Local State Administrations Research Articles

Organisational Nationalisation - Seizing Control of an Organisation without Transfers of Property Rights on the Example of Housing Cooperatives in People's Poland

In all Central and Eastern European countries during the period of the establishment of state socialism after World War II, nationalisation involving the state taking over ownership of certain categories of property in order to build an economic system in line with the new ideological principles took place. In Poland, large land estates, enterprises belonging to basic branches of the economy, or all real estate in the city of Warsaw were nationalised. The nationalisation of housing cooperatives contradicted the official declarations of the People's Poland authorities, who promised to support cooperative movement. However, a number of legal regulations were introduced with the help of which the People's Poland authorities took control over housing cooperatives in order to, at first, practically force them out of operation and, later, instrumentally use them to implement the state's housing policy. Centralisation of cooperative movement and hierarchical subordination of cooperatives to state-controlled associations were carried out. The economic activities of the housing cooperatives were subordinated to the principles of a centrally planned economy. The possibility of creating new cooperatives was restricted, and the authorities reserved the right to liquidate existing ones. The order in which cooperatives allocated housing to their members was superimposed. Later, cooperatives were forcibly merged, and the area in which they could operate was restricted. Cooperative self-government was partly transformed into local state administration. In the case of housing cooperatives in People's Poland we cannot speak of proper nationalisation because there were no transfers of ownership. However, all other effects of nationalisation took place, but were achieved by other means. Such measures can be described as organisational nationalisation, which was also carried out in other spheres in People's Poland.

PROBLEMS AND SPHERES OF ACTIVITY OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES IN THE REGIONS OF UKRAINE LIBERATED FROM RUSSIAN OCCUPATION

The article examines the legal, organisational, security, socio-economic, humanitarian, cultural, international and other aspects of the formation and operation of local self-government bodies (LSGs) in the territories of certain regions of Ukraine liberated from Russian occupation, in the period from spring 2022 to summer 2024, that is, from the time of the full-scale invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine until now. Initiatives and areas of activity of territorial communities and city, village and village councils are studied. The conditions for resuming the activities of local government, guaranteeing the safety of the population, countering repeated attacks by Russian interventionists and demining territories, establishing energy and gas supply, providing citizens with housing and all the necessary services of the communal sphere have been studied. Issues of financial and humanitarian assistance, participation of local self-government bodies in seeking support from foreign partners, involvement in various forms and programs of foreign cooperation are considered. Therefore, the main objective of the article is to analyse the functioning, challenges, and roles of local self-government bodies in Ukraine under the conditions of military occupation and liberation. It emphasises the importance of maintaining local governance to ensure effective administration, provision of public services, and recovery in the war-affected regions. In addition, the article addresses legal and institutional frameworks affecting the balance of power between local authorities and state administrations during martial law. The article uses a methodological approach that integrates legal analysis, the study of administrative practices, and case studies focused on Ukrainian regions operating under martial law.

Administrative and legal status of military administrations as public administration entities

In the scientific article, the authors conducted a scientific study of the administrative and legal status of military administrations as subjects of public administration. The scientific article indicates the approaches to understanding the administrative and legal status of military administrations that have developed in the administrative and legal doctrine. According to the first approach, the military administration is identified with the relevant local executive body, on the basis of which it is created, however, its administrative and legal status changes, in particular, changes occur in the procedure for appointing the head of such an administration, the formation of its composition, in subordination, and there is also a significant expansion of the powers of such a state authority through the granting of its powers to ensure the measures of the legal regime of martial law. The second approach to understanding the administrative and legal status of the military administration involves considering it as a separate system of local public administration bodies alongside such systems as the system of local executive bodies and the system of local self-government bodies; military administrations have both specific powers to introduce measures of the legal regime of martial law, and the powers of those local bodies of public administration to replace which it is created - regional and district military administrations, as a rule, perform the duties of local state administrations, and military administrations of settlements - also the duties of local self-government bodies of the relevant territorial communities. The author team determines that the features of the administrative and legal status of military administrations are: the creation and liquidation of such bodies by the President of Ukraine upon the proposal of the relevant regional state administrations; the involvement of not only employees, but also persons undergoing military and law enforcement public service in their composition; financing depending on what powers are exercised - in accordance with the funds of the state and local budgets; duality in subordination - regarding the performance of functions of a defensive nature, subordination is carried out to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, on other issues - to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the relevant higher-level military administration.

Порівняльно-правовий аналіз щодо особливостей державного контролю над діяльністю місцевого самоврядування в Україні та Польщі

Abstract. Within the framework of European integration, the institution of control over the activities of local self-government bodies in Ukraine is gaining relevance. This is a fairly new institution that has not been fully regulated at the level of national legislation. The Law of Ukraine ‘On Local Self-Government’ contains only one provision that mentions that state control over local self-government bodies is carried out on the basis of the law. Thus, this article is devoted to the study of control over the decisions of local self-government bodies, which is inextricably linked to the decentralisation process. Thus, this article is devoted to the study of control over the decisions of local self-government bodies, which is inextricably linked to decentralisation, and to a comparative legal analysis of the State's control over the activities of local self-government in Ukraine and Poland. The author emphasises the importance of legal regulation of state control over the activities of local self-government in Ukraine. Having analysed the legislative activity of reforming this institution, one can observe a number of shortcomings that may affect the legality in general and the quality of work of local self-government bodies. At this stage, a number of draft laws are still being considered in the second reading by the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and are expected to be adopted soon. Today, the reform of local self-government in the context of the national legislation of Ukraine involves the adoption of new laws, the development of new draft laws and amendments to certain other legislative acts of Ukraine regulating the activities of local self-government bodies. The Law of Ukraine ‘On International Territorial Cooperation of Ukraine’ was recently adopted, which will regulate international territorial cooperation between regions and territories of Ukraine and other countries. Starting from 14 August 2024, each local council is obliged to record, store and publish videos of its plenary sessions and meetings of its standing committees. These innovations have been introduced because the Law ‘On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Local Self-Government in Ukraine” on Ensuring Transparency of Local Self-Government’ has come into force. On 24 May 2024, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine registered in the second reading the Law of Ukraine ‘On Amendments to the Law and Other Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Development of Democracy at the Local Self-Government Level’, which is still awaiting the signature of the President of Ukraine as well as one of the most important draft laws, which is currently at the second reading stage, the Law of Ukraine ‘On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Local State Administrations” and Some Other Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Reforming the Territorial Organisation of Executive Power in Ukraine’. Keywords: local self-government; voivode; prefect; local state administrations; decentralisation; public authority.

Development of administrative appeal under the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure»

The article is devoted to highlighting certain issues of the administrative appeal institution in connection with the adoption and entry into force of the Law of Ukraine «On Administrative Procedure» (LAP). The article lists the main novelties of the LAP in terms of administrative appeal for Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the purpose of establishing new collegial bodies under administrative bodies - commissions for review of complaints with possible involvement of representatives of civil society institutions. This novelty is a key tool for increasing the objectivity of the complaint review mechanism and overcoming departmental bias. The LAP also introduces other provisions that should encourage administrative rather than judicial appeals: including the provision on automatic suspension of the appealed administrative act and others. This is important for Ukraine, as our legislation currently allows a person to go straight to court, unlike in the EU, where pre-trial appeal is usually a mandatory step before a judicial appeal of an administrative act. Finally, such commissions for reviewing complaints with the involvement of the public can be especially useful in systems where the percentage of satisfied complaints is extremely low compared to the percentage of claims satisfied by the courts (e. g., in the tax area), as well as for those bodies that do not have higherlevel bodies (in Ukraine, this is primarily in local self-government). All of this is ultimately aimed at restoring confidence in the administrative appeal mechanism and its wider use, as opposed to judicial protection. The article also reveals certain peculiarities of administrative appeal in executive authorities and local self-government bodies. The author emphasizes the need to distinguish between the elements of administrative political control, which is manifested in the existence of the power to cancel decisions of some bodies by other bodies, and administrative appeal itself as a guaranteed legal means of protecting violated rights. At present, this distinction is a difficult issue, as a number of bodies have the power to cancel acts/decisions of other bodies (e.g., a local council — acts of executive bodies of this local council; the Cabinet of Ministers — acts of ministries and other central executive bodies; the President — decisions of heads of local state administrations). Therefore, additional theoretical developments, criteria, and regulatory changes are needed to provide legal certainty as to when and to which entity the relevant administrative acts may be appealed. Further research into the issue of «subject matter competence» is important in this regard. The LAP encourages the use of administrative appeal as an effective tool that allows the administration to effectively correct mistakes and individuals to quickly protect their rights. All the advantages of this mechanism should be taken into account and measures should be taken to develop it. Key words: administrative procedure, administrative appeal, complaint commissions, substantive competence.

Features of the types of control on the performance of electronic procedures in the activities of public administration entities

The scientific article highlights the essence of the types of control over the implementation of electronic procedures in the activities of public administration bodies, namely: parliamentary control; from the representative of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on human rights; from the central bodies of executive power. The author substantiates the expediency of improving the legal regulation of the procedure for holding a preliminary meeting before the trial of the case. In particular, it is considered expedient to establish the terms of holding a preparatory meeting from the moment of receipt of an administrative claim, as well as to determine the cases when reconciliation of the parties is not allowed. It was established that the control carried out by local executive bodies has a much smaller scope, but is the closest to the controlled objects. The control powers of the said bodies within the scope of control over the provision of electronic services are enshrined in the Law of Ukraine «On Local State Administrations» (Clause 9 of Article 16). Part 1 of Article 28 of this law stipulates that in order to exercise the powers granted, local state administrations have the right, in particular, to conduct inspections of the state of compliance with the Constitution of Ukraine and the laws of Ukraine, other legislative acts by local self­government bodies. It was concluded that regional state administrations, within the limits of their powers, direct the activities of district state administrations and exercise control over their activities. Local state administrations control the implementation of the powers granted by law to the executive bodies of village, settlement and city councils by their executive bodies and village, settlement and city heads. It has been established that control over the exercise of delegated powers of executive bodies by local self-government bodies is entrusted to the relevant local state administrations, and in cases provided for by law, to ministries and other central bodies of executive power, their territorial bodies. Control is carried out by analyzing acts of local self-government bodies, providing local self-government bodies with information on the implementation of delegated powers of executive bodies, conducting inspections of the activities of executive bodies of village, settlement, and city councils. In addition, local executive bodies can create structural subdivisions to perform control functions.

NATIONAL LEGISLATION GOVERNING ACCESSIBILITY TO DRIVING VEHICLES FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

The analysis of normative legal acts and normative documents in the field of ensuring and implementing the rights and guarantees of persons with disabilities was carried out. Areas of improvement of domestic legislation regulat-ing the issue of accessibility to driving vehicles for persons with disabilities have been determined. National legal acts and normative documents related to the mentioned sphere can be divided hierarchically and by types as follows: Constitution of Ukraine; international treaties of Ukraine (conventions, multilateral and bilateral agreements, protocols); codes of Ukraine; laws of Ukraine; acts of the President of Ukraine (decrees); acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (resolutions, orders); acts of ministries and other central executive bodies (orders); acts of local state admin-istrations and local self-government bodies (orders, orders, decisions); normative documents (international, regional and national standards). The formation and implementation of state policy regarding persons with disabilities, including in the part related to the issue of their accessibility to driving vehicles, is carried out on the basis of the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine; Con-vention on the rights of persons with disabilities; laws of Ukraine, in particular “On the basics of social protection of the disabled in Ukraine”, “On the rehabilitation of the disabled in Ukraine”, “On social services”; National strategy for creat-ing a barrier-free space in Ukraine for the period until 2030, approved by the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of April 14, 2021 No. 366-р; Action plan for 2023-2024 for the implementation of the National Strategy for the creation of a barrier-free space in Ukraine for the period until 2030, approved by the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of April 25, 2023 No. 372-р; and other legal acts. Keywords: barrier-free, accessibility, legislation, driving a vehicle, a person with a disability.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF LOCAL EXECUTIVE GOVERNMENT AUTHORITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF DECENTRALIZATION POLICY

One of the components of the decentralization policy is the reform of the system of local executive authorities. The Road map of decentralization envisages the adoption, after the lifting of martial law, of the relevant amendments to the Constitution and the adoption of the law on prefects. The purpose of the research is to clarify the "path dependence" that was formed in the matter of the reorganization of local executive authorities, and at the same time to articulate problems that were not solved earlier and will need to be solved when developing new draft laws. The examination of draft amendments to the Constitution in 2015-2021 and the discussions surrounding them show that the integral elements of the "path dependence" of reforming local executive bodies in the context of decentralization reform have become the ideas of: significant limitation of the system of delegated powers; liquidation of local state administrations with simultaneous restoration of executive committees of regional and district councils; introduction of prefecture-type management structures; limiting the system of prefects' control over local self-government authorities by controlling the legality of the latter's activities; limiting the measures of such control by suspending the acts of local self-government authorities that do not comply with the Constitution and laws, with a simultaneous appeal to the court; limiting the term of office of prefects in order to prevent "corrupt growth" with local elites. Close to consensus is the situation regarding the status of prefects as civil servants. But some other provisions cause sharp contradictions. This is a question about the subject of the appointment of prefects, vertical subordination, etc. There are also contradictions in the choice of legality control models. Part of the contradictions is based on different interpretations of the ratio of such types of political-management relations as interaction, control, subordination, etc. In addition, despite the determination regarding the impossibility of constitutionally enshrining changes in the territorial organization of power during the period of martial law, this factor can hold back the transformation. In preparation for the introduction of prefecture-type authorities, the government declares its intention without amending the Constitution, that is, without canceling the system of delegated powers, to amend the Law On local state administrations, giving the latter powers of control and supervision over the legality of the activities of local self-governance and creating a vertical of control authorities. But the parliamentary Main Legal Department believes that this cannot be done without changes to the Constitution. Moreover, it is currently unclear how this process correlates with the creation of the administrative justice system.

IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULATORY AND LEGAL MECHANISM FOR THE TRAINING OF PUBLIC SERVANTS FOR PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

The article examines the problem of improving the regulatory and legal mechanism of training public servants for professional activity; the relevant norms of the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Service" [13], the new Law of Ukraine "On Service in Local Self-Government Bodies" [19], the Concept of reforming the professional training system of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and deputies, officials were analyzed of local self-government and deputies of local councils [20], Regulations on the system of professional training of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and deputies, officials of local self-government and deputies of local councils [16], Procedure for admission to study under the educational and professional program of master's training in the specialty "Public administration and administration" field of knowledge "Public management and administration", approved by the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated July 29, 2009 (with subsequent changes) [17], Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated April 28, 2021 No. 446 "Some issues of obtaining education and professional training of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and deputies, officials of local self-government and deputies of local councils" [4] and others. normative legal acts; it is shown that the proper implementation of the tasks provided for by law regarding the professional training of public servants will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the state policy regarding the professional training of public servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and deputies, officials of local self-government, deputies of local councils and will make it possible to create a modern, integrated, mobile and a flexible system of their professional training.

Legal regulation of labor relations in the field of labor protection supervision and control

In the field of labor law, the legal regulation of labor relations in the field of labor protection is investigated, the corresponding measures of supervision and control are characterized, which, in addition to measures for violations of the requirements of labor protection legislation, provide for measures for their prevention and prevention. It is emphasized that state management of labor protection is carried out by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the central body of executive power that implements state policy in the field of labor protection, ministries and other central bodies of executive power, the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, local state administrations and local self-government bodies. It is noted that the powers in the field of labor protection of associations, corporations, concerns and other associations are determined by their charters or agreements between the enterprises that formed the association. In order to perform the functions delegated by the association, labor protection services are created in their apparatuses. The theoretical provisions are substantiated and practical recommendations are developed for improving the legal regulation of labor relations in the field of labor protection based on analysis methods and a systemic approach to generalization for evaluating the effectiveness of state management mechanisms in the field of labor protection. In addition, general scientific and empirical methods and tools of the science of labor law, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, summary and grouping were used. It was concluded that legal regulation in the field of occupational health and safety is a multilevel and complex functional mechanism, which at all levels of executive power controls and coordinates compliance with occupational health and safety at enterprises, institutions, and organizations regardless of their ownership, types of activity, and branch affiliation. It is emphasized that the existing system of state supervision and control over labor protection in Ukraine needs to be improved and brought into compliance with European standards.

Тенденції децентралізації публічного управління: сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку

The article deals with the current state and prospects for developing decentralization in public administration by transferring managerial functions and central authorities’ powers to the local administration level. The article emphasizes that despite being tested by war, Ukrainian decentralization received an impeccable assessment from the European Commission, which preceded granting our country the candidate status for the European Union membership. The history of decentralization is analyzed, and successive stages are singled out. The stages mainly relate to the normative and legal regulation of this process: the first stage (2014– 2019), the second stage (2020–2021), and the third stage (2022 – present). The third stage of the local self-government reform seems to be the most difficult since it occurred during the martial law period. The hostilities only emphasized the effectiveness of the decentralization reform: local self-government bodies responded promptly to the situation, resolving issues of settling internally displaced persons, repairing housing for them, providing facilities and premises for evacuated enterprises, and organizing humanitarian headquarters. An essential task of the third stage is adopting the Law on Amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine (regarding decentralization of power), a prerequisite for continuing decentralization reforms and their completion. The article examines the achievements that are positively reflected in the activities of the united territorial communities due to the decentralization process in the following areas: budget, healthcare, security, international cooperation, culture, education, and service provision. At the same time, the factors complicating the decentralization process and leading to problems in the practical and proper functioning of local authorities are considered. Attention is drawn to the need to adopt important laws, including the Laws “On the principles of the administrative and territorial structure of Ukraine”, “On service in local selfgovernment bodies” (revised version), “On state supervision over the legality of decisions of local self-government bodies”, “On local referendum”, as well as updating laws on local selfgovernment, on local state administrations, etc.

The role of local self-government bodies and local state administrations in the development of cross-border cooperation in the field of healthcare

The article examines the role of local self­government bodies and local state administrations in the development of cross-border cooperation in the field of health care. It was determined that currently, the development of cross-border cooperation in the field of health care is particularly important for Ukraine with the member states of the European Union, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania in the conditions of existing challenges, external threats, and taking into account the European vector of Ukraine's development. It is necessary to overcome several legal and administrative obstacles that still exist today for the development of systemic cross-border cooperation in the field of health care. A significant role in the development of efficient and systematic cross-border cooperation in the field of health care belongs to local self­government bodies and local state administrations together with other participants of such cooperation aiming to provide citizens of Ukraine equal rights to access to quality medical care with citizens of the European Union. Such cooperation can develop through available Interreg programs 2021-2027, namely "Poland - Ukraine”, "Ukraine-Hungary- Slovakia-Romania”, and "Ukraine-Romania”. It has been established that local self-government bodies and local state administrations can ensure the development of cross-border cooperation in the field of health care through the respective powers granted to them. They can implement cross-border cooperation in the field of health care with relevant subjects and/or participants of such cooperation of neighboring states through the development and implementation of joint initiatives, measures, projects, programs and strategies, as well as to create the Euroregional Co-operation Groupings and European Grouping for Territorial Cooperation in order to develop an appropriate health care system for the population living in border regions.

National and foreign experience in determining the legal status of guardianship bodies

In the scientific article, the author conducted a scientific study of the peculiarities of the legal status of guardianship and guardianship bodies in Ukraine and other countries. On the basis of the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that guardianship and guardianship bodies are distinguished by various authorities - local bodies of state executive power and local self-government bodies, separate departments of these bodies, services for children, which function under local state administrations and local councils, and as well as advisory and advisory support bodies. At the same time, the scientific literature notes the inexpediency of such a wide list of guardianship and guardianship bodies and the need to empower these bodies only with services for children. In the family law doctrine, there is no unanimity regarding the definition of the powers of the guardianship and guardianship authorities, which relate to the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the child; they are contained in special legislation, which, however, does not fully correspond to each other and provides for the presence of a number of bodies that do not actually function or carry out activities formally, without having the appropriate competence (commissions for the protection of children's rights, departments of local state administrations), or at the same time function two bodies that are subordinate to each other (local state administrations and services for children). In the family law doctrine, there is no certainty in the issue of recognition of guardianship bodies and care by subjects of family relations; some scientists attribute them to the subjects of administrative-procedural relations or to the participants of legal relations of a complex nature, which are partly family, while others distinguish them as subjects of family relations. Analogues of guardianship and guardianship bodies in the states of the European Union and candidate states for EU membership are various types of bodies, including quasi-judicial ones, which perform both the functions of appointing, approving or dismissing a guardian, as well as supervising the observance of the rights of the child by its guardian (in France these functions are divided between the "family council” and the "guardianship judge”). Also, these bodies make decisions in family disputes regarding determining a child's surname, establishing his origin, his upbringing and maintenance.

Military Administrations as a Subject of Power

The operation of the state during a specific period is influenced by the establishment of specialized governing bodies or changes in the legal status of existing entities. This is precisely what military administrations are as special subjects of power, commencing their activities after the implementation of the legal regime of martial law and possessing extensive powers and rights. The relevance of the scientific research topic lies in the emergence of new legal relations, including the composition of subjects, requiring additional analysis. The imposition of the legal regime of martial law across the entire territory of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, was prompted by a full-scale military aggression against Ukraine. Consequently, a comprehensive change in the mechanisms of state functioning necessitates thorough and detailed study, encompassing both theoretical and practical aspects. The theoretical foundation for the research draws from the works of scholars such as V.Y. Bohdanovych, S.O. Kuznichenko, V.V. Dulger, V.Y. Shevchenko, Y. Yakovchuk, S.M. Melnyk, and others. The normative and legal basis encompasses the Constitution of Ukraine, Laws of Ukraine on the legal regime of martial law, on local state administrations, decrees of the President of Ukraine, and other legal acts. The article delves into the legislative concept of military administration, as well as the regulatory and legal aspects of their activities. Based on the research results, the author proposes the definition «military administration» and explores the classification of military administrations by subordination and administrative-territorial principles. The issue of appointing the heads of military administrations is examined in the context of verifying their competence and suitability for the position. Conclusions drawn from the elaborated scientific- theoretical and legal foundation shed light on the functioning of military administrations as special subjects of power, identifying shortcomings in their operation and suggesting possible solutions. This approach aims to eliminate legislative gaps and contribute to enhancing the defense capability of the state and elevating the level of functioning of its institutions.

Моделювання інноваційних програм розвитку комунікативної компетентности публічних службовців

The study highlights the issue of the development of the communicative competence of civil servants, heads of local state administrations, their first deputies and assistants, officials of local self-government, and local council deputies.
 The study focuses on the dynamics of advanced training programs offered for the continuous personal and professional development of persons authorized to perform the functions of the state and local self-government in the professional training system, the priority directions (topics) of which are: ways to improve the mastery level of the Ukrainian business language, communication and interaction, strategic communications, etc. The analysis is carried out on the case study materials of the Volyn Regional Center for Professional Development (formerly the Volyn Regional Center for Retraining and Professional Development of employees of state and local self-government bodies, state enterprises, institutions, and organizations). The author has considerable experience in cooperation with the Center from 2008 to 2023, in particular in the field of development and implementation of general and special short-term advanced professional training programs. Emphasis is laid on the need for more active implementation of distance learning technologies in the organization of the educational process, which is not limited to telecommunication. The study elucidates the specifics and content dominants of training programs for professional development in the context of the main aspects of language and communication activities of public servants at the beginning of the 21st century: work with documents (in particular, in the electronic document management system), the ability to conduct interpersonal and social dialogue (especially with the use of media), taking into account the principles of barrier-free communication, and the ability to speak in public.
 The study findings made it possible to design innovative programs/projects for the development of the communicative competence of public servants, which were developed following the principle of the practical orientation of training, taking into account military-political, social, and economic factors, as well as the individual needs of training participants (according to questionnaires), in particular, in conditions of martial law and post-war period.

Interaction of local self-government bodies and local executive bodies

It was determined that the interaction of local self-government bodies and local executive bodies is a legally regulated, coordinated and coordinated activity of participants in public-legal relations who perform tasks and functions in the public interest within a defined administrative-territorial unit.
 Peculiarities of the interaction of local self-government bodies and local executive bodies are: 1) their activities are united by common goals and involve the performance of normatively defined tasks; 2) the spheres of their administration are clearly defined in the laws of Ukraine “On local state administrations” and “On local self-government in Ukraine”, and the procedure is established by regulations; 3) public-legal relations arising in the process of interaction can be of different types (types): relations of coordination, subordination, reorientation; 4) can be both organizationally subordinated to each other and have independent rights and obligations; 5) control over the activities of subjects is carried out on a parity basis, i.e., the subject that delegated them controls the execution of delegated powers, and the one to whom such powers were delegated performs. Moreover, as noted above, local state administrations and local self-government bodies can delegate powers to each other; 6) regardless of the existence of different statuses of public authorities, the state and activity of one element are reflected in the state and activity of other elements related to it; 7) can be both between the subjects of interaction themselves, and between them and institutions of public society, that is, it is an agreed and coordinated activity of subjects of public administration both among themselves and with public organizations regarding the performance of joint tasks.
 The interaction of local self-government bodies and local executive bodies is carried out in the following forms: 1. Appeal – a form of interaction in which local executive bodies and local self- government bodies can request and receive the necessary information both among themselves and, after preparing a joint appeal, apply to another body state power. 2. Assignment - a form of external interaction, in which the subject, endowed with the appropriate powers, gives instructions on the preparation of documents and the implementation of a system of measures to perform tasks in a certain area. 3. Recommendations - a form of interaction in which wishes, advice, instructions are expressed to organize and carry out certain administrative, organizational, legal and other types of measures, as well as to perform certain actions necessary for the fulfillment of the assigned tasks. 4. Organization of joint conferences, round tables and other scientific and educational events with the aim of developing public society institutions and protecting the rights, freedoms and interests of citizens. 5. Consultations and provision of conclusions.

The interaction of the President of Ukraine with the Parliament and bodies of the executive power: problems of theory and practice

The article explores the issues of interaction between the President of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the executive authorities in Ukraine. The research has shown that the constitutional ambiguity and differences in the legal norms defining the powers of the president and the parliament cause problems of interaction between them. It was also revealed that problems may arise in the process of forming a majority in the parliament, which may lead to political instability and complicate the interaction between the president and the parliament. This article also substantiates that the existing constitutional and legal norms regarding the veto power of the President of Ukraine regarding laws adopted by the Verkhovna Rada and the performance of the duties of the President of Ukraine by the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada in cases where his powers were prematurely terminated require additional improvements. It was established that the problems of interaction between the President of Ukraine and the executive authorities are related to the existing procedure for appointing the heads of local state administrations, the lack of an effective control system over the executive authorities, insufficient coordination of the actions of the President of Ukraine and the executive authorities, and the problem of the constitutionality of the President’s powers in relation to some executive authorities authorities The mentioned problems can lead to abuse of power, corruption and inefficient activity of state bodies, therefore this article offers options for solving the mentioned problems. The work highlights important aspects of the interaction of key state institutions and can be useful for students and researchers in the legal field. This study contains interesting conclusions and recommendations regarding the further improvement of interaction between the President and the authorities in Ukraine.

“Our People, Our Rules, and Our Border!”: Village Networks, People’s Economies, and the Functioning of the State at the Western Edge of Ukraine

This paper aims to present local state and border administrations in terms of people’s everyday economies (their function and purpose). Instead of seeing local state institutions and border administration from a top-down perspective, I present them as socially negotiated, since the days of socialism to the present, by locals who have lived by (and made a living from) the international border with Slovakia for almost eighty years. I particularly reflect on the social relations and informal practices carried out through the border and performed from within local state institutions, and the unwritten rules of people’s economies in a particular Transcarpathian village community in Ukraine. I argue these economies, carried out within family networks that form a village community (built on sense of common belonging, trust, and moral obligations to peers), have served to establish local networks as effective means for gaining control of public offices and institutions (including the administration of the border) during socialism and in post-socialism. Hence, the local economy is presented as a model of transacting within and between local family networks in the environment of the local state and border administrations, whose functioning is strongly influenced by sociality and practices of the village community. The community, I posit, had adapted to socialism as a state regime by developing a performative competence to act according to communally-shared rules, albeit sometimes beyond formal rules. Adding to the key influence of interactions and transactions within local networks’ economies on the functioning of the border, I argue that the economies here served also moral and solidary purposes in times of more recent crises, that is, during the ongoing war in Ukraine that has brought extensive traffic to the external Schengen border. Favouring as a key resource in managing, negotiating and ultimately subverting official structures and institutions should thus be considered a core strategy of long-term resilience of local collectives against past and present adversities.

Improvement of tools for the activity of local public administration bodies in the context of European integration

In the paper, a study of the definition of the concept of tools of local public administration bodies, their types and directions of improvement in the context of European integration was carried out. In particular, the author notes in the paper that the tools of public administration bodies are those actions they take with the purpose of legal regulation of legal relations with their participation, with the aim of regulating them or influencing the participants of such legal relations, ensuring compliance with the rights and interests of the participants of legal relations and the state ( or other public entity) as a whole (forms of public administration), legal means (techniques) that are used (methods of public administration); the concept of "tools of activity of public administration bodies" covers the regulation of administrative legal relations of an external nature. The instruments of activity of local bodies of public administration can be normative legal acts (in the form of orders of heads of local state administrations (including military administrations), orders of heads of territorial communities, decisions of local councils and their executive committees), acts of a programmatic nature (including social programs - economic and cultural development of the community, district, region, target programs on other issues), orders and decisions of an individual nature (including regarding the implementation of administrative-procedural and administrative-delict powers. On the basis of the conducted scientific research, the author came to the conclusion that in order to improve the tools of local public administration bodies in the context of European integration, the practice of concluding administrative contracts by them should be expanded, including regarding the cooperation of public administration subjects and public authority subjects, who, on the one hand, do not belong to the executive branch of state power, and on the other hand, can participate in the implementation of state programs at their own request.

Administrative and legal regulation of public service in bodies of the executive power

In the paper, a study of the administrative and legal regulation of public service in the bodies of the executive power was carried out. On the basis of the conducted scientific research, the author came to the conclusion that the administrative and legal regulation of public service in the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine provides for the presence in its structure of political employees who are not subject to the provisions of the legislation on civil service, as well as the principles of professionalism, political neutrality and stability public service, as well as civil servants and employees of the patronage service. The latter ensure the activities of the members of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (except for those who head the ministry) and are formally subordinated to the Secretariat of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, but in fact are subordinated only to the person whose activity they ensure. The administrative and legal regulation of public service in ministries and local executive bodies provides for the presence in their structure of both political and state and patronage employees, who are managed by the state secretary of the ministry (or the head of the staff of the local state administration), in other central bodies of executive power and territorial subdivisions of ministries, other central bodies of the executive power, there are no political employees, and the management of the state service and strategic management of the relevant body is carried out by its head.