Local Star Formation Laws Research Articles

EXPLORING DAMPED Lyα SYSTEM HOST GALAXIES USING GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

ABSTRACT We present a sample of 45 Damped Lyα system (DLA; ) counterparts (33 detections, 12 upper limits) which host gamma-ray bursts (GRB-DLAs) in order to investigate star formation and metallicity within galaxies hosting DLAs. Our sample spans and is nearly three times larger than any previously detected DLA counterparts survey based on quasar line-of-sight searches (QSO-DLAs). We report star formation rates (SFRs) from rest-frame UV photometry and spectral energy distribution modeling. We find that DLA counterpart SFRs are not correlated with either redshift or H i column density. Thanks to the combination of Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based observations, we also investigate DLA host star formation efficiency. Our GRB-DLA counterpart sample spans both higher efficiency and low efficiency star formation regions compared to the local Kennicutt–Schmidt relation, local star formation laws, and cosmological simulations. We also compare the depletion times of our DLA hosts sample to other objects in the local universe; our sample appears to deviate from the star formation efficiencies measured in local spiral and dwarf galaxies. Furthermore, we find similar efficiencies as local inner disks, SMC, and Lyman-break galaxy outskirts. Finally, our enrichment time measurements show a spread of systems with under- and over-abundance of metals, which may suggest that these systems had episodic star formation and a metal enrichment/depletion as a result of strong stellar feedback and/or metal inflow/outflow.

A UNIVERSAL, LOCAL STAR FORMATION LAW IN GALACTIC CLOUDS, NEARBY GALAXIES, HIGH-REDSHIFT DISKS, AND STARBURSTS

[abridged] While observations of Local Group galaxies show a very simple, local star formation law in which the star formation rate per unit area in each patch of a galaxy scales linearly with the molecular gas surface density, recent observations of both Milky Way molecular clouds and high redshift galaxies apparently show a more complicated relationship, in which regions of equal surface density can form stars at quite different rates. These data have been interpreted as implying either that different star formation laws apply in different circumstances, that the star formation law is sensitive to large-scale galaxy properties rather than local properties, or that there are high density thresholds for star formation. Here we collate resolved observations of Milky Way molecular clouds, kpc-scale observations of Local Group galaxies, and unresolved observations of both disk and starburst galaxies in the local universe and at high redshift. We show that all of these data are in fact consistent with a simple, local, volumetric star formation law. The apparent variations stem from the fact that the observed objects have a wide variety of 3D size scales and degrees of internal clumping, so even at fixed gas column density the regions being observed can have wildly varying volume densities. We provide a simple theoretical framework to remove this projection effect, and we show that all the data, from small Solar neighborhood clouds with masses ~10^3 Msun to sub-mm galaxies with masses ~10^11 Msun, fall on a single star formation law in which the SFR is simply ~1% of the molecular gas mass per local free-fall time. In contrast, proposed star formation laws in which the star formation timescale is set by the galactic rotation period or the SFR is linearly proportional to the gas mass above some density threshold fail to match at least some of the data.

A complete $^\mathsf{{12}}$CO 2-1 map of M 51 with HERA

Context. The mechanisms governing the star formation rate in spiral galaxies are not yet clear. The nearby, almost face-on, and interacting galaxy M 51 offers an excellent opportunity to study at high spatial resolutions the local star formation laws.

The star formation rate in disc galaxies: thresholds and dependence on gas amount

We reassess the applicability of the Toomre criterion in galactic discs and we study the local star formation law in 16 disc galaxies for which abundance gradients are published. The data we use consist of stellar light profiles, atomic and molecular gas (deduced from CO with a metallicity-dependent conversion factor), star formation rates (from Ha emissivities), metal-licities, dispersion velocities and rotation curves. We show that the Toomre criterion applies successfully to the case of the Milky Way disc, but it has limited success with the data of our sample; depending on whether or not the stellar component is included in the stability analysis, we find average values for the threshold ratio of the gas surface density to the critical surface density in the range 0.5-0.7. We also test various star formation laws proposed in the literature, i.e. either the simple Schmidt law or modifications of it, that take into account dynamical factors. We find only small differences among them as far as the overall fit to our data is concerned; in particular, we find that all three star formation laws (with parameters derived from the fits to our data) match observations in the Milky Way disc particularly well. In all cases we find that the exponent n of our best-fitting star formation rate has slightly higher values than in other recent works and we suggest several reasons that may cause that discrepancy.