Local Version Research Articles

Exploring Stakeholder Perspectives on the Implementation of WHO iSupport for Dementia Program: A Qualitative Study.

To explore the stakeholders' perspectives and develop a conceptual framework for promotion strategies to implement the iSupport-based intervention for family caregivers of people with dementia. A descriptive qualitative design was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 49 stakeholders of people with dementia from July to December 2023. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was applied to guide the development of the interview guide, data collection and analysis. Directed content analysis was employed to identify facilitators and barriers, with data analysed based on the framework and the established its codebook. These findings were then summarised into a conceptual framework of critical components. The identified 16 barriers and 28 facilitators were distributed across all Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains. All facilitators and barriers were integrated into a conceptual framework guiding the implementation of iSupport. This four-tier, eight-component conceptual framework guides the global promotion of the web-based dementia care model, covering state, society, hospitals, individuals and strategies. The components included comprehensive and balanced national medical guidelines, a friendly social culture, adequate hospital collaboration, cooperative healthcare workers, responsible family caregivers, a comprehensive intervention system, appropriate learning content and digital health support. The 'iSupport for Dementia' program is seen positively for its potential to improve dementia care by providing mental and technical support to family caregivers. Successful implementation requires addressing barriers, enhancing facilitators and adapting to China's conditions and policies. Mobilising local healthcare resources and gaining stakeholder recognition is crucial. This approach may help develop a localised version of iSupport that suits the needs and habits of Chinese family caregivers, with the potential for broader dissemination. The 'iSupport for Dementia' program could greatly improve dementia care in China by addressing barriers and utilising facilitators. This study offers critical insights for future policy development and effective implementation strategies. Adherence to the COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative research was maintained. No patient or public contribution.

List-Based Threshold Accepting Algorithm with Improved Neighbor Operator for 0–1 Knapsack Problem

The list-based threshold accepting (LBTA) algorithm is a sophisticated local search method that utilizes a threshold list to streamline the parameter tuning process in the traditional threshold accepting (TA) algorithm. This paper proposes an enhanced local search version of the LBTA algorithm specifically tailored for solving the 0–1 knapsack problem (0–1 KP). To maintain a dynamic threshold list, a feasible threshold updating strategy is designed to accept adaptive modifications during the search process. In addition, the algorithm incorporates an improved bit-flip operator designed to generate a neighboring solution with a controlled level of disturbance, thereby fostering exploration within the solution space. Each trial solution produced by this operator undergoes a repair phase using a hybrid greedy repair operator that incorporates both density-based and value-based add operator to facilitate optimization. The LBTA algorithm’s performance was evaluated against several state-of-the-art metaheuristic approaches on a series of large-scale instances. The simulation results demonstrate that the LBTA algorithm outperforms or is competitive with other leading metaheuristics in the field.

Unshackling from Shadows of the Anisminic Orthodoxy: Reconceptualising Approaches to Ouster Clauses in Hong Kong

Abstract Ouster clauses have perennially borne the mantle of a ‘litigation minefield’, where clashes between legislative and judicial powers unfold in open fora. Recent jurisprudential advancements in the United Kingdom and Singapore demonstrate how judicial approaches to ouster clauses can evolve in the face of constitutional developments. Hong Kong has, however, remained muted while these jurisprudential advancements bear fruit in other parts of the common law world, notwithstanding the fact that its constitutional framework, umpired by the Basic Law, has been in existence for over twenty-five years. This article argues for the need to reconceptualise approaches to ouster clauses in Hong Kong, grounded firmly in its post-1997 constitutional framework. Drawing on comparative jurisprudence, it presents a spectrum of approaches, animated by the dynamic interplay between various ‘macrocontextual’ and ‘microcontextual’ factors, ranging from a localised version of Anisminic, remedial interpretation, and invalidation of ouster clauses on the grounds that they impermissibly affront the constitutional right of access to courts, allocation of judicial power, and constitutional supremacy.

Localizing Human Rights: Modeling Human Rights Cities

In recent years, increasing numbers of cities have begun addressing global threats to human rights. By cultivating a local version of citizenship (city-zenship), cities foster a collective ethos shaped around universal principles of freedom, equality, and dignity, declaring themselves human rights cities. However, despite its varied manifestations, this label remains broad, accommodating a range of interpretations. This study distinguishes between two primary models, which I conceptualize as thin and thick human rights cities, and two nested sub-models. The models encompass the efforts of city-zens and local political actors to assimilate the human rights ethos within the city through both declarative and practical approaches. Subsequently, the typology is applied to characterize the South Korean city of Gwangju, renowned as a pioneering human rights city. Drawing on documents and interviews conducted in the city, I illustrate how the specific mechanisms via which a city engages with human rights can be classified into a model, facilitating comparison with other cities.

Portals of Ani churches of the late 10th – early 11th centuries: Springing of a new typology

Portals representing iconic elements of the three-dimensional composition of the medieval churches have particularly expressive forms in the architecture of Ani. The article reveals the features of the portals of two types, successively developed by the architect Trdat for the majestic cathedrals of the Armenian capital of the late 10th – early 11th centuries. Drawing ideas from the samples of different traditions, including the ancient Greco-Roman one, new types were created, such as a perspective portal and a local medieval version of the Hellenistic portal.

Feeling at home: Bildung and the clash between nostalgic and universal values: singing together in a plural world

Abstract The paper explores the tensions of belonging by focusing on the clash between nostalgic and universal values. Because of the inherent tension that they share, the concepts of Bildung and nostalgia provide an opening for understanding human belonging as ranging between nostalgic rootedness and the search for universality. Johann Gottfried Herder’s and Nikolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig’s theories of Bildung, exemplify this clash between nostalgic and universal values. Wilhelm von Humboldt’s thinking offers a theory of Bildung that transcends nostalgic values and points to the world as a place of belonging. In this paper I problematize feelings of nostalgia, such as a sense of national belonging, by demonstrating how they might turn into educational values that exclude individuals who do not share the same idea of home and sense of belonging. I employ Agnes Heller’s term ‘value- orientational categories’ to understand how feelings might transform into values. I question and discuss nostalgia’s potential to uphold diversity, given human longing for local versions of home with different languages, cultures, and customs. I then suggest that embracing nostalgia in an educational context can provide a foundation for fostering universal values such as diversity, openness, and flexibility among citizens. Barbara Cassin’s vision of the ‘world freed from belonging’ and her idea of ‘airborne roots’ contribute to this discussion.

Conditional Values in Quantum Mechanics.

We consider the local value of an operator for a given position or momentum and, more generally on the value of another arbitrary observable. We develop a general approach that is based on breaking up Aψ(x) as Aψ(x)ψ(x)=Aψ(x)ψ(x)R+iAψ(x)ψ(x)I where A is the operator whose local value we seek and ψ(x) is the position wave function. We show that the real part is related to the conditional value for a given position and the imaginary part is related to the standard deviation of the conditional value. We show that the uncertainty of an operator can be expressed in two parts that depend on the real and imaginary parts. In the case of the position representation, the expression for the uncertainty of an operator shows that there are two fundamental contributions, one due to the amplitude of the wave function and the other due to the phase. We obtain the equation of motion for the conditional values, and in particular, we generalize the Ehrenfest theorem by deriving a local version of the theorem. We give a number of examples, including the local value of momentum, kinetic energy, and Hamiltonian. We also discuss other approaches for obtaining a conditional value in quantum mechanics including using quasi-probability distributions and the characteristic function approach, among others.

External Cephalic Version: A Retrospective Chart Review at a Canadian Tertiary Care Centre

ObjectivesThe primary objective is to identify our local external cephalic version (ECV) success rate, variables associated with increased likelihood of success, and complication rates. The secondary objective is to allow obstetrical care providers to accurately counsel patients undergoing a trial of ECV. MethodsWe analysed patient charts between January 2018 and December 2022 who underwent ECV. Variables included maternal age, parity, gestational age at the time of ECV attempt, breech type, anesthetic, uterine relaxant, placental location, neonatal birthweight, and provider seniority. Outcomes were ECV success, mode of delivery, emergent cesarean delivery rate due to ECV, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Appropriate statistical analysis was performed. ResultsOverall, 258 patients were included. Overall success rate was 31%. Multiparity, transverse presentation, and neonatal birthweight >3.3 kg were associated with significantly increased success rates. Uterine relaxant use was associated with a lower success rate than no relaxant use, which is potentially explained by significantly more frequent relaxant use in non-transverse presentations and a non-significant trend in increased relaxant use in primiparous patients. Other factors including anesthetic use, maternal age, gestational age, placental location, and provider seniority did not significantly impact success. The emergency cesarean delivery rate was 10% and the neonatal intensive care unit admission rate was 8%, both of which were higher than anticipated. ConclusionsECV remains an option for the management of the term breech. Obstetrical providers at our centre and in others may use this study to more accurately counsel patients using local data and optimize the likelihood of success based on patient and peri-procedural factors.

The linguistic and construct validity of the Malay version of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-My): Evidence from a sample of Malaysian parents of children with leukemia or lymphoma.

Parents of children with hematological cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma need to cope with stress related to their child's diagnosis. The Coping Self-Efficacy Scale is a widely used and validated tool to measure an individual's confidence in dealing with stressful situations. Appropriate translation and validation are needed to produce a localized language version suitable for Malaysian contexts. The study aimed to examine the linguistic and construct validity of the Malay version of the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-My) among parents of children with hematological cancer. The CSES-My was created through a sequential series of steps, starting with the translation of the original English version, followed by cultural adaptation, and then cognitive interviewing. The 26-item CSES-My was self-administered in a sample of parents of children with leukemia and lymphoma from October 2021 until February 2022. They were recruited via online or face-to-face methods. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the construct validity of the CSES-My. A total of 165 complete responses were analyzed. The scale has two factors, including Personal Coping and Social Coping, accounting for 58.3% of the variance. Personal Coping (19 items, Cronbach's alpha = 0.958) represented the respondents' self-efficacy for independently executing coping strategies, whether through solving problems or changing the way they think about the situation. Social Coping (6 items, Cronbach's alpha = 0.867) represented their confidence in executing coping strategies, which involved using social resources such as seeking external support, distraction, and avoiding loneliness. The CSES-My had reliable and valid psychometric properties, providing evidence for its utility in evaluating coping self-efficacy among parents of children with leukemia or lymphoma in Malaysia. The CSES-My is a valuable tool for nurses and other healthcare professionals investigating coping self-efficacy in Malay-speaking populations, and it may also aid in the development of future coping interventions.

Democratizing cheminformatics: interpretable chemical grouping using an automated KNIME workflow

With the increased availability of chemical data in public databases, innovative techniques and algorithms have emerged for the analysis, exploration, visualization, and extraction of information from these data. One such technique is chemical grouping, where chemicals with common characteristics are categorized into distinct groups based on physicochemical properties, use, biological activity, or a combination. However, existing tools for chemical grouping often require specialized programming skills or the use of commercial software packages. To address these challenges, we developed a user-friendly chemical grouping workflow implemented in KNIME, a free, open-source, low/no-code, data analytics platform. The workflow serves as an all-encompassing tool, expertly incorporating a range of processes such as molecular descriptor calculation, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, hyperparameter search, and supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods, enabling effective chemical grouping and visualization of results. Furthermore, we implemented tools for interpretation, identifying key molecular descriptors for the chemical groups, and using natural language summaries to clarify the rationale behind these groupings. The workflow was designed to run seamlessly in both the KNIME local desktop version and KNIME Server WebPortal as a web application. It incorporates interactive interfaces and guides to assist users in a step-by-step manner. We demonstrate the utility of this workflow through a case study using an eye irritation and corrosion dataset.Scientific contributionsThis work presents a novel, comprehensive chemical grouping workflow in KNIME, enhancing accessibility by integrating a user-friendly graphical interface that eliminates the need for extensive programming skills. This workflow uniquely combines several features such as automated molecular descriptor calculation, feature selection, dimensionality reduction, and machine learning algorithms (both supervised and unsupervised), with hyperparameter optimization to refine chemical grouping accuracy. Moreover, we have introduced an innovative interpretative step and natural language summaries to elucidate the underlying reasons for chemical groupings, significantly advancing the usability of the tool and interpretability of the results.

Penerapan Model Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression dengan Fungsi Pembobot Adaptive Gaussian Kernel pada Data Kemiskinan

Regression analysis is one statistical method used to determine the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. Dependent variables that are categorical are analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression (GWLR) is a method that is a local version of logistic regression, where location factors are considered. This method assumes that the dependent variable data are distributed binomially. In this study, the GWLR method is used to determine the factors influencing the poverty percentage in West Java Province in 2022 using an adaptive Gaussian kernel weighting function. The variables used are per capita expenditure, average length of schooling, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita, and population density. The results of this study indicate that the variables of per capita expenditure, Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) per capita, and population density significantly influence the poverty percentage in West Java Province in 2022.

On norm derivatives and the ball-covering property of Banach spaces

We study a local version of the ball-covering problem in Banach spaces, and obtain a complete solution to it in terms of the norm derivatives. We illustrate the advantage of the local approach by obtaining substantial refinements of several previously known results on this topic.

Enhancing bivariate spatial association analysis of network-constrained geographical flows: An incremental scale-based method

Measuring bivariate spatial association plays a key role in understanding the spatial relationships between two types of geographical flow (hereafter referred to as “flow”). However, existing studies usually use multiple scales to analyze bivariate associations of flows, leading to the results at larger scales can be strongly affected by the results at smaller scales. Moreover, the planar space assumption of most existing studies is unsuitable for network-constrained flows. To solve these problems, a network incremental flow cross K-function (NIFK) is developed in this study by extending the cross K-function for points into a flow context. Specifically, two versions of NIFK were developed in this study: the global version to check whether bivariate associations exist in the whole study area and the local version to identify specific locations where associations occur. Experiments on three simulated datasets demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over an available alternative method. A case study conducted using Xiamen taxi and ride-hailing service datasets demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed method. The detected bivariate spatial association provides deep insights for understanding the competition between taxi services and ride-hailing services.

Scaling laws and exact results in turbulence *

In this note, we address the validity of certain exact results from turbulence theory in the deterministic setting. The main tools, inspired by the work of Duchon and Robert (2000 Nonlinearity 13 249–55) and Eyink (2003 Nonlinearity 16 137), are a number of energy balance identities for weak solutions of the incompressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. As a consequence, we show that certain weak solutions of the Euler and Navier–Stokes equations satisfy deterministic versions of Kolmogorov’s 45 , 43 , 415 laws. We apply these computations to improve a recent result of Hofmanova et al (2023 arXiv:2304.14470), which shows that a construction of solutions of forced Navier–Stokes due to Bruè et al (2023 Commun. Pure Appl. Anal.) and exhibiting a form of anomalous dissipation satisfies asymptotic versions of Kolmogorov’s laws. In addition, we show that the globally dissipative 3D Euler flows recently constructed by Giri et al (2023 arXiv:2305.18509) satisfy the local versions of Kolmogorov’s laws.

Local version of Vizing's theorem for multigraphs

AbstractExtending a result of Christiansen, we prove that every multigraph admits a proper edge colouring which is local, that is, for every edge with end‐points , where (resp. ) denotes the degree of a vertex (resp. the maximum edge multiplicity at ). This is derived from a local version of the Fan Equation.

The acquisition of foreign science and technology literature resources in specialized libraries amidst the challenges posed by science and technology blockade

Confronted with significant challenges in procuring foreign scientific and technological literature resources due to a global science and technology blockade, professional libraries are facing severe limitations imposed by the United States on China. These export control measures have severely hampered domestic scientific research institutions and universities from accessing foreign scientific and technological documents, thereby impeding China's progress in the field of scientific and technological innovation. To effectively address this predicament and enhance the ability to secure resources of foreign language scientific and technological literature, professional libraries should focus on the following five aspects: Firstly, diversify funding sources while expanding channels for procuring foreign periodicals; Secondly, increase procurement of English-language scientific and technological literature from non-American countries while organizing and categorizing these materials; Thirdly, strengthen access to non-English language scientific journals; Fourthly, promote collaborative construction and sharing of scientific and technological documents; Fifthly, develop localized versions of foreign digital resources. Ultimately, it is emphasized that bolstering one's own capabilities is key to overcoming barriers in accessing scientific and technological literature. Therefore, China should prioritize national-level development of digital academic platforms.

The Simplicial Coalgebra of Chains Under Three Different Notions of Weak Equivalence

Abstract We study the simplicial coalgebra of chains on a simplicial set with respect to three notions of weak equivalence. To this end, we construct three model structures on the category of reduced simplicial sets for any commutative ring $R$. The weak equivalences are given by: (1) an $R$-linearized version of categorical equivalences, (2) maps inducing an isomorphism on fundamental groups and an $R$-homology equivalence between universal covers, and (3) $R$-homology equivalences. Analogously, for any field ${\mathbb{F}}$, we construct three model structures on the category of connected simplicial cocommutative ${\mathbb{F}}$-coalgebras. The weak equivalences in this context are (1′) maps inducing a quasi-isomorphism of dg algebras after applying the cobar functor, (2′) maps inducing a quasi-isomorphism of dg algebras after applying a localized version of the cobar functor, and (3′) quasi-isomorphisms. Building on a previous work of Goerss in the context of (3)–(3′), we prove that, when ${\mathbb{F}}$ is algebraically closed, the simplicial ${\mathbb{F}}$-coalgebra of chains defines a homotopically full and faithful left Quillen functor for each one of these pairs of model categories. More generally, when ${\mathbb{F}}$ is a perfect field, we compare the three pairs of model categories in terms of suitable notions of homotopy fixed points with respect to the absolute Galois group of ${\mathbb{F}}$.

Passive House-based energy efficiency design criteria: a case study of a residential building in Cairo

PurposeThe study aims to tackle Egypt's rising electricity consumption due to climate change and population growth, focusing on the building sector, which accounts for up to 60% of the issue, by developing new energy-efficient design guidelines for Egyptian buildings.Design/methodology/approachThis study comprises six key steps. A literature review focuses on energy consumption and efficiency in buildings, monitoring a single-family building in Cairo, using Energy Plus for simulation and verification, performing multi-objective optimization, comparing energy performance between base and controlled cases, and developing a localized version of the Passive House (PH) called Energy Efficiency Design Criteria (EEDC).FindingsThe research shows that applying the (EEDC) suggested by this study can decrease energy consumption by up to 58% and decrease cooling consumption by up to 63% in residential buildings in Egypt while providing thermal comfort and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This can benefit users, alleviate local power grid strain, contribute to Egypt's economy, and serve as a model for other countries with similar climates.Originality/valueTo date, no studies have focused on developing energy-efficient design standards tailored to the Egyptian climate and context using the Passive House Criteria concept. This study contributes to the field by identifying key principles, design details, and goal requirements needed to promote energy-efficient design standards for residential buildings in Egypt.

Localization and resummation of unstable instantons in 2d Yang-Mills

We compute the exact all-orders perturbative expansion for the partition function of 2d SU(2) Yang-Mills theory on closed surfaces around higher critical points of the classical action. We demonstrate that the expansion can be derived from the lattice partition function for all genera using a distributional generalization of the Poisson summation formula. We then recompute the expansion directly, using a stationary phase version of supersymmetric localization. The result of localization is a novel effective action which is itself a distribution rather than a function of the supersymmetric moduli. We comment on possible applications to A-twisted models and their analogs in higher dimensions.

A local approach to stability groups

In this short note we prove a local version of Philip Hall’s theorem on the nilpotency of the stability group of a chain of subgroups by only using elementary commutator calculus (Hall’s theorem is a direct consequence of our result). This provides a new way of dealing with stability groups.