Local Shopping Mall Research Articles

Sustainable spatial strategies for mitigating air pollution in quick commerce environments

This paper reviewed various studies on the impact of quick-commerce distribution services on the environment and local communities, with a particular focus on air pollution and increased packaging waste due to the increase in quick-commerce consumption. A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, Medline, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, and Scopus to comprehensively investigate and summarise the characteristics of quick commerce distribution, the impact of frequent logistics transport on air pollution, and the increase in packaging waste due to the increase in online shopping demand. Previous studies have mainly addressed the growth characteristics of quick commerce distribution services with the emergence of quick commerce. The results of this study show that quick-commerce distribution services are indeed associated with increased traffic due to frequent transport, which contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and traffic congestion in cities. In addition, due to the nature of quick-commerce consumption, packaging waste is also increasing due to excessive use of packaging materials for freshness and safe delivery. Therefore, this study suggests sustainable consumption behaviour using local shopping malls and private spaces to minimize environmental pollution in the era of changed distribution services.

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING IN WAITING QUEUE IN SHOPPING MALL

This project is an attempt to analyze the use of queuing theory in a local shopping mall. Also considers the mall as a multi server queuing system following Poisson arrival and Exponential service based system. A comparison of the results using MATLAB pertaining to double server and multiple server queuing system is also provided.

Abnormal Weight Among University Students in the Kingdom of Bahrain (2018): Prevalence, Factors, Predictions, and Recommendations

Over the past two decades, the Kingdom of Bahrain has seen an increase in weight in a growing number of people. Experts in the field determined that it is due to a lack of exercise and poor dietary habits. The problem has reached extremely high records of obesity; 37% for females and 30% for males. The statistics were based on a cross-sectional study of 414 volunteers at a local shopping mall. The goal of this primary data analysis was to determine the current prevalence of weight abnormalities. The findings were used to predict the trend of such abnormalities among the sub-population of university students in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The analysis, done in 2018, was based on 1,100 surveys collected from subjects in the central universities in the Kingdom of Bahrain including the University of Bahrain, Ahlia University, University of Bahrain, Arabian Gulf University, Applied Science University, AMM International University, Arab Open University, and Bahrain Polytechnic. The research was conducted over a period of several months. The authors developed surveys in both Arabic and English and randomly selected participants aged between eighteen and twenty-five among full-time students from major universities in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The standards of these weight issues, including obesity, overweight and underweight issues were determined with the use of the International Classification Index, a diagnostic tool used for health management. It is managed and prescribed by the World Health Organization. Based on the Chi-square test, the results strongly depended on the gender, age, and the extent of exercise performed on a weekly basis. As a result, a multinomial logistic regression involving these factors was used to compare the trends and predict the highest and lowest probabilities of each abnormal weight. For example, the male students, aged twenty-two or older who exercise less than one hour a week, were the most likely to be obese and overweight; about 20% and 42% chance, respectively. However, the students most probable to be underweight (about 11%) were those females; aged eighteen or nineteen who exercise less than one hour a week.

The Vital Role of Pink Marketing in the Creation of Women Loyalty

Purpose of the study: This study stresses the vital role of pink marketing in the creation of women loyalty. The study revolves around the fundamental question: Does the pink marketing mix of Maybelline New York beauty products have any critical effect on women's loyalty in the Kurdistan Region? Methodology: The article applies an analytical-descriptive approach. The data were composed by a questionnaire circulated to 125 women consumers at local shopping malls in Erbil province, Iraq. Statistical tools were used to test and analyze the data using SPSS software. including: descriptive statistics to provide a comprehensive description of the sample in terms of demographics. Arithmetic mean and standard deviations to judge the response of sample items to study variables, Cronbach Alpha to ensure the validity of the study, and Pearson correlation coefficient test to recognize the nature of the relationship between the variables studied. Main Findings: The result showed that pink marketing mix does have a positive relationship with loyalty. Pink product, Pink price, Pink promotion, and place all have modest to weak correlation with loyalty. Research limitations/implications: This article focused on small group of women shoppers and one brand of cosmetics in its survey thus, the findings can't be comprehensive to cover the whole region due to the restrict movement because of COVID 19 outbreak in the region. Novelty/Originality of this study: The findings of the study donates to a full comprehension of viable pink marketing mix for achieving women shoppers' loyalty precisely in the cosmetics and beauty supplies industry, and propose a direction to marketers on how to move women shoppers to be loyal.

Ultra-processed food advertisements dominate the food advertising landscape in two Stockholm areas with low vs high socioeconomic status. Is it time for regulatory action?

BackgroundUltra-processed food consumption is a risk factor for obesity and has a negative environmental impact. Food companies spend billions of dollars on advertisements each year to increase the consumption of ultra-processed food. In Australia, USA, and New Zealand, most food advertisements around schools and in train stations promote ultra-processed food, but no similar studies have been conducted in Sweden. The aim of this study was to explore the proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements in two districts of Stockholm, Sweden with low vs. high socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsTwo independent researchers (per area) mapped all advertisements, including storefronts, in two Stockholm districts. During consecutive days, all advertisements were photographed in Skärholmen (low SES district), and Östermalmstorg (high SES district), on the streets inside and outside the subway stations, as well as inside and outside of local shopping malls. Advertisements promoting food products were identified and a trained dietician categorized whether they promoted ultra-processed foods. Chi-Square test was conducted to test for differences in the proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements between the two study areas.ResultsIn total, 4092 advertisements were photographed in Skärholmen (n = 1935) and Östermalm (n = 2157). 32.8% of all advertisements promoted food, while 65.4% of food advertisements promoted ultra-processed foods. A significantly higher proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements out of total food advertisements was identified in the low SES area, irrespective of the researcher taking the pictures (74.6% vs. 61.8%, p < 0.001 and 70.4% vs. 54.8%, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of food advertisements out of total advertisements between the two areas.ConclusionsThis study provides initial evidence about the scale and the differences in exposure to food advertisements across areas in Stockholm. The observed high proportion of ultra-processed food advertisements is concerning and is in sharp contrast to the Swedish dietary guidelines that recommend reduced consumption of such foods. Based on our results, residents in low SES areas might be more exposed to ultra-processed food advertisements than those in high SES areas in Stockholm. If such findings are confirmed in additional areas, they should be considered during the deployment of food advertisement regulatory actions.

Abnormal Weight Among University Students in the Kingdom of Bahrain (2018): Prevalence, Factors, Predictions, and Recommendations

Over the past two decades, the Kingdom of Bahrain has seen an increase in weight in a growing number of people. Experts in the field determined that it is due to a lack of exercise and poor dietary habits. The problem has reached extremely high records of obesity; 37% for females and 30% for males. The statistics were based on a cross-sectional study of 414 volunteers at a local shopping mall. The goal of this primary data analysis was to determine the current prevalence of weight abnormalities. The findings were used to predict the trend of such abnormalities among the sub-population of university students in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The analysis, done in 2018, was based on 1,100 surveys collected from subjects in the central universities in the Kingdom of Bahrain including the University of Bahrain, Ahlia University, University of Bahrain, Arabian Gulf University, Applied Science University, AMM International University, Arab Open University, and Bahrain Polytechnic. The research was conducted over a period of several months. The authors developed surveys in both Arabic and English and randomly selected participants aged between eighteen and twenty-five among full-time students from major universities in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The standards of these weight issues, including obesity, overweight and underweight issues were determined with the use of the International Classification Index, a diagnostic tool used for health management. It is managed and prescribed by the World Health Organization. Based on the Chi-square test, the results strongly depended on the gender, age, and the extent of exercise performed on a weekly basis. As a result, a multinomial logistic regression involving these factors was used to compare the trends and predict the highest and lowest probabilities of each abnormal weight. For example, the male students, aged twenty-two or older who exercise less than one hour a week, were the most likely to be obese and overweight; about 20% and 42% chance, respectively. However, the students most probable to be underweight (about 11%) were those females; aged eighteen or nineteen who exercise less than one hour a week.

Consumer perceptions of specific design characteristics for front-of-package nutrition labels

An increasing number of countries are developing front-of-package (FOP) labels; however, there is limited evidence examining the impact of specific design characteristics for these labels. The current study investigated consumer perceptions of several FOP label design characteristics, including potential differences among sociodemographic sub-groups. Two hundred and thirty-four participants aged 16 years or older completed nine label rating tasks on a laptop at a local shopping mall in Canada. The rating tasks asked participants to rate five primary design characteristics (border, background presence, background colour, 'caution' symbol and government attribution) on their noticeability, readability, believability and likelihood of changing their beverage choice. FOP labels with a border, solid background and contrasting colours increased noticeability. A solid background increased readability, while a contrasting background colour reduced it. Both a 'caution' symbol and a government attribution increased the believability of the labels and the perceived likelihood of influencing beverage choice. The effect of the design characteristics was generally similar across sociodemographic groups, with modest differences in five of the nine outcomes. Label design characteristics, such as the use of a border, colour and symbols can enhance the salience of FOP nutrition labels and may increase the likelihood that FOP labels are used by consumers.

An Entry Strategy on overseas Direct Sales of Korean SME’s

As cross border B2C e-commerce is widely spreading, three strategic steps toward global B2C e-commerce (overseas direct sales) has been proposed to small businesses to enhance their economic status for research purposes. Step one covers the attempt to enter and sell among foreign global open markets, such as eBay and Amazon, along with Kmall24, which was opened in 2014 by Korean international trade organization. Based on the experience of foreign direct sales in global open market as step one, step two covers entering local shopping malls. Required needs are entering expense, website management, and foreign language consultation, however marketing expense is not needed. Step three covers establishing local platforms and starting up overseas direct sales. In step three, establishing foreign language shopping mall needs investment, website management, and foreign language counseling, which require marketing strategies. Foreign direct sales is different from foreign direct purchase, for the fact that decisions need to be made in the seller’s perspective, which comes with many disadvantages, and also calls for inspections on different ways to approach due to difference of environment between local community and foreign communities.

Knowledge of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors among a Community Sample in Oman: Pilot study.

The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Omani adults regarding conventional coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors and to identify demographic variables associated with these knowledge levels. This descriptive cross-sectional pilot study was carried out among a convenience sample of 130 adults attending a health awareness fair held in a local shopping mall in Muscat, Oman, in November 2012. A modified version of the Heart Disease Facts Questionnaire in both English and Arabic was used to assess knowledge of CHD risk factors. Scores were calculated by summing the correct answers for each item (range: 0-21). Inadequate knowledge was indicated by a mean score of <70%. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to establish the participants' knowledge levels and identify associated demographic variables. A total of 114 subjects participated in the study (response rate: 87.7%). Of these, 69 participants (60.5%) had inadequate mean CHD knowledge scores. Knowledge of CHD risk factors was significantly associated with body mass index (odds ratio [OR] = 0.739; P = 0.023), marital status (OR = 0.057; P = 0.036) and education level (OR = 9.243; P = 0.006). Low knowledge levels of CHD risk factors were observed among the studied community sample in Oman; this is likely to limit the participants' ability to engage in preventative practices. These findings support the need for education programmes to enhance awareness of risk factors and prevention of CHD in Oman.

Robovie as a Mascot: A Qualitative Study for Long-Term Presence of Robots in a Shopping Mall

This paper, which reports a qualitative study on a social robot in a local shopping mall in Japan, explores how visitors interacted, understood, and accepted it. In the shopping mall where we conducted our study, Robovie, a humanoid robot, has been tested for 3 years. Based on this context of long-term exposure to a social robot, we conducted short-term interviews and observations with the visitors to the mall. We analyzed the obtained qualitative data by a grounded-theory approach and identified four common trends: (1) association of the robot with its location; (2) assigning of future roles to the robot; (3) perceiving it as a form of entertainment for children, i.e., as a mascot; and (4) perception of autonomy is independent of how the robot works. One might expect people to automatically see the robot as a utility, but instead they tended to consider it a suitable mascot.

Children's Perceptions of Child-Friendly Shaped Fruit and Vegetable Snacks: are they seen as more Fun and Appealing?

Background The nutrients provided by fruits and vegetables are essential for optimal growth and development, yet fruits and vegetables continue to be under-consumed by most children. Children’s liking of foods is a primary predictor of intake, suggesting that increasing children’s liking of fruits and vegetables may serve as an initial step toward increasing their consumption. The objective of this study was to determine if healthy fruit and vegetable (FV) snacks presented in child-friendly (CF) shapes were perceived as more fun and therefore better liked by children, as compared to FV snacks offered in regular shapes. Methods Convenience sample recruited in a local shopping mall and two large grocery stores. Children (n=365) participated in a survey and both children and adults completed an optional taste-test of apples, cucumbers, cantaloupe, and sweet potatoes offered either in regular shapes (small chunks and slices) or in CF shapes (butterfly, chick, flower and teddy bear). Results Data indicated that CF-shaped FV snack samples were 34.2% more likely to be selected than their regular-shaped versions (OR 1.342, 95% CI 1.024 – 1.760, p<0.033). Children perceived the shape of CF-shaped fruits and vegetables as more fun than that of regularshaped fruits and vegetables (p<0.001). Children’s ratings of the appearance, taste and texture of the FV snacks were high, (lsmean ± SE ≥4.35 ± 0.08) but ratings were not significantly different between CF- and regular-shaped samples. Conclusions: Results suggest that the shape of FV snacks may play a role in children’s perception of these foods as being “fun” and may encourage children to try (and eat) those foods; however, future research is needed to explore the size, color, and shapes that are most likely to also increase the liking and consumption of healthy snack foods, such as fruits and vegetables.

You taste what you see: Do organic labels bias taste perceptions?

Does simply believing that a processed food is organic improve how enjoyable it tastes, influence caloric estimations, or increase how much people are willing to pay for the item? In the present study, 115 participants recruited from a local shopping mall were asked to taste and evaluate three paired food samples (i.e., cookies, potato chips, and yogurt). Each of those food samples was labeled, specifying one of the items in the pair as ‘organic’ and the other label specifying its counterpart as ‘regular’, although they were identical and organically produced. Results found that participants estimated those foods with organic labels to be lower in calories than those without the organic label. Furthermore, foods with the organic label elicited a higher willingness-to-pay and yielded better nutritional evaluations (e.g., tastes lower in fat, higher in fiber) than foods without the organic label. Finally, results found that the effects of the organic label on caloric estimations were less pronounced among people who typically read nutritional labels, who often buy organic foods, and who often engage in pro-environmental activities. This underscores the idea that the health halo effect is primarily driven by automatic processing based on heuristics. Understanding how consumers use nutritional information on product labels has important implications for both public policy as well as processed food manufacturers who use such claims as tools to market their products.

Modelling sanitary demands for occupant loads in shopping centres of Hong Kong

This paper presents a quantitative mathematical model of sanitary demands from occupants in shopping complexes. In-situ measurements and interview surveys with occupants were conducted in typical local shopping malls in order to determine the model parameters for their visiting patterns, load patterns, demand patterns and their preferred or acceptable duration for waiting and using water closets (WCs). The model is used to assess the probable acceptance of sanitary facilities towards the acceptable amount of time for waiting at a typical female washroom designed for an occupant load of 600 occupants in a shopping mall. The results showed that the current sanitary provisions for female washrooms in local shopping malls could meet occupants’ minimum expectation, while with an additional 33% of WC, the sanitary would fully satisfy ‘all’ occupants in terms of amount of time for waiting. Practical applications: This paper presents a quantitative mathematical model of sanitary demands from a group of building occupants. This model is applied to evaluate the performance of sanitary provisions at typical female washrooms in Hong Kong shopping malls and to quantify the provisions required to achieve the most acceptable amount of time for waiting to their users.

Easishop: Ambient intelligence assists everyday shopping

E-commerce has been one of the success stories of the last decade. Developments in wireless communications and mobile computing have heralded an era of mobile commerce (m-commerce). Though a number of successful applications and services have been deployed, these are almost invariably inherently static in nature. By augmenting m-commerce with intelligent and autonomous components, the significant benefits of convenience and added value may be realized for the average shopper as they wander their local shopping mall or high street. By a selective and judicious juxtaposition of Ambient Intelligent (AmI) concepts and e-commerce precepts, the foundations for truly ubiquitous commerce (u-commerce) may be constructed. In this paper, the synergy between AmI and e-commerce is explored and developed, resulting in the description of a prototypical application that demonstrates the viability of this approach.

New age retail tenants: A new phenomenon

Over the past five years, there is a phenomenon of local shopping malls redefining their retail space to accommodate New Age Retail Tenants upon the exit of some Anchor Tenants who have been dominant for decades. Shopping centre managements are having an arduous task seeking replacement for these anchor tenants who, for a long time, have been perceived as backbones of shopping malls. In view of the above, this research seeks to investigate this new phenomenon through the shoppers' image of anchor tenants and new age retail tenants. The study found the image structures of the two tenant types differing. The research further tested for the impact of sociodemographic factors on consumers' preference of retail tenant type and among the sociodemographic factors, age showed the most significant impact. Further analysis broke down the age groups into two general age groups. The research findings indicated anchor tenants and new age tenants have different target group and thus possible to co-exist in a shopping mall. New age retail tenants have not evolved to replace anchor tenants. In fact, their entry to the local retail landscape have brought an alternative option for mall managers to rejuvenate the shopping centres of Singapore, as well as variety of shops to the shoppers.

Does clinic-measured gait speed differ from gait speed measured in the community in people with stroke?

Objective: To compare the extent to which gait speed measured in the clinic setting differs from that measured in the community. Design: Participants completed the 10-m walk test at a self-selected speed in a clinic setting. Following this they completed a 300-m community-based walking circuit that covered a variety of environmental conditions. Gait velocity was sampled at different points in the circuit. The same circuit and sampling points were used for all participants. Clinic gait velocity was compared to gait velocity measured on five occasions during the community-based circuit. Setting: Physiotherapy clinic and local shopping mall. Participants: Twenty-eight chronic stroke patients who regularly accessed the community divided into two groups based on their gait velocity in the clinic. Main outcome measures: Walking velocity. Results: Spearman rank correlation coefficient indicated that there was a strong correlation between the total time taken to walk the 300-m course and the clinic-based gait velocity (r=-0.88, P<0.0001). A linear mixed model with repeated measures analysis revealed significant interaction between community measures for group A versus group B (F4,26=4.49, P=0.0068) and significant differences across community conditions (F4,26=7.12, P=0.0005). Conclusion: The clinic-based 10-m walk test is able to predict walking velocity in a community setting in chronic stroke patients who score 0.8 m/s or faster. However, for those who score less than 0.8 m/s in the clinic test, gait velocity in the community may be overestimated.

Does evidence exist on whether specific interventions can improve adherence to a home exercise program in a patient with intermittent claudication?

The purpose of “Evidence in Practice” is to illustrate the literature search process to obtain evidence that can guide clinical decision making. This article is not a case report. The examination, evaluation, and intervention sections are purposely abbreviated. A 71-year-old man was referred by his physician to our clinic for examination and treatment with reports of bilateral lower-extremity pain, which was worse on the right side than on the left. The patient reported that his symptoms were most noticeable while walking distances greater than 2 city blocks. He did not report any pain while at rest, and his leg pain was relieved by sitting for 5 to 10 minutes. He also had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. His current medications included glipizide (Glucotrol XL*) for control of diabetes mellitus, clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix†) to reduce platelet-induced thrombosis, simvastatin (Zocor‡) to improve his plasma lipid profile, and amlodipine besylate (Norvasc*) for treatment of hypertension. He reported that he has smoked cigarettes for 46 years. Although he tried to quit unsuccessfully several times, he reduced his consumption to ½ pack per day for the past 5 years. He reported that his leg symptoms began approximately 2 years ago, but he initially attributed his pain with walking to his age and arthritis. He felt that the intensity of his symptoms were becoming progressively worse and that the symptoms seemed to come on sooner, causing his walking distances to become shorter. For example, he recently started walking several mornings each week with his wife and several acquaintances at a local shopping mall; however, he was unable to keep up with his wife and fellow “mall-walkers” because of his leg pain. Before referral to our clinic, the patient underwent radiographic studies of the lumbar spine and both …

Chest pain

Dr. David W. Osborne: Today's case is that of a 57-year-old man who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a complaint of chest pain. He was brought to the ED by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) from a local shopping mall. Upon arrival the patient appeared in moderate discomfort, describing “10 out of 10” substernal chest pressure. He reported the pain started approximately 12 hour before arrival in the ED. The patient described constant pain, which increased with exertion, and was associated with radiation to his left arm, dyspnea, mild lightheadedness, nausea, and diaphoresis. The patient had been discharged the prior day from a community hospital, also for evaluation of chest pain, with a “negative” workup.

Adolescent suicide prevention

This case—prevention of adolescent suicide—is one of a series of teaching cases in the Case-Based Series in Population-Oriented Prevention (C-POP). It has been developed for use in medical school and residency prevention curricula. The complete set of cases is presented in this supplement to the A merican Journal of Preventive Medicine. This teaching case examines the issue of prevention of adolescent and young adult suicide both at an individual and at a population or community level, using data from the Onondaga County Health Department. In the first section of the case, students are asked to determine whether five deaths related to falling or jumping at a local shopping mall should be considered to be suicidal deaths. Students then develop skills in the reporting as well as in the epidemiology of adolescent suicidal deaths in Onondaga County. As the case progresses, students analyze the results of a local surveillance study of suicidal attempts and ideation. The case concludes with students evaluating a hypothetical screening study intended to reduce the risk of suicidal death and discussing a research design to examine the effectiveness of this prevention strategy.

Fire risk to a local shopping mall

This paper addresses the safety aspects of local shopping malls. There are concerns about occupant density, high fire load and inadequate fire safety provisions such as passive building design, active fire protection and fire safety management. Therefore, a preliminary study on such a shopping mall was carried out in order to understand the potential fire hazard. A site survey was carried out to ascertain the geometry of the mall and the shops concerned, fire safety provisions including means of escape, fire services installations and transient occupant loading. A fire risk analysis of the shops concerned was made to study the potential hazards of the building and its contents, life safety and the activities being carried out. Probable fire environments are simulated by a two-layer zone model.