Local Reconstruction Research Articles

Improving gas production of hydrate deposits by increasing reservoir permeability nearby production well in the South China Sea

The hydrate deposits in offshore were mainly hosted in the clayey silt sediments, which had the characteristics of looseness and low permeability. Improving the permeability of hydrate reservoirs is the key to promote gas production efficiency. In this work, the enlarged permeable well wall method based on the local reconstruction around the production well was employed for the gas production. The enlarged permeable well wall was created by filling the hydrophobic porous materials to form a cylindrical high permeability area around production well. The gas production of hydrate deposits at the site W-17 in Shenhu area of the South China Sea was simulated by depressurization method. The simulation results showed that the enlarged permeable well wall method could promote the propagation of pressure drop and ensure the continuity of the high-permeability channel around the well. When the radius of enlarged permeable well wall were 1, 3 and 5 m, the gas production increased by 1.45, 2.08 and 2.66 times than that without the enlarged permeable well wall method for 10 years, respectively. Compared with the results of the first actual trial production in the South China Sea, the enlarged permeable well wall method has better production promotion effect on hydrate reservoirs. Moreover, the gas production was sensitive to the intrinsic permeability of the sediments, but not to the thermal conductivity.

Basal Cell Carcinoma at the Tip of the Nose – A Case Report

Skin cancers contribute very less to the total number of carcinomas. Particularly when on the face or exposed parts affect cosmetically more than functionally. Basal Cell Carcinoma over face is a locally destructive malignancy of the skin which rarely metastasizes. Basal cell carcinomas are the most common type of cancer in Europe, Australia, and the USA. A case of basal cell carcinoma is reported here in an adult female living in a rural area, who came for cosmetic purpose in the Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh and was transferred to the Department of Otolaryngology & Neck-Head Surgery of the same institution for better management. She was treated with best of the modalities available, i.e., wide local excision with local Nasolabial flap reconstruction with follow up.
 CBMJ 2021 January: vol. 10 no. 02 P: 115-117

High-fidelity noise-reconstructed empirical mode decomposition for mechanical multiple and weak fault extractions

The premise to ensure the safe operation of rotating machinery is to accurately and timely capture all kinds of damages and fault signatures, whose challenging issues are the multiple and weak faults. Ensemble noise-reconstructed empirical mode decomposition (ENEMD) is a smart method of adaptively decomposing and denoising for mechanical fault diagnosis. However, the original ENEMD and its derivative methods suffer from the drawbacks of critical noise estimation on the high accuracy, leading to the powerless capability for accurate multiple and weak fault signature extraction. Thus, high-fidelity noise-reconstructed empirical mode decomposition (HNEMD) is proposed to overcome the drawbacks, whose compositions include: (1) The cepstral neighboring coefficient editing is proposed to obtain the pre-whitening signal with the actual white noise, from which the major noise can be well purified by the minimax thresholding. (2) The high order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) local reconstruction is developed to estimate the minor noise from the pre-characterizing signal, where the tensor with the reasonable singular order is constructed by the sliding window and Hankel matrix. (3) The high-fidelity noise recovered by the major noise and the minor noise is reconstructed and combined with the basic ENEMD algorithm for accurate signature extraction, especially for the multiple or/and weak fault ones. Three repeatable simulations are analyzed to illustrate the signature extraction capability and noise estimation process of this method. Moreover, the effective detections of weak and multiple faults from a hot strip finishing mill gearbox and an aerospace bearing further validate the feasibility of the proposed method.

How to reconstruct the lordosis of cervical spine in patients with Hirayama disease? A finite element analysis of biomechanical changes focusing on adjacent segments after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion

PurposeTo compare the biomechanical changes of adjacent segments between patients with Hirayama disease and non-pathological people after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) operation, and to explore the optimal degree of local lordosis reconstruction during surgery.MethodsA young male volunteer was recruited to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower cervical spine based on the CT data. By adjusting the bony structures and simulating the operation process, the models of non-pathological individuals before and after ACDF, patients with Hirayama disease before and after ACDF, and different local lordosis angles were established. Then, the postoperative range of motion (RoM) and stress of the adjacent segments under flexion, extension, left bending, right bending, left rotation and right rotation were recorded and compared.ResultsThe RoM and stress of all segments of lower cervical spine in patients with Hirayama disease are higher than those in non-pathological individual, and this trend still exists after ACDF surgery. When the local lordosis angle is under physiological conditions, the RoM and stress of the adjacent segments are minimum.ConclusionCompared with non-pathological people, Hirayama disease patients have differences in cervical biomechanics, which may lead to cervical hypermobility and overload. After ACDF, the possibility of adjacent segments degeneration is greater than that of non-pathological people. When the operation maintains the physiological local lordosis angle, it can slow down the degeneration.

Part-Wise AtlasNet for 3D point cloud reconstruction from a single image

Learning to generate three dimensional (3D) point clouds from a single image remains a challenging task. Numerous approaches with encoder–decoder architectures have been proposed. However, these methods are hard to realize structured reconstructions and usually lack constraints on the local structures of 3D objects. AtlasNet as a representative model of 3D reconstruction consists of many branches, and each branch is a neural network used to reconstruct one local patch of a 3D object. However, the neural networks in AtlasNet and the patches of 3D objects are not in one-to-one correspondence before training. This case is not conducive to adding some reconstruction constraints to the local structures of 3D objects. Based on the architecture of AtlasNet, we propose Part-Wise AtlasNet in which each neural network is only responsible for reconstructing one specific part of a 3D object. This kind of restriction facilitates imposition of several local constraints on the final reconstruction loss, hence better recovering 3D objects with finer local structures. Both the qualitative results and quantitative analysis show that the variants of the proposed method with the local reconstruction losses generate structured point clouds with a higher visual quality and achieve better performance than other methods in 3D point cloud generation from a single image.

Palaeoenvironment, palaeogeography, and palaeoclimatology of the Mississippian carbonate ramp in the Alborz tectonostratigraphic zone: Implications for deciphering the controlling factors on ramp evolution

The Mississippian successions of the Alborz tectonostratigraphic zone have been studied in several sections (Dozdehban, Naserabad, Shahmirzad, and Mighan) extending from north to southeast. The sedimentological data indicate three main facies associations (FA): (FA1) a basin to distal outer ramp of low‐energy, low‐oxygen environment with low bioturbation and less developed in situ fossils; (FA2) a middle ramp facies accompanied by storm‐induced sediments (tempestites), echinoderm‐dominated mud mounds, and high fragmentation of skeletal components; and (FA3) an inner ramp facies, represented by sand shoal, and lagoonal/back‐barrier, mainly characterized by the dominance of oolitic, bioclast, and intraclast grainstones. The sedimentary features imply the formation of the succession on a broad flat‐topped, high‐to‐moderate‐energy shelfal carbonate ramp which had been open to the N/NE, the downslope direction, as revealed by local palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Analysis of several proxies indicates a subtropical palaeoclimate evidenced by (a) widespread tempestite facies and occurrence of storm‐depositional processes, (b) diverse and abundant pellet‐forming thalassinoideans and burrowing echinoids trace fossil assemblages, (c) geochemical proxy indicating a palaeotemperature of 23°–25°, and (d) a rich subtropical heterozoan fossil association. The data provided here imply the palaeolatitudinal position of the Alborz Mississippian ramp is 30–40°S along the southern margin of the Palaeotethys.

Reconstruction of Daylight Spectral Power Distribution Based on Correlated Color Temperature: A Comparative Study between the CIE Approach and Localized Procedures in Assessing Non-image Forming Effects

ABSTRACT Spectrally and spatially resolved information on daylight is critically important when planning for non-image forming (NIF) responses. Nevertheless, the availability of such data is scarce given the high initial costs and complex on-site maintenance of high-end spectral measurement devices. The CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage) reconstruction procedure allows for the derivation of the daylight spectral power distribution (SPD) from the chromaticity coordinates or the correlated color temperature (). However, several studies have suggested that both the daylight locus and the reconstruction procedure are erroneous, and specifically SPDs with a higher cannot be reproduced accurately. This paper studies the reconstruction accuracy of the SPD of daylight, and contextualizes the findings in relation to NIF effects. The analysis comprises a comparative study to determine the accuracy of the CIE procedure compared to two localized reconstruction procedures, and a sensitivity study to examine the impact of accuracy on the assessment of NIF responses, as represented by all five retinal photoreceptors and expressed in the α-opic efficacy of luminous radiation. The results indicated that a localized procedure, adjusting both the daylight locus and the PCA components of daylight, outperformed the CIE reconstruction method. However, improvement in the reconstruction accuracy had no effect on NIF assessment. The RSMPE for α-opic quantities did not exceed 4% for any procedure. In practical terms, this implies that cost-effective sensors and the representation of spectral properties in sky models with a single value – the correlated color temperature – can be used for NIF purposes. These findings bridge theory and practice by opening up new insights into the understanding of simplified methods used to determine NIF effects of daylight.

Local Sound Speed Estimation for Pulse-Echo Ultrasound in Layered Media.

Our previous methodology in local sound speed estimation utilized time delays measured by the cross correlation of delayed full-synthetic aperture channel data to estimate the average speed of sound. However, focal distortions in this methodology lead to biased estimates of the average speed of sound, which, in turn, leads to biased estimates of the local speed of sound. Here, we demonstrate the bias in the previous methodology and introduce a coherence-based average sound speed estimator that eliminates this bias and is computationally much cheaper in practice. Because this coherence-based approach estimates the average sound speed in the medium over an equally spaced grid in depth rather than time, we derive a refined model that relates the local and average speeds of sound as a function of depth in layered media. A fast, closed-form inversion of this model yields highly accurate local sound speed estimates. The root-mean-square (rms) error of local sound speed reconstruction in simulations of two-layer media is 4.6 and 2.5 m/s at 4 and 8 MHz, respectively. This work examines the impact of frequency, f -number, aberration, and reverberation on sound speed estimation. Phantom and in vivo experiments in rats further validate the coherence-based sound speed estimator.

Syndecan-4 affects myogenesis via Rac1-mediated actin remodeling and exhibits copy-number amplification and increased expression in human rhabdomyosarcoma tumors

Skeletal muscle demonstrates a high degree of regenerative capacity repeating the embryonic myogenic program under strict control. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common sarcoma in childhood and is characterized by impaired muscle differentiation. In this study, we observed that silencing the expression of syndecan-4, the ubiquitously expressed transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, significantly enhanced myoblast differentiation, and fusion. During muscle differentiation, the gradually decreasing expression of syndecan-4 allows the activation of Rac1, thereby mediating myoblast fusion. Single-molecule localized superresolution direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) imaging revealed nanoscale changes in actin cytoskeletal architecture, and atomic force microscopy showed reduced elasticity of syndecan-4-knockdown cells during fusion. Syndecan-4 copy-number amplification was observed in 28% of human fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma tumors and was accompanied by increased syndecan-4 expression based on RNA sequencing data. Our study suggests that syndecan-4 can serve as a tumor driver gene in promoting rabdomyosarcoma tumor development. Our results contribute to the understanding of the role of syndecan-4 in skeletal muscle development, regeneration, and tumorigenesis.

A numerical study of flow boiling in a microchannel using the local front reconstruction method

AbstractThe rapid advances in performance and miniaturization of electronic devices require a cooling technology that can remove the produced heat at a high rate with small temperature variations, as is obtained in flow boiling. To obtain insight in flow boiling, we performed numerical simulations in a 200 μm square microchannel using the local front reconstruction method. Besides validation with literature results, a parametric study shows an increasing heat removal rate and bubble growth rate with increasing wall temperature, liquid mass density, and liquid heat capacity and decreasing inlet velocity indicating the importance of phase change compared to convective transport. Finally, the heat transfer in the liquid film is studied using a Nusselt number defined with the film thickness, which is comparable to Nusselt number for falling films on hot surfaces. It is observed that convective effects are more pronounced at the bubble rear compared to the bubble front.

Outpatient Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Excision and Reconstruction: A Clinical, Economical, and Patient Perception Analysis.

Background:Nonmelanoma skin cancers constitute more than 15% of all types of cancer. To obtain the best cosmetic outcome, local flaps represent the ideal surgical choice.Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of patients treated from 2016 to 2019. The day-surgery group included 73 patients, and the outpatient group included 70 patients. We analyzed medical records regarding age of diagnosis, waiting time, site of lesion, reconstructive technique, histologic diagnosis, radicality of excision, and complications. We administered a survey based on quality items and carried out an economic evaluation.Results:Outpatient removals were radical 92.6% of the time against the 78% of those performed in the operating room (P = 0.14). We observed two cases of wound dehiscence and two cases of hematoma in the day-surgery group. Economic analysis showed reduced costs in the outpatient setting.Conclusion:Skin excision and local flap reconstruction are safe procedures in an outpatient setting under a clinical, economical, and patient perception point of view.

Efficacy of Platysmamyocutaneous Flap in Oral Defects.

Clinicians are baffling for reconstruction of small- to medium-sized defects of the oral cavity since time immemorial, each and every flap has its own limitations, ideal flap should be pliable, easily transferrable that can result in a better restoration of form and function of oral mucosa, we have platysma for the same purpose. We aim to provide surgical technique of the superiorly-based platysma myocutaneous flap with a single neck incision in this study, as well as the flap design, results, and complications associated with age, gender, the recipient site, and the size of the defect. Study included 20 patients with oral potentially malignant disorders operated under local anaesthesia with wide local excision and reconstruction with platysma myocutaneous flap at a single tertiary care centre. The association between the variables was calculated using Chi-square tests and paired t tests. P < .05 was considered significant. Five cases of dehiscence were found at varied sites and flap viability was significantly influenced by location of skin paddle. In between anterior jugular vein and posterior external jugular vein it was 100% viable while on and posterior to the vein, had skin paddle loss. Significant improvement in mouth opening was also seen in Oral Sub-mucous Fibrosis patients. The platysma flap is a technique sensitive, and its results are promising for the reconstruction of oral defects.

HA-CCP: A Hybrid Algorithm for Solving Capacitated Clustering Problem.

The capacitated clustering problem (CCP) divides the vertices of the undirected graph into several disjoint clusters so that the sum of the node weights in each cluster meets the capacity limit while maximizing the sum of the weight of the edges between nodes in the same cluster. CCP is a typical NP-hard problem with a wide range of engineering applications. In recent years, heuristic algorithms represented by greedy random adaptive search program (GRASP) and variable neighborhood search (VNS) have achieved excellent results in solving CCP. To improve the efficiency and quality of the CCP solution, this study proposes a new hybrid algorithm HA-CCP. In HA-CCP, a feasible solution construction method is designed to adapt to the CCP with stricter upper and lower bound constraints and an adaptive local solution destruction and reconstruction method is designed to increase population diversity and improve convergence speed. Experiments on 90 instances of 4 types show that the best average solution obtained by HA-CCP on 58 instances is better than all comparison algorithms, indicating that HA-CCP has better solution stability. HA-CCP is also superior to all comparison algorithms in average solving efficiency.

Metro Anomaly Detection Based on Light Strip Inductive Key Frame Extraction and MAGAN Network

Abnormal objects in the risk space between the platform door and train will threaten the safe operation of the metro transportation system. However, selecting the right time to perform anomaly detection during the process of metro in and out station is the primary problem. The trouble of lacking abnormal samples, the high imbalance of abnormal categories, and the defects of abnormal regeneration are not well resolved in most reconstruction-based anomaly detection methods. To handle the aforementioned issues, a method based on light strip inductive key frame extraction and patch-level unsupervised network is proposed. The light strip inductive feature is designed to simulate the status of train door movement, which contributes to extracting key frames for anomaly detection. An unsupervised network, which is named metro anomaly generative adversarial network (MAGAN) and based on dilate fine-grained generator, multipatch discriminator, and local attention reconstruction loss, is proposed for anomaly classification and localization. Our network only utilizes normal samples for training and greatly suppresses the reconstruction of abnormalities by dilate fine-grained generators during testing. The discriminator and local attention reconstruction loss promote the interaction of global and local information in the image and provide a new multipatch-based anomaly localization scheme. The proposed method is tested on the metro risk space anomaly dataset, and the AUCs of anomaly classification and localization achieve 97.2% and 96.4%, respectively, which outperforms those of the state-of-the-art methods.

Forecasting the flap: predictors for pediatric lower extremity trauma reconstruction.

BackgroundPredicting the need for post-traumatic reconstruction of lower extremity injuries remains a challenge. Due to the larger volume of cases in adults than in children, the majority of the medical literature has focused on adult lower extremity reconstruction. This study evaluates predictive risk factors associated with the need for free flap reconstruction in pediatric patients following lower extremity trauma.MethodsAn IRB-approved retrospective chart analysis over a 5-year period (January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017) was performed, including all pediatric patients (<18 years old) diagnosed with one or more lower extremity wounds. Patient demographics, trauma information, and operative information were reviewed. The statistical analysis consisted of univariate and multivariate regression models to identify predictor variables associated with free flap reconstruction.ResultsIn total, 1,821 patients were identified who fit our search criteria, of whom 41 patients (2.25%) required free flap reconstruction, 65 patients (3.57%) required local flap reconstruction, and 19 patients (1.04%) required skin graft reconstruction. We determined that older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.134; P =0.002), all-terrain vehicle accidents (OR, 6.698; P<0.001), and trauma team activation (OR, 2.443; P=0.034) were associated with the need for free flap reconstruction following lower extremity trauma in our pediatric population.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates a higher likelihood of free flap reconstruction in older pediatric patients, those involved in all-terrain vehicle accidents, and cases involving activation of the trauma team. This information can be implemented to help develop an early risk calculator that defines the need for complex lower extremity reconstruction in the pediatric population.

The Production of Global Space Under the Transnational Entrepreneurship: Empirical Study on Yiwu, Zhejiang Province, China

This research probes into the process, impact, and mechanism of the production of global space in Yiwu under the transnational entrepreneurship, utilizing the &ldquor;spatial ternary theory&rdquor; and methods of field investigation and in-depth interview. It focuses on analyzing how the local government, state-owned enterprises, transnational traders, local residents, and domestic migrants act and interact in the production of global space since the 1980s. Results showed that the production of global space in Yiwu goes through a process from delocalization, globalization to relocalization, indicating the local construction and reconstruction of economic, social, and living relationships in small- and medium-sized cities influenced by transnational entrepreneurship. The production of global space in Yiwu is jointly promoted by top-down government power and bottom-up social strength, and local governmental entrepreneurialism that has been directly influenced by globalization is a key engine. Field investigation also discovered that there is a phenomenon of transnational traders’ apparent integration and invisible isolation with local residents and domestic migrants in the new social relationships in Yiwu. These findings will enrich the empirical research on the global space in small- and medium-sized cities in the context of China, and on the dialectical and interchangable relationship of the trinity of ternary elements in the spatial ternary theory; and help deepen the understanding on urbanization and globalization of small-and medium-sized Chinese cities, and optimize the governance of transnational migrants and the ethnic enclaves they live.

Ultrafast ultrasound localization microscopy method for spinal cord mircovasculature imaging

Function of spinal cord is crucial to nerve conduction pathway. Traumatic spinal cord injury often results in a vasculature disruption after primary insult and further leads to abnormal responses of the intact vessels in neighboring tissue during secondary injury. Therefore, the vasculature and blood supply play significant roles in evaluating the spinal cord function . Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) overcomes the shortcomings of extensively used angiography, such as computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), in terms of limited resolution, radiation and poor-portability, which meets the needs of comprehensive intraoperative examination and prognosis tracking. In this study, an L22-14vX probe with a transmission frequency of 15.625 MHz is utilized, yielding an imaging wavelength of 100 μm. The ULM is conducted based on ultrafast ultrasound technology with multiple tilted plane-wave illuminations. Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) based spatial-temporal clutter filtering method is used for separating the microbubble signals from tissue signals and high frequency noise. Through microbubble localization, trajectory tracking and mapping, subwavelength super-resolution ultrasound imaging is finally achieved. The whole process of microbubble localization and vessel reconstruction are monitored through measuring the time dependent microbubble detections and saturation. Saturation curve corresponds to the time dependent total area covered by microbubble detections on the image. Quantification analysis is carried out for evaluating the imaging results including resolution measurements based on the Fourier ring correlation (FRC) and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM). The &lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;n-vivo&lt;/i&gt; experimental results show that ULM can be used to obtain super-resolution vasculature imaging in rat spinal cord. The velocity distributed from 1 mm/s to 50 mm/s can be detected. Within the same vessel, the velocity of a point is inversely correlated with the distance from the point to the center of the vessel. The velocity in the center of the vessel is larger than that at the wall of the vessel. The larger vessels support higher flow in the center of the vessel. The FWHM results indicate that ultrafast Doppler displays vessels in diameters between 135 μm and 270 μm while ULM displays them in diameters between 28 μm and 35 μm. The FRC-based resolution evaluation shows that the ULM achieves a super resolution of 16 μm, much less than the imaging wavelength of 100 μm. Yet, long acquisition time is required to detect microbubbles in the smallest vessels, leading to long reconstruction of the microvasculature, which is still a problem worth studying . Compromise between saturation and acquisition time needs considering. Generally speaking, microbubbles are more likely to flow in large vessels, leading to relatively short reconstruction time of large vessels. When saturation curve almost converges, the imaging improvement with new vessels is not so significant that the detail sacrifice of some small microvessels can reduce acquisition time (i.e. most of microvasculature can still be gained when the saturation curve does not converge). Besides, the increase of microbubble concentration and advanced track identification and extraction may also accelerate the saturation rate of convergence with acquisition time decreasing. In conclusion, ULM can be used to obtain a super-resolution imaging of spinal cord microvasculature, giving a 10-fold improvement in resolution in comparison with ultrafast Doppler imaging. Relevant results can facilitate the super-resolution ULM imaging of spinal cord which may promote the function diagnosis, treatment intervention, disability prevention, and prognosis recovery of spinal cord injury.

Dimensionality Reduction and Classification of Hyperspectral Image via Multistructure Unified Discriminative Embedding

Graph can achieve good performance to extract the low-dimensional features of hyperspectral image (HSI). However, the present graph-based methods just consider the individual information of each sample in a certain characteristic, which is very difficult to represent the intrinsic properties of HSI for the complex imaging condition. To better represent the low-dimensional features of HSI, we propose a multistructure unified discriminative embedding (MUDE) method, which considers the neighborhood, tangential, and statistical properties of each sample in HSI to achieve the complementarity of different characteristics. In MUDE, we design the intraclass and interclass neighborhood structure graphs with the local reconstruction structure of each sample; meanwhile, we also utilize the adaptive tangential affine combination structure to construct the intraclass and interclass tangential structure graphs. To further enhance the discriminating performance between different classes, we consider the influence of the statistical distribution difference for each sample to develop an interclass Gaussian weighted scatter model. Then, an embedding objective function is constructed to enhance the intraclass compactness and the interclass separability and obtain more discriminative features for HSI classification. Experiments on three real HSI datasets show that the proposed method can make full use of the structure information of each sample in different characteristics to achieve the complementarity of different features and improve the classification performance of HSI compared with the state-of-the-art methods.

Spectral–Spatial and Superpixelwise PCA for Unsupervised Feature Extraction of Hyperspectral Imagery

As the most classical unsupervised dimension reduction algorithm, principal component analysis (PCA) has been widely used in hyperspectral images (HSIs) preprocessing and analysis tasks. Recently proposed superpixelwise PCA (SuperPCA) has shown promising accuracy where superpixels segmentation technique was first used to segment an HSI to various homogeneous regions and then PCA was adopted in each superpixel block to extract the local features. However, the local features could be ineffective due to the neglect of global information especially in some small homogeneous regions and/or in some large homogeneous regions with mixed ground truth objects. In this article, a novel spectral–spatial and SuperPCA (S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> -PCA) is proposed to learn the effective and low-dimensional features of HSIs. Inspired by SuperPCA we further adopt superpixels-based local reconstruction to filter the HSIs and use the PCA-based global features as the supplement of local features. It turns out that the global–local and spectral–spatial features can be well exploited. Specifically, each pixel of an HSI is reconstructed by the nearest neighbors’ pixels in the same superpixel block, which could eliminate the noise and enhance the spatial information adaptively. After the local reconstruction-based data preprocessing, PCA is performed on each region and the entire HSI to obtain local and global features, respectively. Then we simply concatenate them to get the global–local and spectral–spatial features for HSIs classification. The experimental results on two HSIs data sets demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods. The source code of the proposed model is available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/XinweiJiang/S3-PCA</uri> .

Bilateral toe syndactyly – short review based on a case report

Non-syndromic toe syndactyly is a regular cause of foot malformation in children, bilateral form being less common. Syndactyly release procedures had few contraindications, as uncomplicated malformation or important patient comorbidities. Reported data show that corrective surgery using skin grafts is associated with an increased risk of infection, contractures, and web creep. Reconstruction surgical techniques, using flaps reduce morbidity, revision surgery, complication, may be associated with skin grafts and have superior aesthetic and functional results. We present a case of simple bilateral incomplete asymmetric toe syndactyly, released using a modified personalized local flaps reconstruction technique. The normal function and aesthetic of the feet was obtained, with no complications at one-year follow-up.