Local Realities Research Articles

FLOOR ELEVATION SHAPE MEANING WITH VASTU AS CONTEXT IN WITANA WARD, YOGYAKARTA PALACE


 
 
 The fact that the Yogyakarta Palace is a centre and means of embodying cultural values that are still maintained and exist is proven through two aspects intangibles and tangibles. The distribution of local values reality, such as philosophy increasingly being threatened among the younger generation. From the physical revitalisation, we can understand the symbolic meaning of the Yogyakarta Palace through buildings because they contain complete symbolic meanings, especially in Witana Ward's floor elevation. What is the floor elevation shape with the steps? How is the relationship process between geometric shapes and symbolic meanings? What is the symbolic meaning of the floor elevation shape with steps? The research questions align with the urgency to formulate floor elevation shapes with the steps, formulate a relationship process between geometric shapes and symbolic meanings, and formulate the symbolic meaning of the floor elevation shape. The semiotic method with Peirce and Chandler's analytical model will be applied to study the floor elevation forms to uncover latent factors that are produced by truths under local knowledge. The result is a system consisting of three sign components, built from floor elevation shape with the steps objects that have a relationship with Vastu as context.
 
 

Leveraging Emotion for Behavior Change: Lessons from Implementation of the “Emo-Demo” Behavior Change Technique in Rural Mozambique

Innovative social behavior change communication (SBCC) can help improve child nutrition, but little is known about the process of implementing innovative nutrition SBCC strategies in resource-poor settings and associated challenges. This research study examines emotional demonstrations (Emo-Demos), interactive game-like group activities that aim to spark behavior change by pulling emotional levers. It seeks to determine whether they are feasible and acceptable for implementers and targeted community members in rural Mozambique, aiming to draw lessons for the application of similar highly interactive SBCC approaches in resource-poor settings—a key equity issue. This is done through a series of structured observations of the approach being delivered in seven communities as well as interviews with facilitators and participants. Results show the Emo-Demos were generally feasible to implement as planned and largely acceptable for both facilitators and participants. However, facilitators did not always understand the theory behind them, the importance of them being interactive, and the exact steps that needed to be followed to do them correctly. Participants universally reported enjoying the sessions and understood the lessons taught, and were able to translate them into potential behavior changes. However, few reported the expected emotional reaction to the sessions, and some had difficulty understanding the symbolic use of props in the exercises. The results underline the importance of strong training of SBCC facilitators, including on underlying theory; adapting approaches to local realities; and considering the incentives for participants to attend. These steps can help ensure high-quality SBCC that functions even in resource-poor settings, increasing intervention equity.

Training for the qualification of care management for high-risk pregnant women in Amazon, Brazil

Abstract Background Maternal care is a worldwide concern, especially at vulnerable settings, as Amazonas, Brazil, where insufficiency of training institutions and professionals and environmental issues are challenges for vulnerable pregnant women care, including indigenous and riverside population. PlanificaSUS project, which is developed nationwide aiming to support and integrate of Specialized Outpatient Care (SOC) and Primary Health Care (PHC). Objectives Between September 2022 and January 2023, the PlanificaSUS developed a training in 2 Amazonas’ municipalities to qualify work practices at PHC and SOC aiming integrality and equitable care for pregnant women. Target audience was health professionals and managers. The following care management tools were used as didactic materials: i. Clinical Guideline for Pregnancy, Childbirth and Puerperium; ii. Risk Stratification Form; iii. Care Sharing Form; and iv. Care Plan. The training last 4 hours, with 3 levels of cognitive process as learning objectives. Activity 1 (understanding): consisted of handling the presented tools and reflections based on the local reality. Activity 2 (application): participants groups simulated the use of tools in clinical cases. Activity 3 (analysis): planning actions to implement tools in local work process after training. Results 48 professionals and managers participated in the training. It was verified that participants did not know the care management tools. Preliminary 2-month results indicate that the tools were incorporated into work process of 5 PHC units. Among 167 pregnant women previously registered, 72% had been stratified using the clinical guideline and the risk stratification form. Of those, 17% were at high risk, among which 38% had the care plan and the form to share care with SOC prepared by PHC team. Conclusions The training supports care management based on population needs, allowing care qualification and greater systemic rationality, despite vulnerability and low resources. Key messages • The training enabled health professionals and managers to understand the real health needs of the population and to qualify their care practices for vulnerable pregnant women in Amazon, Brazil. • The training contributed to qualify the access and care of high-risk pregnant women and those in vulnerable situations to the specialized outpatient care integrated with the PHC in Amazon, Brazil.

Bioavailability Assessment of Metals from the Coastal Sediments of Tropical Estuaries Based on Acid-Volatile Sulfide and Simultaneously Extracted Metals

Bioavailability assessment is important for evaluating the risks to the local biota, and the combined use of several ecological risk indices in eutrophic environments allows the best analysis of the local reality for decision-making. The relationship between acid volatile sulfide (AVS) concentrations and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) allows us to infer the metal holding capacity of sediment, with the objective of evaluating the potential bioavailability of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) using ecological risk indices, such as the ΣSEM/AVS model and Adverse Effect Index (AEI), in surface sediments from Guanabara Bay and Sepetiba Bay, Brazil. AVS was determined using a colorimetric method and SEM with ICP-OES. In general, almost all sampling in Sepetiba Bay showed ΣSEM/AVS ratio values above 1. However, all results for the ΣSEM/AVS ratio found for the Guanabara Bay sediments were <1 for both estuaries. After normalization by organic carbon content, a possible toxicity risk for biota was found in Sepetiba Bay. However, the AEI in Guanabara Bay was above 1 for all metals in most samples, also indicating a risk to the biota.

Hollywood comes to Pakistan: Churails’ appropriation of Hollywood detective genre

This research study employs Bordwell, Thompson, and Staiger’s classical Hollywood narrative framework to investigate how the Pakistani web series Churails appropriates and redefines the conventions of the traditional Hollywood detective genre by incorporating local cultural and social contexts. The study’s findings provide significant insights into the emergence of new narratives in Pakistani media that draw inspiration from global genres while also reflecting local realities. The analysis contributes to the larger discourse on the global impact of the genre on contemporary media and has the potential to inform and influence media production and consumption practices, both in Pakistan and beyond.

Putting people back at the center of livelihood vulnerability analysis

The sustainable livelihoods framework is an analytical tool that allows livelihoods to be conceptualized in a holistic manner. This understanding is an important prerequisite to addressing potential vulnerabilities in people’s livelihoods. However, the framework places relatively little emphasis on people and their agency, although this aspect is central to vulnerability analysis. For example, factors hindering or enabling people’s capabilities to convert potentially available assets into desired livelihood outcomes are not explicitly disclosed in the framework. Instead, they are seen as part of the assets themselves or of site-specific processes and institutions. Accordingly, the framework is of limited use to analyze to what extent a person or group is capable of accessing a particular resource or converting them into a livelihood strategy and determining how power and power relations, as well as locally institutionalized practices and relationships, influence vulnerability. Yet, such analytical why-questions are central to the alignment of interventions that address vulnerability with people’s needs and local realities. Otherwise, there is a risk of remaining at a purely descriptive level.We propose an extension and partial redesign of the framework to better account for such dynamics and to better reflect the complex realities of peoples’ livelihoods. In particular, we propose the “personal realization capability” as a complementary component for analyzing the capability of individuals or households to convert assets into livelihood outcomes. The new component allows for a more person-centered analysis that focuses on people, their social living conditions, and the social structure surrounding them.

21st Century Accreditation

The ALA Standards for Accreditation of Master’s Programs in Library and Information Studies has undergone a significant proposed revision to foreground: program learning outcomes; place more emphasis on equity, diversity, and inclusion; eliminate redundancy; and reflect the current institutional context of LIS education and/or the needs of the profession.
 
 The revision maintains focus on: systematic planning; program level learning outcomes and curriculum; faculty; students; and infrastructure, through the maturing lens and experiences of 21st century students, educators, employers, and schools.
 
 The revised Standards are designed to be flexible enough to support a range of program modalities (primarily in-person, hybrid, primarily online), pedagogies, concentrations, and sizes, while maintaining a professional standard and expectation of program learning outcomes relevant to an evolving and expanding range of career options and opportunities.
 
 Whether library and information studies programs exist as faculties, schools, or departments, the Standards were revised to be expansive enough to support the development, implementation, and growth of robust teaching, learning, and research environments tailored to institutional strategic directions and local realities but focused on producing quality education experiences for students through common accreditation expectations. This panel brings together program and Committee on Accreditation representatives to review the aims of the revision, the process and results of the revision consultation process focused mainly within the United States, Canada, and the UK where ALA-accreditation is recognized by the Council on Higher Education Accreditation as the accreditor for the field of library and information studies, the experiences and expectations of external review panels during site visits, and the accreditation experiences of two representative schools.
 
 The panel will further explore the implementation of the revised standards, Committee on Accreditation expectations, supports available to programs from the Office of Accreditation, and initial and developing experiences in applying the revised standards. The panel will also invite comments, questions, and observations from attendees.

Covid19 Pandemic in Romania and the Impact on the Lives of Young People

The theme and the purpose of this article is to show the significant role of empathy and solidarity during our Covid-19 Pandemic in Romania, an impact increasingly essential and visible in communities and among young people, youth workers or NGOs. Actions from the simple calls or safe meetings with youth workers, to fundraising and donations campaigns organised by young people for those less fortunate ones, proved that there is someone out there willing and ready to help. According to field research carried out so far, in a few romanian NGO-s working with young people, the main areas most affected in young people’s lives are their emotional health and social skills. Many young people were deprived of human interaction they were used to before, as most activities were transferred online. The youngsters with the fewest opportunities were the group most affected. The specific risks that they are facing are social exclusion, school dropout, health and wellbeing issues, mental health issues,and even anxiety or depression. These challenges as young people seek to negotiate and navigate various transitions are economic, social, educational, personal and, in some cases, professional. Young people and those in NGOs working in this sector have developed new coping mechanisms and strategies to deal with the new circumstances and uncertainties with the help of European funds for their projects, such as European Solidarity Corps and Erasmus+ funds. Regarding the labour market, within education and in relation to learning, mobility across both formal and non-formal sectors, all activities were adapted to online or hybrid versions, eventually becoming the new normal. As one example, in an NGO that has a project called Empowering Youth Academy, young people showed resilience in the pandemic situation and did not want to give up to youth work activities, even though they had to face adversities in their families, with regards to transportation or other issues, because the youth work activities were therapeutic and motivational for them. They needed a safe space to go and be themselves. Observation of local realities in some youth NGO-s from Romania, reveal the fact that the resources young people need to better face the consequences of the pandemic are related to youth work and the need to have a youth centre as a safe space where they can find someone to listen, activities related to their needs and where they can even help those in need such as children from childcare centres through art therapy activities, boardgames, mindfulness etc. Public policies from national and European authorities that seek to ensure recovery and build back better are implemented by the national authorities, but there is a strong need for collaboration with youth workers and NGOs that know their communities deeply. Additionally, there is a need to adapt an integrated system of youth policies, youth centres and youth services after the pandemic that can also address the economic, educational, personal, professional, and mental health issues among young people due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Blog as a Pedagogical Strategy to Enhance Learning About Household Solid Waste

Background: In contemporary times, challenges in the field of education are growing, especially regarding the integration of different methods of student engagement and training. Technology emerges with possibilities for innovative strategies aimed at enhancing learning and contributing to addressing environmental issues effectively. Teachers, in their pedagogical practices, should take into account the socio-environmental reality and integrate Environmental Education for participatory interventions in environmental issues. The use of blogs in Science education enables a more engaging interaction with the content, resulting in a more meaningful and contextualised learning experience. Objectives: To develop a blog to address household solid waste management and evaluate it as a technological tool for enhancing understanding of household solid waste management. Design: The methodology employed in this research was a qualitative approach. Setting and Participants: Thirty-five students from two seventh-grade classes at São Francisco Municipal Elementary School in the municipality of Tupandi/RS. Data collection and analysis: Two questionnaires were administered to the students, one pre-activity and another post-activity, and a blog was developed in each class. The quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistical analysis, while the qualitative data were subjected to content analysis. Results: Most students had no prior experience with blogging, and their limited knowledge of the concept was associated with using the media tool as a page for posting personal life details. During the blog development, students did not encounter difficulties handling the platform's icons. The evaluation characterised the blog as a positive learning tool regarding household solid waste management, recognised by the students as meaningful in classroom practices. Conclusions: The development of blogs served as a technological and pedagogical strategy that facilitated learning about household solid waste management, connecting with the local reality and fostering a sense of ownership and responsibility among the students, aligning with one of the purposes of Environmental Education. Furthermore, the integration of the blog in Science education enabled the establishment of a collaborative and dynamic network for knowledge exchange, as well as the cultivation of skills related to digital literacy.

Managing Competition Between Legacy Television Services and Video Streaming Platforms in Hungary in the Early 2020s – a Case Study

ABSTRACT The year 2022 was a turbulent one for the audiovisual industry worldwide. In Hungary, two global streaming platforms, HBO Max and Disney+, launched their services, joining Netflix and some less popular streamers already on the scene. The content offered by these global streaming platforms has a lot in common compared to legacy television’s supply in large markets. However, few studies have focused on small markets or “digital peripheries” where the inevitable global reach of new technologies and service providers mixes with more complicated local market realities. Our study aims to extend this body of knowledge to another small, “odd market,” namely Hungary. It investigates how professionals perceive the television market in the wake of the advent of streaming in their current practice and from a strategic perspective on a small and specific national market such as Hungary. Using in-depth interviews (n = 9) with managers across organizations in the Hungarian audiovisual industry complemented by an analysis of publicly available secondary sources, our findings reveal three main clash areas in the market: established market presence, power within the supply chain, and content offering adding a potential framework for competitive analysis to studies of small media markets and the dynamics between legacy and streaming players.

Local Potential-Integrated Augmented Reality Booklet to Facilitate Student’s Curiosity and Learning Interest

Local Potential-Integrated Augmented Reality Booklet to Facilitate Student’s Curiosity and Learning Interest

A sweet deal for domestic industry: the political economy and framing of Vanuatu’s sugar-sweetened beverage tax

IntroductionThe Government of Vanuatu introduced an excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in 2015. While lauded for its alignment with the WHO’s Best Buys recommendations for addressing non-communicable diseases (NCDs),...

Stakeholders’ Perspectives of Enablers and Barriers to Successfully Implementing an Integrated Early Childhood Development Program in an Informal Urban Settlement in Kenya

Integrated early childhood development (ECD) programs boost child health and developmental outcomes. However, the factors contributing to the successful implementation of such programs in informal urban settlements are not well researched. We conducted 14 focus group discussions and 13 key informant interviews with 125 caregivers of children under the age of 5 years and stakeholders, exploring their views on enablers and barriers to implementing an integrated ECD program in an informal settlement in Kenya. Strategic engagement, capacity building, transparency, fair compensation of ECD workforce, communication skills, and the need to tailor ECD programs to local realities were discussed. An equity-focused implementation approach for integrated ECD programs is timely.

Émigrants et réviseurs scolaires dans la Valachie de la première moitié du XIXe-siècle: transfert intellectuel et construction nationale. Étude de cas: Ioan Maiorescu

The 19th century redefined the place of nations within empires. Enlightenment ideas of mother-tongue education, natural rights and liberty join the imperial center’s aim to attract loyalties, gain allegiance, create economic wealth and educate a citizenry attached to the state. In south-eastern Europe, the fragile coexistence of three empires (Ottoman, Russian and Austrian) was disrupted by the way in which the neighboring ethnic groups intended to adjust the Enlightenment ideas to suit the development of their own cultures. The present study traces the transfers brought by the Transylvanian intellectual émigrés to the field of education from Austrian Transylvania to the neighboring Ottoman principality of Wallachia. Coming from the ranks of the Greek Catholic intellectuals – an intermediary stratum between the imperial center, the privileged aristocracy and the majority of Romanian peasants – they pursued, at the same time, their professional development and the rise of literacy in Wallachia. As school inspectors, they intervened administratively and pedagogically in the school network recently established in Wallachia. Their leader, Ioan Maiorescu, questioned the Russian-style model of modernization and called for adapting Western models to the local reality to further the aim of cultural emancipation

21st Century Accreditation

The ALA Standards for Accreditation of Master’s Programs in Library and Information Studies has undergone a significant proposed revision to foreground: program learning outcomes; place more emphasis on equity, diversity, and inclusion; eliminate redundancy; and reflect the current institutional context of LIS education and/or the needs of the profession.
 
 The revision maintains focus on: systematic planning; program level learning outcomes and curriculum; faculty; students; and infrastructure, through the maturing lens and experiences of 21st century students, educators, employers, and schools.
 
 The revised Standards are designed to be flexible enough to support a range of program modalities (primarily in-person, hybrid, primarily online), pedagogies, concentrations, and sizes, while maintaining a professional standard and expectation of program learning outcomes relevant to an evolving and expanding range of career options and opportunities.
 
 Whether library and information studies programs exist as faculties, schools, or departments, the Standards were revised to be expansive enough to support the development, implementation, and growth of robust teaching, learning, and research environments tailored to institutional strategic directions and local realities but focused on producing quality education experiences for students through common accreditation expectations. This panel brings together program and Committee on Accreditation representatives to review the aims of the revision, the process and results of the revision consultation process focused mainly within the United States, Canada, and the UK where ALA-accreditation is recognized by the Council on Higher Education Accreditation as the accreditor for the field of library and information studies, the experiences and expectations of external review panels during site visits, and the accreditation experiences of two representative schools.
 
 The panel will further explore the implementation of the revised standards, Committee on Accreditation expectations, supports available to programs from the Office of Accreditation, and initial and developing experiences in applying the revised standards. The panel will also invite comments, questions, and observations from attendees.

THE IMPORTANCE OF YOUTH PROTAGONISM FOR HIGH SCHOOL

Scientific studies seek to understand the effects of youth protagonism in the educational environment, as well as analyzing the most relevant issues of this phenomenon, such as the need to make the curriculum more flexible and contextualize teaching with the local reality of young people. In this context, the objective of the present study is to analyze the importance of practices that promote youth protagonism in high school. To achieve this objective, a bibliographical review of theses, dissertations and scientific articles collected on Google Scholar was carried out, using the keywords: youth protagonism and high school, in addition to books that deal with this topic. The research indicates that youth protagonism worked in high school is a tool that transforms the learner into a more critical and reflective autonomous subject in the face of the knowledge disseminated in the classroom and in training itineraries that aim to make the curriculum more flexible.

How global narratives shape local management: A history of fire in the tropical savannas of Belize and Guyana

AbstractThe suppression of anthropogenic fire is an important legacy of European colonisation worldwide. Fire suppression has undermined human livelihoods and fire‐dependent ecologies. Belize and Guyana are the only former British colonies on the mainland of Central and South America. Both countries have fire‐dependent tropical savanna ecosystems, where fire is used within local livelihoods, for example, for hunting. We compare the creation and implementation of savanna fire suppression and management policies and projects by agencies in twentieth to twenty‐first‐century Belize and Guyana, and the extent to which global environmental narratives have shaped this process. In both countries, a picture emerges of weak state efforts to control fire, largely driven by economic concerns. In colonial Belize, the state made intermittent attempts to suppress or manage savanna fires in limited areas, owing to interest in pine forestry. In Guyana, the colonial state did not attempt to control fires, given economic interest in cattle ranching, and the remoteness of the savannas. Since 2000, both states have developed new fire policies, and state agencies, conservation non‐governmental organisations and Indigenous advocacy groups have won funding for fire‐related projects. We show that these contemporary policies and projects, like those of the colonial period, primarily financed by inconsistent international funding, continue to lean heavily on international discourses about fire that make assumptions about fire problems and propose solutions incompatible with local realities. Understanding the local geography, ecology and politics, and recognising the ways colonial fire legacies altered, and continue to impact these places, could inform more just and productive approaches to working with local fire users in Belize, Guyana and beyond.

Unexpected Expansion of Rare-Earth Element Mining Activities in the Myanmar–China Border Region

Mining for rare earth elements is rapidly increasing, driven by current and projected demands for information and energy technologies. Following China’s Central Government’s 2012 strategy to shift away from mining in favor of value-added processing, primary extraction has increased outside of China. Accordingly, changes in mineral exploitation in China and Myanmar have garnered considerable attention in the past decade. The prevailing assumption is that mining in China has decreased while mining in Myanmar has increased, but the dynamic in border regions is more complex. Our empirical study used Google Earth Engine (GEE) to characterize changes in mining surface footprints between 2005 and 2020 in two rare earth mines located on either side of the Myanmar–China border, within Kachin State in northern Myanmar and Nujiang Prefecture in Yunnan Province in China. Our results show that the extent of the mining activities increased by 130% on China’s side and 327% on Myanmar’s side during the study period. We extracted surface reflectance images from 2005 and 2010 from Landsat 5 TM and 2015 and 2020 images from Landsat 8 OLI. The Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) was applied to dense time-series imagery to enhance landcover categories. Random Forest was used to categorize landcover into mine and non-mine classes with an overall accuracy of 98% and a Kappa Coefficient of 0.98, revealing an increase in mining extent of 2.56 km2, covering the spatial mining footprint from 1.22 km2 to 3.78 km2 in 2005 and 2020, respectively, within the study area. We found a continuous decrease in non-mine cover, including vegetation. Both mines are located in areas important to ethnic minority groups, agrarian livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and regional watersheds. The finding that mining surface areas increased on both sides of the border is significant because it shows that national-level generalizations do not align with local realities, particularly in socially and environmentally sensitive border regions. The quantification of such changes over time can help researchers and policymakers to better understand the shifting geographies and geopolitics of rare earth mining, the environmental dynamics in mining areas, and the particularities of mineral extraction in border regions.

The many paths for an open, participatory, and inclusive science

Watch VIDEO. Societies are facing unprecedented challenges due to human-induced climate change. In order to understand, cope with and halt global warming, we need to understand the science behind its causes and impacts and to identify reliable sources of information. Science and scientists play a crucial role in this process and are called to the forefront of new relational practices for engaging the public and helping citizens develop scientific competences to participate in contemporary societies. Empowering individuals with sustainable-oriented knowledge, skills and values is vital for an active citizenship towards sustainability. Moreover, promoting dialogic channels between science and society encourages a more critical view of current challenges and science-oriented attitudes. Participatory methodologies can play an essential role in this context as they entail the inclusion of citizens in research and/or knowledge production and a closer contact with local and global realities. I will discuss different paths taken in national and international research projects to promote the inclusion of citizens in science. I will focus on two examples. One related to how citizen science can be used in educational contexts to reconfigure schools as collaborative ecosystems, part of a network that connects teachers, students, and scientists, who share the responsibility to identify problems, think about possible solutions, reflect on existing knowledge, collect new evidence, and integrate different perspectives. Results show positive impacts on a personal and academic level, with participants declaring higher self-esteem and a deeper understanding of the scientific process and social and environmental issues. A second example concerns dialogical and arts-based strategies to include academic, political, and activist stakeholders in the public debate on the opportunities and challenges of biotechnology. These strategies are framed within a concept of engaged citizen social science, considering that engagement with science should be bidirectional, where both scientists and the public are committed to establishing an effective dialogue between different forms of knowledge to co-create new meanings and impacts for project outcomes. It is also rooted in interdisciplinary dialogues through interaction between the disciplinary fields of the partners and the individuals involved in the social dialogue to create a shared vocabulary and contribute to a transformative impact of the project on social realities. The planned art-based approaches to science will help facilitate participation through more dynamic, creative, and meaningful engagement and greater understanding of different worldviews, thoughts, and understandings. Preliminary results suggest a greater awareness of the different dimensions related to the development and (unanticipated) impacts of new technology by the scientists and the artists involved in this co-creation process.

A Comparative Policy Analysis for Cross-border M&A between China and Africa that Advances China's Leading Position in Mining

China is still looking for resources and has recently engaged in aggressive cross-border M&A in the mining industry. Per China's 14th Five-Year Plan, the resource plan builds the foundation of China's rapid industrial development and growing economy. In recent years, it has been observed that acquisitions are focusing more on emerging markets' resources, such as Africa. Despite the negative effect of the pandemic, which cooled down cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs) in the mining industry, mining M&A's strategic importance to global industrial development makes it a major area of study. This phenomenon of mining M&A becoming China's story is closely related to economic policies and regulations in China and Africa. Hence, this article develops a comparative analysis of the different procedures in China and critical geographies in Africa that affects China's unceasingly expanding mining industry through acquisitions in Africa. Through comparative research analysis, we find that Chinas One Belt One Road Initiative (BRI) promotes CBMAs and investments in Africa and reduces operational barriers in policies and technology. The CBMAs success relies on a thorough understanding of local rules, major players, and legal policies in both nations. African countries have worked to improve their mining codes and raised their devotion to ESG to attract foreign investments. The inference is that Africa still possesses a great untapped potential for Chinese investors in the mining sector who understands the local market realities and can alleviate risks.