The proposed approach enables us to apply it on different information diffusion tasks such as topic diffusion and cascade prediction. We demonstrate the proposed approach on benchmark network datasets through the well-known evaluation measures. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms the earlier state-of-the-art methods.

Simulation of heat transfer in a closed-cell porous media under local thermal non-equilibrium condition

Purpose The purpose of this study is to validate whether the local thermal equilibrium for unsteady state is an appropriate assumption for the porous media with closed pores. It also compares the transient temperatures between the pore scale and volume averaged approaches to prove that the volume averaged method is an appropriate technique for the heat transfer in closed-cell porous media. The interfacial heat transfer coefficient for the closed-cell porous media is also discussed in details. Design/methodology/approach The governing equations for the pore scale and continuum domains are given. They are solved numerically for the pore scale and volume-averaged domains. The results are compared and discussion was done. The performed discussions and explanations are supported with figure and graphics. Findings A local thermal non-equilibrium exits for the closed-cell porous media in which voids are filled with water during the unsteady heat transfer process. Local thermal non-equilibrium condition exists in the cells under high temperature gradient and it disappears when the heat transfer process becomes steady-state. Although a local thermal equilibrium exists in the porous media in which the voids are filled with air, a finite value for heat transfer coefficient is found. The thermal diffusivity of air and solid phase are close to each other and hence a local thermal equilibrium exists. Research limitations/implications The study is done only for the closed-cell porous media and for Rayleigh number till 105. Two common working fluids as water and air are considered. Practical implications There are many applications of porous media with closed pores particularly in the industry, such as the closed-cell metal foam or the closed cells in porous materials such as foods and plastic-based insulation material. The obtained results are important for transient heat transfer in closed-cell porous materials. Social implications The obtained results are important from the transient application of heat transfer in the closed-cell material existing in nature and industry. Originality/value The authors’ literature survey shows that it is the first time the closed-cell porous media is discussed from local thermal non-equilibrium point of view and it is proved that the local thermal non-equilibrium can exist in the closed-cell porous media. Hence, two equations as solid and fluid equations should be used for unsteady heat transfer in a closed-cell porous medium.

TORUS ACTIONS, LOCALIZATION AND INDUCED REPRESENTATIONS ON COHOMOLOGY

This note is motivated by the problem of understanding Springer’s remarkable representation of the Weyl group W of a semisimple complex linear algebraic group G on the cohomology algebra of an arbitrary Springer variety in the ag variety of G from the viewpoint of torus actions and localization. Continuing the work [CK] which gave a sufficient condition for a group \( \mathcal{W} \) acting on the fixed point set of an algebraic torus action (S, X) on a complex projective variety X to lift to a representation of \( \mathcal{W} \) on the cohomology algebra H*(X) (over ℂ), we describe when the representation on H*(X) is equivalent to the representation of \( \mathcal{W} \) on the cohomology H*(XS) of the fixed point set. As a consequence of this theorem, we give a simple proof in type A of the Alvis–Lusztig–Treumann Theorem, which describes Springer’s representation of W for Springer varieties corresponding to nilpotents in a Levi subalgebra of Lie(G). Finally, we consider special torus actions (S, X), establishing sharp lower and upper bounds for the number of edges at each vertex of their moment graphs. We further show that a finite group \( \mathcal{W} \) acting on the moment graph 𝔐(X) of a special torus action acts on the cohomology algebra H*(X) in two ways: namely the left and right or dot and star actions of Knutson [Knu] and Tymoczko [Tym]. It follows from our main theorem that the right action is induced from the natural representation of \( \mathcal{W} \) on H0(XS).

Evaluation of selected practices in the field of urban logistics in Poland

Dynamic growth of automotive indicator and increasing level of freight being carried in the Polish cities are causing serious transport problems. Migration to the cities is a trend observed still in Poland that is expected to continue. Bottlenecks, delivery obstacles, congestion, traffic jams and air pollutions require prompt organizational and technological intervention. The article starts a discussion about the condition of the urban logistics in Poland, comparing various models from the local government authorities point of view and inhabitants. The author outlines the barriers and obstacles in the planning and implementing of the modern urban logistical solutions. The majority of municipal and local government authorities, despite the declared enthusiasm for the smart city concept, prefer traditional infrastructure investments, instead of joint and interdisciplinary planning of the combined organizational and technological solutions tailored to the needs of a specific city. There is an urgent need to introduce regulations limiting freight traffic in the Polish cities, road tolls depending on emissivity, payloads, parking infrastructure. There should be rules planned determining time windows in the urban transport, organizing in-city consolidation centers, etc. The paper includes recommendations for creating Urban Vehicle Access Regulation Schemes for the Polish cities. The article includes also the findings and recommendation for the Polish cities in the field of urban logistics. The author emphasizes, however, that there is still a lack of long-term investment plans in the field of logistics and freight transport in so-called smart cities. The paper demonstrates that the efficiency of the functioning of Po-land’s urban logistics network does not necessarily imply cost-intensive infrastructural development. The optimization of logistics activities should be brought about in urbanized areas primarily based on the organisational changes in the transportation system, customs, habits and behavioral patterns of its users as well as the altered functions of selected. Such an approach is the closest to the views expressed by the inhabitants; however, it all too often proves contradictory to the interests of the other stakeholders of the system. Any changes to the city’s transport layouts or systems, or mobility policies (as a broader concept), call for a broad public contribution when it comes to consulting projects and designing the improvements. Organisational and financial support is likewise indispensable, along with the development of an incentives system. The author also pointed out a need to monitor comprehensively the solutions in the field of urban logistics and urban freight transport of the Polish cities using socio-economic analysis tools. The selected methods of evaluating the urban logistics solutions, incl. comparative best practices analysis, have been discussed.

Perception and use of non-native and invasive flora from Sierras de Córdoba in central Argentina

ABSTRACT The perception, knowledge and use of non-native and invasive flora by social actors associated with protected areas in central Argentina were analyzed. Contemporary ethnoecology methods were followed. A total of 108 non-native species of botanical interest was documented. An organization of species is proposed according to their Relative Importance, and on an attitude scale in relation to conservation/elimination interest. In the case of invasive species, perceptions on ecology, importance and/or control are discussed based on the profiles of the social actors. The results shed light upon local points of view and nuances of what “non-native” and “invasive” means to the studied rural population. The use spectrum for some of the non-native species has shed light on adaptation to the cultural use of species based on resource availability, not necessarily associated with preference. Additionally, it should be noted that local actors perceive non-native and invasive species differently, which should be considered in the development of management and conservation guidelines.

Dynamic Distributed Monitoring Strategy for Large-Scale Nonstationary Processes Subject to Frequently Varying Conditions Under Closed-Loop Control

Large-scale processes under closed-loop control are commonly subjected to frequently varying conditions due to load changes or other causes, resulting in typical nonstationary characteristics. For closed-loop control processes, the normal changes in operation conditions may distort the static and dynamic variations in a different way from real faults. In this paper, a dynamic distributed monitoring strategy is proposed to separate the dynamic variations from the steady states, and concurrently, monitor them to distinguish changes in the normal operating condition and real faults for large-scale nonstationary processes under closed-loop control. First, large-scale nonstationary process variables are decomposed into different blocks to mine the local information. Second, the static and dynamic equilibrium relations are separated by probing into the cointegration analysis solution in each block. Third, the concurrent monitoring models are constructed to supervise both the steady variations and their dynamic counterparts for each block. Finally, the local monitoring results are combined by Bayesian inference to obtain global results, which enable description and monitoring of both static and dynamic equilibrium relations from the global and local viewpoints. The feasibility and performance of the proposed method are illustrated with a real industrial process, which is a 1000-MW ultra-supercritical thermal power unit.

Kernel Low-Rank Representation Based on Local Similarity for Hyperspectral Image Classification

Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification is an important technology for hyperspectral data analysis, which has the challenge of high dimensionality and limited training samples. Moreover, due to the spatial continuity of material distribution, it is reasonable to improve the performance of HSI classification from the local similarity viewpoint, i.e., pixels in the same local region have a high probability to share similar features. Therefore, in this paper, a novel method based on local similarity and kernel low-rank representation is proposed to improve the classification accuracy for HSI. First, taking into consideration that pixels in the same homogeneous region share similar spectral features (termed local similarity), the HSI is segmented by the superpixel segmentation algorithm to obtain the homogeneous regions. Then, a model of kernel low-rank representation based on local similarity (KLRRLS) is proposed for HSI classification. In the model of KLRRLS, the nonlinear structure characteristics of HSI are extracted by employing the kernel trick, and the low-rank constraint is used as a prior to restrict the recovery coefficient matrix in each segmentation region, thus efficiently solving the linear non-separable problem and exploiting the contextual information of HSI. Finally, the classification results are generated by fusing the result of each segmented map via the maximum voting mechanism. Experimental results on three real HSI datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the classification accuracy.

Folk spirituality, ghosts, and tsunami death-mitigation in Iwate, Japan: a local take on the legends of tōno - story 99

Anthropological studies of tsunami-related folk spirituality are rare. Yet historically, ghosts have often helped residents in Iwate, Japan to mitigate some unimaginable human losses resulting from each of three calamitous tsunami which have struck its coastline during the last 122 years. Among the many tsunami death-mitigating ghost tales recorded is Yanagita Kunio’s Kyūjū-Kyū-Wa: Ōtsunami (Story 99: The Giant Tsunami), first published in 1910. Once considered meaningful to survivors who lost loved ones and friends, in recent decades, contemporary analysts have questioned the utility of its message. Using traditional ethnographic methods, contemporary Japanese media sources, and new physical evidence discovered since 2001, this study demonstrates that Story 99, which is slowly fading from public memory in the current generation, is still worthy of fulfilling its original mandate to help tsunami survivors left behind to accept and overcome their heart breaking losses from a local point of view that has never been fully articulated.

A local Benford Law for a class of arithmetic sequences

It is well known that sequences such as the Fibonacci numbers and the factorials satisfy Benford’s Law; that is, leading digits in these sequences occur with frequencies given by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we investigate leading digit distributions of arithmetic sequences from a local point of view. We call a sequence locally Benford distributed of order [Formula: see text] if, roughly speaking, [Formula: see text]-tuples of consecutive leading digits behave like [Formula: see text] independent Benford-distributed digits. This notion refines that of a Benford distributed sequence, and it provides a way to quantify the extent to which the Benford distribution persists at the local level. Surprisingly, most sequences known to satisfy Benford’s Law have rather poor local distribution properties. In our main result we establish, for a large class of arithmetic sequences, a “best-possible” local Benford Law; that is, we determine the maximal value [Formula: see text] such that the sequence is locally Benford distributed of order [Formula: see text]. The result applies, in particular, to sequences of the form [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], as well as the sequence of factorials [Formula: see text] and similar iterated product sequences.

A mixed-method approach for the assessment of local community perception towards wind farms

The implementation of wind power projects can have significant impacts on local communities. If on one hand the project can bring important economic benefits, on the other hand it can represent a source of conflicts and discontentment. This paper aims to revisit this topic, addressing impacts and their perceptions from the local community point of view. A mixed method approach was proposed and implemented in a Portuguese region (municipality) used as case study. Semi-structured interviews directed towards local stakeholders were conducted to evaluate the acceptance of these wind power projects and the perceived impacts. The qualitative study was subsequently complemented and validated by a quantitative approach, through a questionnaire targeting local population. In general, the collected opinions seem mainly driven by the perceived socio-economic benefits resulting from wind farm deployment, with generally positive attitude towards wind farms. Identified local positive impacts include “community funds”, “benefits in kind” and “indirect local employment”. The key role of benefit sharing mechanisms on ensuring public acceptance and effective local development is confirmed.

Calibrating a new attenuation curve for the Dead Sea region using surface wave dispersion surveys in sites damaged by the 1927 Jericho earthquake

Abstract. Instrumental strong motion data are not common around the Dead Sea region. Therefore, calibrating a new attenuation equation is a considerable challenge. However, the Holy Land has a remarkable historical archive, attesting to numerous regional and local earthquakes. Combining the historical record with new seismic measurements will improve the regional equation. On 11 July 1927, a rupture, in the crust in proximity to the northern Dead Sea, generated a moderate 6.2 ML earthquake. Up to 500 people were killed, and extensive destruction was recorded, even as far as 150 km from the focus. We consider local near-surface properties, in particular, the shear-wave velocity, as an amplification factor. Where the shear-wave velocity is low, the seismic intensity far from the focus would likely be greater than expected from a standard attenuation curve. In this work, we used the multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method to estimate seismic wave velocity at anomalous sites in Israel in order to calibrate a new attenuation equation for the Dead Sea region. Our new attenuation equation contains a term which quantifies only lithological effects, while factors such as building quality, foundation depth, topography, earthquake directivity, type of fault, etc. remain out of our scope. Nonetheless, about 60 % of the measured anomalous sites fit expectations; therefore, this new ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) is statistically better than the old ones. From our local point of view, this is the first time that integration of the 1927 historical data and modern shear-wave velocity profile measurements improved the attenuation equation (sometimes referred to as the attenuation relation) for the Dead Sea region. In the wider context, regions of low-to-moderate seismicity should use macroseismic earthquake data, together with modern measurements, in order to better estimate the peak ground acceleration or the seismic intensities to be caused by future earthquakes. This integration will conceivably lead to a better mitigation of damage from future earthquakes and should improve maps of seismic hazard.

SemTra: A semi-supervised approach to traffic flow labeling with minimal human effort

Network traffic classification is an essential component for service differentiation, network design and management and security systems. The limitations of traditional port-based and payload methods have been addressed by recent promising studies which rely on the analysis of the statistics of traffic flows and the use of machine learning techniques. However, due to the high cost of manual labeling, it is hard to obtain sufficient, reliable and up-to-date labeled data for effective IP traffic classification. This paper proposes a novel semi-supervised approach, called SemTra, which automatically alleviates the shortage of labeled flows for machine learning by exploiting the advantages of both supervised and unsupervised models. In particular, SemTra involves the following: (i) generating multi-view representations of the original data based on dimensionality reduction methods to have strong discrimination ability, (ii) incorporating the generated representations into the ensemble clustering model to provide a combined clustering output with better quality and stability, (iii) adapting the concept of self-training to iteratively utilize the few labeled data along with unlabeled within local and global viewpoints; and (iiii) obtaining the final class decision by combining the decisions of mapping strategy of clusters, the local self-training and global self-training approaches. Extensive experiments were carried out to compare the effectiveness of SemTra over representative semi-supervised methods using sixteen network traffic datasets.

Model Checking Longitudinal Control in Vehicle Platoon Systems

With a steadily growing number of vehicles, our roads are getting more and more crowded. As a consequence, traffic jams are becoming common. Vehicle platoon systems form a possible solution in the short term. It consists of a number of vehicles automatically following a leader vehicle, in-line, one after another at a short but safe distance. Ideally, all vehicles have to maintain the same speed, so as to have a better usage of the road by minimizing the distance between two vehicles. In this paper we present a timed automata model of a vehicle platoon system with the goal of finding a minimal but guaranteed safe distance between two vehicles under variable speed. Contrary to other models based on cooperative adaptive cruise control, we assume no (Internet) communication among different vehicles or road system. Instead of such global perspective we rather take a local point of view: each vehicle relies on its own sensors to dynamically calculate and maintain a safe distance with the preceding member of the platoon. We use the model checker UPPAAL to verify that the system does not deadlock, and most importantly, that it is safe, avoiding crashes at all time.

A robust multi-objective localized outrigger layout assessment model under variable connecting control node and space deposition

In this article, a simple and robust multi-objective assessment method to control design angles and node positions connected among steel outrigger truss members is proposed to approve both structural safety and economical cost. For given outrigger member layouts, the present method utilizes general-purpose prototypes of outrigger members, having resistance to withstand lateral load effects directly applied to tall buildings, which conform to variable connecting node and design space deposition. Outrigger layouts are set into several initial design conditions of height to width of an arbitrary given design space, i.e., variable design space. And then they are assessed in terms of a proposed multi-objective function optimizing both minimal total displacement and material quantity subjected to design impact factor indicating the importance of objectives. To evaluate the proposed multi-objective function, an analysis model uses a modified Maxwell-Mohr method, and an optimization model is defined by a ground structure assuming arbitrary discrete straight members. It provides a new robust assessment model from a local design point of view, as it may produce specific optimal prototypes of outrigger layouts corresponding to arbitrary height and width ratio of design space. Numerical examples verify the validity and robustness of the present assessment method for controlling prototypes of outrigger truss members considering a multi-objective optimization achieving structural safety and material cost.

“Muslim Question” and “the Orthodox Answer” in the Imperial Policy of Russia in Turkestan

Talking “a Muslim question” in an imperial policy of Russia in Turkestan it is necessary to tell some words about the attitude towards in the local orthodox diocese point of view. Corner the question in life of any “suburban” diocese was the question connected with conducting missionary activity among the indigenous not orthodox people. It was impossible to bypass this question in Turkestan also. Despite official declaring of regional administration of a ban on carrying out missionary activity within Turkestan and absence of practical and financial aid in this question from the central and regional power, the diocese nevertheless tried to carry out that work by own forces. During the period from 1907 to 1917 certain steps in this direction the diocese were carried out. Russia strongly saved on the maintenance of the Turkestan diocese. There were neither shots, nor money, neither enthusiasts devotees of missionary business, nor support from regional administration. Thus the diocese positioned itself as vanguard of an imperial policy in the region. However the being available structure of clergy wasn't rather prepared for service in specific conditions of the region. The orthodox clergy in Turkestan didn't sustain the most powerful competition to mullahs “for souls and hearts” indigenous people. How the orthodox missionary “worked” in Turkestan and whether it there was in general? We will try to understand on the annual reports of the Turkestan and Tashkent diocese to the Synod and looking to the publications of the Turkestan Diocesan Sheets magazine.

Donor‐acceptor interactions: Transition metal carbonyl group ligand [TM(CO)6]q complexes. A case study at correlated level from the topological density point of view

AbstractThe analysis of d6 transition metal (TM)‐ligand (L) interactions between one metallic atom and several carbonyl group ligands complexes [TM (CO)6]q (q net ionic charge) for the transition metal isoelectronic series, TM = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe is presented within the framework of the local and nonlocal topological analysis electron density point of view using its natural decomposition into pairing and unpairing contributions. The driving idea of this analysis is the relationship between the molecular orbital σ‐, π‐donation for the description of the rearrangement and the existence of complex binding interactions of two or four electron over three centers type, (2e‐3c), (4e‐3c). This study reveals the formation of (4e‐3c) complex patterns for the CO‐TM moieties which coexists with π‐donation carried out by the TM.

Inclination Angle Optimization for “Inclined Projected Winglet Pair” Vortex Generator

Abstract Vortex generators (VG) are widely used in multifunctional heat exchangers/reactors for augmenting the heat transfer from fin plates to the working fluid. In this study, numerical simulations for longitudinal VGs are performed for both laminar and turbulent flow regimes. The shear-stress transport (SST) κ–ω model is used for modeling turbulence. Inclination angle for a new streamlined VG configuration called inclined projected winglet pair (IPWP) was varied to study the effect of this angle on the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to deduce the inclination angle effects on heat transfer, pressure drop, and vorticity from both local and global points of view. Such study highlights the optimization for this VG configuration for better heat transfer intensification, based on thermal enhancement factor (TEF). Finally, it is found that the VG with inclination angle ranging from 30 deg to 35 deg exhibits the best global performance compared to other inclination angles. This type of studies is important for the enhancement of the thermal performance of heat exchangers and static mixers in various engineering applications.

Effect of the Granularity of Heterogeneous Forest Cover on the Drag Coefficient

We investigated the effect of the granularity of heterogeneous forest cover on the momentum absorption by conducting a large-eddy simulation of the flow over a surface covered by square-shaped forest/non-forest patches ranging in size from 64 to 512 m. The modification of the drag coefficient by heterogeneity is analyzed using integral identity equations, which decompose the drag coefficient into contributions from the momentum fluxes, pressure, and forest form drag. From a macroscopic viewpoint, the drag coefficient significantly differs in each case, and its tendency is not monotonic with the granularity. The identity equation shows that the effect of the vertical momentum flux becomes persistent on the non-forest area with an increase in patch size, with the spatial development altering the drag contribution, assigning increasing importance to the forest area. The drag coefficient defined from a local viewpoint shows a strong overshoot at the front edge of the forest patch, with a sudden decrease away from the front edge. A distance of almost 10 forest heights is required to arrive at a nearly homogeneous condition. However, spatial development is still obvious in the mean advection and pressure deviation terms with spanwise heterogeneity inducing an overshoot of the drag coefficient by enhancing the secondary flow. As such, the effect of the edge remains in a transitional manner, even if a locally homogeneous region is observed in the downstream and at the centre of patches.

Why decentralize decision making? English local actors' viewpoints

Decentralized decision making has created restructuring from larger to smaller administrative units, but in many places, strays little from existing arrangements. Moves toward decentralization from central government to city‐regions, and in some areas, below city‐region scale to neighborhoods, reflect a mandate for reform. What is the nature and extent of desired reforms? Using an institutionalist lens, homogeneity and heterogeneity in local narratives about possible future reform can be surfaced. This article emphasizes the importance of understanding the role of local actors' narratives in shaping decentralized institutions. This article uses the findings from a Q‐methodology study to identify and interrogate distinctive local viewpoints on attempts to decentralize decision making in England. In a systematic empirical analysis, local actors' narratives were largely in favor of relatively minor modifications to the status quo. The findings question a conflation of decentralization with participation in decision making.

The Shift of the Valuation and Management Model in Japanese Protected Townscapes from a Tourism Point of View to a Local Community and Environment Point of View: Case Studies of Uchiko (1978-82), Kurayoshi (1998) and Ine (2004-05)

The Shift of the Valuation and Management Model in Japanese Protected Townscapes from a Tourism Point of View to a Local Community and Environment Point of View: Case Studies of Uchiko (1978-82), Kurayoshi (1998) and Ine (2004-05)