Local Public Organizations Research Articles

Labor lacuna: Disjunctures between local climate action and workforce development in advancing just transitions

ABSTRACT U.S. cities have launched expansive climate action initiatives, often touting these efforts’ economic development and job creation benefits. However, without creating the conditions for high-quality jobs and improved access and inclusion, climate mitigation initiatives may be shaped by neoliberal labor principles that sustain inequality. Drawing upon just transition, economic development, and workforce planning literature, we examine the role of workforce development in municipal climate mitigation efforts. Using Austin, Texas, as a critical case, and interviews with local public and non-profit organizations, we illustrate robust green job growth in a range of occupations can provide access to career-building, quality jobs for economically disenfranchised residents. Our case demonstrates that when state policies hamper just transition efforts, local government actions can still shape better outcomes. These case study insights can extend to numerous urban regions where state government policies work strongly against joining climate action and equitable economic development.

Intended Involvement – How Public Organizations Struggle to Become Co-producers of New Public Values

The paper is guided by the question of how public organizations can adapt to include citizens as co-producers of public values. To answer it, eleven researchers and civil servants, all involved in the transformation of a collaborative platform encompassinga university and four different public organizations, formed a collaborative and boundary-spanning author. Building on personal expertise and situated organizational experiences we conclude that public organizations do not adapt except for specific confined areas where they can still control and command outcomes important to them. Hence, public organizations struggle to become co-producers of new public values. From the process, we also conclude that academics and civil servants together writing an academic article cannot be viewed as a fertile common ground for equal collaboration and co-production. Nevertheless, it might still work as an interesting boundary-spanning activity for arriving at shared understandings and important insights on for instance whyorganizational moves from intended to actual involvement appear difficult.

Демократична модель трансформації культурного ландшафту міста

Background. The analysis of the city's cultural landscape allows investigation of features and the context of local culture. The hybrid organization of the city as a media-architectural complex, and the involvement of city residents in the processes of making administrative decisions in various forms create a field for a democratic model of transformation of the cities' cultural landscapes. This model provides not just residents' free access to the city space but also their active participation in making decisions about its use and making changes. Methods. The methods of empirical analysis, systematization, generalization, and comparison of the obtained data, as well as the description of the obtained results, were used. Results. The cultural landscape of the city is the result of the interaction of various actors – local self-government, public organizations, enterprises, creative industries, and residents. Changes in politics, economy, and society can contribute to the development of new ideas and approaches to the cultural landscape of the city that reflect current needs and values. The democratic model of a city's cultural landscape development requires an effective communication system between all actors. The media play here a key role by shaping the perception, idea, and public opinion of urban space, and influencing decision-making in this domain. In the context of the studied model of the city's cultural landscape development, the media have an important task of ensuring openness and availability of information about various initiatives and projects implemented in the city. They help involve citizens in discussions, consultations, and public debates on city development issues, and promote the formation of common development goals and strategies. Conclusions. It was defined that the development of a democratic model of the city's cultural landscape transformation is important for ensuring sustainable urban development and improving the residents' quality of life. The media play an important role in creating an open and transparent urban environment that promotes the active participation of citizens in decision-making processes and shaping the city's cultural landscape. Their role is to ensure wide access to information, facilitate an open exchange of views and ideas, and support dialogue between all stakeholders in urban development. Local residents as social actors can make deep changes in the city's cultural landscape structure. This plays a positive role for local democracies and the culture of interaction because local actors are the most interested party when a local-level problem acquires a high level of complexity.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТОДІВ БРЕНД- І PR-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ В РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ ТУРОПЕРЕЙТИНГУ

The article examines modern methods of brand and PR management and their application in the context of regional tour operating. Brand management is an important tool for increasing the recognition and attractiveness of a tourist product. This includes creating a unique image that distinguishes a certain tourist destination or service from competitors. A successful brand helps to create an emotional connection with the target audience, which contributes to the growth of loyalty and long-term relationships with customers. PR management in tour operating is aimed at managing public opinion and forming a positive image of the region as a tourist destination. This is achieved through active interaction with the mass media, holding press conferences, participation in tourist exhibitions, organization of information tours for journalists and bloggers. An important aspect is also the management of crisis situations and the minimization of the negative impact of unforeseen events on the reputation of the region. Regional tour operating focused on a specific geographic area has its own specific challenges and advantages. One of the main tasks is the formation of a holistic image of the region, which includes cultural, historical and natural features. An important role is played by cooperation with local authorities, enterprises and public organizations, which allows for the creation of complex tourist products. Effective use of brand and PR strategies helps to attract more tourists, increase the competitiveness of the region and increase income from tourism. It is also important to take into account current trends and innovations in marketing, such as the use of digital platforms, social networks and influencers. The article analyzes specific examples of the successful application of brand and PR management in different regions of the world, which allows to determine the best practices and adapt them to the conditions of domestic tour operating. Particular attention is paid to methods of measuring the effectiveness of brand and PR campaigns, which allows us to assess their impact on the development of regional tourism. In addition, the prospects for the development of brand and PR management in the conditions of globalization and digital transformation are considered. Attention is paid to the role of technologies in the creation of interactive content, virtual tours and other innovative approaches that make the tourist product more attractive to the modern consumer. In general, the article emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to the use of brand and PR management methods in regional tour operating, which is a key success factor in conditions of high competition in the tourism market.

Розробка і впровадження нових організаційних структур в публічному секторі

Розробка і впровадження нових організаційних структур в публічному секторі

Developing a concept for the economic and social management of a city with due account for the predicted industrial development

Subject. Theoretical, methodological, and practical issues related to the economic and social management of the city with due account of the predicted values of the industrial development.Objectives. Justification of scientific and methodological provisions of a conceptual nature related to urban management and solving local social problems by forecasting the level of industrial development.Methodology. The authors put forward a hypothesis: if the level of industrial development is forecasted accurately, it is possible to plan upcoming changes in the main economic and social indicators of the municipal economy. Theoretically, the hypothesis is based on the method of logical scaling and synthesis of scientific and practical knowledge. Statistical studies were conducted using the method of econometric and financial analysis based on socio-economic indicators of industrial cities in the Southern Federal District of Russia for the period from 2013 to 2022. Forecasting for the subsequent periods is based on an applied approach to constructing estimates of the quasi-maximal likelihood of the level of industrial development, which was carried out using the theory of stochastic differential equations based on methods of probabilistic forecasting.Results and discussion. As a result of the study, it was substantiated that municipal management contributes to the production of material goods and to harmonisation of socio-economic relations between local authorities, businesses, public organisations, and individuals, which are interrelated with the level of industrial development of a city. The developed applied approach to constructing estimates of the quasi-maximal likelihood of values of socio-economic parameters makes it possible to forecast the level of industrial development of cities in the Russian Federation. Point and interval forecasts lay the foundation for planning economic and other indicators. The concept of economic and social management of administrative-territorial units was proposed. The mandatory socio-economic blocks of the concept were supplemented with the functionality of prediction modelling, which requires further discussion, critical understanding, and subsequent improvement. Future changes in local industrial policy need to be analysed and evaluated in terms of their effectiveness in the context of structural modernisation of the economic and organisational mechanism for urban and social management of the city.

Food inequality in Kharkiv during the war: an overview of causes, manifestations and ways to overcome

The article presents one of the aspects of the working theme of the Kharkiv team of the Fusilli project, namely, a general overview of the concept and phenomenon of food inequality as one of the forms of manifestation of general social inequality, as a process that outlines unequal and uneven access for different groups in different periods of time to benefits and resources necessary for the full reproduction of vital forces and provision of opportunities for personal development. Food inequality is problematized as a concept necessary to describe and explain the state of the city of Kharkiv under the conditions of a full-scale invasion at three stages: (1) the availability of food products as such in the Kharkiv region; (2) access to goods, that is, the very possibility of purchasing goods in one or another quantity and quality; (3) use of the goods, which are related to the possibility of consumption of the necessary goods. The concept and phenomenon of food inequality is correlated with other forms of social inequality, and an instrumental definition of the main causes and manifestations of food inequality is proposed. A general assessment of the state of food inequality in Ukraine is given and preliminary results of the author's sociological research are given. The article also reviews international, national and local initiatives aimed at solving the problem of food inequality, in particular the policies of central and local authorities, grant programs from foreign companies, the activities of local and international public, volunteer and charitable organizations. The authors come to the conclusion that the possibilities of solving the problem of food security exclusively by economic means and tools are limited, since it is a complex problem that requires a systematic solution involving not only economic, but also political, ecological, cultural, informational, etc. levers.

A resilience view on health system resilience: a scoping review of empirical studies and reviews

BackgroundPrompted by recent shocks and stresses to health systems globally, various studies have emerged on health system resilience. Our aim is to describe how health system resilience is operationalised within empirical studies and previous reviews. We compare these to the core conceptualisations and characteristics of resilience in a broader set of domains (specifically, engineering, socio-ecological, organisational and community resilience concepts), and trace the different schools, concepts and applications of resilience across the health literature.MethodsWe searched the Pubmed database for concepts related to ‘resilience’ and ‘health systems’. Two separate analyses were conducted for included studies: a total of n = 87 empirical studies on health system resilience were characterised according to part of health systems covered, type of threat, resilience phase, resilience paradigm, and approaches to building resilience; and a total of n = 30 reviews received full-text review and characterised according to type of review, resilience concepts identified in the review, and theoretical framework or underlying resilience conceptualisation.ResultsThe intersection of health and resilience clearly has gained importance in the academic discourse with most papers published since 2018 in a variety of journals and in response to external threats, or in reference to more frequent hospital crisis management. Most studies focus on either resilience of health systems generally (and thereby responding to an external shock or stress), or on resilience within hospitals (and thereby to regular shocks and operations). Less attention has been given to community-based and primary care, whether formal or informal. While most publications do not make the research paradigm explicit, ‘resilience engineering’ is the most prominent one, followed by ‘community resilience’ and ‘organisational resilience’. The social-ecological systems roots of resilience find the least application, confirming our findings of the limited application of the concept of transformation in the health resilience literature.ConclusionsOur review shows that the field is fragmented, especially in the use of resilience paradigms and approaches from non-health resilience domains, and the health system settings in which these are used. This fragmentation and siloed approach can be problematic given the connections within and between the complex and adaptive health systems, ranging from community actors to local, regional, or national public health organisations to secondary care. Without a comprehensive definition and framework that captures these interdependencies, operationalising, measuring and improving resilience remains challenging.

GENDER EQUALITY IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to consider methodological approaches to building a gender sensitive community that would be a comfortable place for residents to live, in particular, to characterize the types of gender analysis and analyze its various methods that have proven themselves to be efficient abroad and are tested in Ukraine; develop an algorithm for assessing the gender impact of a local self-government progra or policy. Design/methodology/approach. Various general scientific and special research methods are used to solve the tasks set in the work. The abstract and logical method is used for theoretical generalizations, the definition of main categories and concepts, and the formation of research conclusions. The methods of analysis and synthesis are used to characterize the concept of gender and features of gender inequality in local self-government bodies. The structural and functional method made it possible to distinguish the kinds of gender analysis in local self-government. The comparative analysis helped study different methods of gender analysis, which have proven themselves to be efficient abroad and are tested in Ukraine. Conclusions. The kinds of gender analysis are characterized and various methods of its implementation, which have proven themselves to be efficient abroad and are tested in Ukraine, are analyzed. In particular, it is found that the most common method is the assessment of a gender impact; the indicators and main groups of indices used in the specified method are considered. The developed algorithm for assessing the gender impact of a local self-government program or policy makes it possible to systematize and comprehensively assess and reduce the presence of gender gaps with the help of such tools as gender budgeting, and a gender profile (passport) of the community. The concept of the implementation of a gender approach to local self-government is generalized. Originality/value. Gender assessment begins with defining problems and goals, and identifying gender gaps. The identified needs and problems are assessed in the next step, whether they can be solved with the help of developed programs and practices. The proposed indicators and indices will allow determining how the developed programs affected the reduction of gender gaps. It is researched that in practice such an assessment is reduced to the analysis of gender balance/imbalance in the personnel composition of communities, the assessment of the gender sensitivity of documents (whether there are feminine gender-specific job titles, whether the documents take into account the interests of men and women, boys and girls, including vulnerable categories, etc.), the formation of a gender-sensitive space in the community. Practical results. The materials presented in the article will be useful to local self-government bodies, public organizations, activists, and everyone interested in the issue of gender equality.

БІБЛІОГРАФІЧНИЙ ПОКАЖЧИК НАУКОВИХ ПРАЦЬ З РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ

The author has proposed a bibliographic index of scientific works on rehabilitation, which are conditionally divided according to the following thematic areas: rehabilitation from the consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident; activities of rehabilitation centers; various types of rehabilitation; rehabilitation of combatants; rehabilitation of children and youth; naturopathy; rehabilitation of people with disabilities; inclusive tourism.The index will be useful to scientists, teachers of higher education institutions, students, master's students, postgraduates, specialists-practitioners in the field of rehabilitation, local self-government bodies, public organizations and everyone who is interested in the field of rehabilitation.

МАЛОМОБІЛЬНІ ГРУПИ НАСЕЛЕННЯ: МІЖНАРОДНІ ТА НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ АСПЕКТИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ

The article examines the essence of the category of population groups with low mobility in terms of legal regulation at the international and national level. It was noted that depending on age and health status, any person at different periods of his/her life can be classified as a low-mobility population group. Therefore, one of the urgent problems of today is the problem of creating equal opportunities for all members of society in all spheres of social life. The main problems with regard to the population groups with low mobility are emphasized as the imperfection of the legislative and normative regulation of issues of providing an accessible environment for the population groups with low mobility; the issue of creating conditions for the formation of an accessible living environment for such groups; lack or ineffectiveness of coordination and interaction of state authorities, local self-government bodies, businesses and public organizations in the field of creating an accessible environment. International standards do not contain the concept of “population groups with low mobility” and the list of persons belonging to this category. However, the creation of a real barrier-free space for groups with limited mobility is one of the primary requirements in connection with the ratification of the European Social Charter (revised), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the other. In Ukraine, the legal basis for the definition of the concept of “population groups with low mobility” and the list of persons belonging to them is the Law of Ukraine “On Regulation of Urban Development Activities”, the National Strategy for the Creation of a Barrier-Free Space in Ukraine for the Period up to 2030, State Building Regulations and other normative and legal acts. Key words: population groups with low mobility, international standards, barrier-free space, normative and legal acts.

Reinventing the Division of Labour? How Organisational and Micro-Level Factors Influence Work in Local Public Welfare Organisations

Abstract Many professions in the public sector, such as healthcare staff, social welfare officers and teachers are experiencing a heavier workload and an increasing number of work tasks of growing complexity. This study examines the policy tendency to introduce a stricter division of labour, by delegating lower status tasks professionals preform to assistants, as a key to reduce public sector workload. In contrast, the public sector has been subject to organisational reforms the past 20–30 years resulting in a reduced division of labour among professions. This article explores the reversibility of the division of labour within a local public sector context, and it demonstrates how different micro-level factors may promote or counteract changes in the division of labour at the workplace. A main contribution is the prospect to rethink the capacity of organisational work-related reforms in professional settings directed at processes of division of labour in local public organisations.

Competencies for Public Health Professionals and Epidemiologists Who Detect and Investigate Enteric Disease Outbreaks.

Food safety progress depends on the ability of public health agencies to detect and investigate foodborne disease outbreaks. The Integrated Food Safety Centers of Excellence identify and implement best practices and serve as resources for public health professionals who investigate enteric disease outbreaks. To target the needs of this diverse workforce, the Integrated Food Safety Centers of Excellence developed and assessed a professional tier framework and competencies. We described the characteristics of public health professionals who investigate enteric disease outbreaks in the epidemiology role in a conceptual tiered framework. We mapped core competencies to each tier and disseminated a survey to practitioners at local (June 2019) and state (August 2018) US public health agencies to evaluate the importance and frequency of each competency. We developed 15 competencies on surveillance, outbreak detection, interview skills, investigation team, specimen testing, data analysis, hypothesis generation, study design, communication, enteric disease biology, control measures, legal authority, quality improvement, environmental health, and reporting to surveillance. The 286 survey respondents selected interview skills, surveillance, control measures, and hypothesis generation as the competencies most important to their work and most frequently performed. The Integrated Food Safety Centers of Excellence created the first published workforce framework and competencies for public health professionals who detect and investigate enteric disease outbreaks in the epidemiology role, in collaboration with local, state, and federal public health agencies and national organizations. These tools have been integrated into existing programs and can be used to develop training curricula, assess workforce competency over time, and identify priorities for continuing education and training.

PUBLIC SECTOR YOUTH INITIATIVES IN NON-FORMAL EDUCATION

The public sector is an important part of modern society. Important and great work in all spheres of activity is traced from the public sector. Youth initiatives, youth work are initiated and implemented by public organizations, unions, and associations. The purpose of the article: to theoretically and practically substantiate the peculiarities of youth initiatives of the public sector in non-formal education. The following methods are used in the research: analysis, comparison and generalization of sources from the researched problem. The article reveals the peculiarities of the implementation of youth policy at the regional and local levels; the need and purpose of the formation and development of youth in accordance with the National Youth Strategy is specified; according to the Laws of Ukraine "On the Basic Principles of Youth Policy", "On Public Associations" the concepts of "public organization" and "youth public organization" are defined; the personal and professional development program "State Creator" and others were analyzed; features of the activities of the Association of Youth Centers of Ukraine, the Association of Youth Workers of Ukraine, the All-Ukrainian Youth Center and the implementation of their non-formal education projects are presented; scientific sources on the problems of development of various types of non-formal education were analyzed; the conclusions of the study are summarized. Informal education as a youth initiative of the public sector is an open opportunity for professional and personal development of young people. This best experience is implemented by the All-Ukrainian Youth Center, the Association of Youth Workers of Ukraine, regional and local youth centers, spaces, hubs, public organizations and associations through the programs "Youth Worker", "Management of Youth Centers", "Prokachay", "Active Citizens" etc.

Development support of agricultural cooperation in Ukraine by public institutions

Problem statement. It is important to encourage entrepreneurial activity in various areas for the development of rural areas. One of the means of boosting local economic development is to promote the formation and development of agricultural cooperatives. Analysis of recent research and publications. In order to create effective conditions for the development of agricultural cooperatives, scientists and experts suggested the following ways: informational support of the agricultural cooperative movement by the state; easing tax pressure; strengthening cooperation between agricultural cooperatives and higher education institutions; using international experience of cooperation between commodity producers; development of advisory and consulting services in the field of functioning of agricultural cooperatives, etc. Under the conditions of war and in the post-war period, the proposals given by FAO specialists are relevant, in particular: to include small landowners and cooperatives, especially those located in the affected areas, in sustainable production chains. In general, a wide range of experts and scientists considered the topic of the activities of agricultural cooperatives in Ukraine. At the same time, the practice of cooperatives functioning in Ukraine and changes in legislation require reasonable proposals to support the development of agricultural cooperation. Highlighting the previously unsolved parts of the general problem. Opportunities detection for support from various public institutions and improving legislation are important areas of research regarding the further development of agricultural cooperation in Ukraine. Presentation of the main material. In November 2020, the updated law of Ukraine “On agricultural cooperation” came into force. The new law defines that members of an agricultural cooperative can choose whether to be a profitable organization or to work with no purpose of making a profit. The generated profit can be reinvested in promising business initiatives. The additional opportunities that producers receive through participation in agricultural cooperatives are primarily related to facilitating the product’s sale. One of the advantages is the possibility of joint financing by participants of agricultural cooperatives of product storage processes. Various public institutions can contribute to agricultural cooperation development in accordance with their capabilities. Thus, experts suggest that the Agricultural Exchange consider the possibility of accreditation of agricultural cooperatives under a simplified system and provide them with holidays to pay the exchange fee. There is a positive experience of assistance in the formation and development of agricultural cooperatives by advisory services. Agricultural cooperatives receive additional opportunities to access material and financial resources thanks to international technical assistance. The result of such assistance is not only an increase in revenues to local budgets from the operation of business entities but also the creation of new jobs and the unification of people living in territorial communities. It will be advisable to identify in the territorial community a person, responsible for consulting and training on agricultural cooperation in the context of expanding the powers of local self-government bodies. An example of cooperation between public organizations, experts, and local governments is their participation in the EU4Business International Technical Assistance Program: Competitiveness and Internationalization of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in 2021–2022. It is also planned to conduct a series of training on the development of entrepreneurship, including agricultural cooperation at the following program stages. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Since local self-government bodies and public organizations are the closest to entrepreneurship, their activity and communication with the population of rural areas can contribute to the expansion of the development of agricultural cooperation. Expert consulting services in the field of agricultural cooperation development can be provided by educational institutions, advisory services, various public organizations, and other public institutions. Further research should be directed to the dissemination of the territorial communities' experience where agricultural cooperatives are successfully functioning.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ТА УПРАВЛІННЯ НАГОРОДНОЮ СПРАВОЮ В УКРАЇНІ У ВОЄННИЙ ТА ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОДИ

The article examines the peculiarities of the development of the award case in the conditions of the war and in the post-war period. It has been studied that in the conditions of war, one of the important levers for raising the efficiency of the organization as production, social coexistence, defense work, social development is the reward factor and tools, which are formed on the basis of the state ideological doctrine, the political situation, the state of socio-economic development, and the personnel policy of the state in the sectoral and territorial spheres and the scientific validity of management decisions in this specific area. The reward policy as a component of the formation of the management strategy for the future, in the post-war period in the context of Ukraine's accession to the EU and NATO, is a derivative of the implemented general strategy of the state's development. As a rule, the direct object of the award case in the state administration is not only the personnel potential of state authorities, industry and territorial sectors of the national economy, but also, of course, the personnel of the civil service, local self-government bodies, and society. Actually, these circumstances determined the expediency of the formation of organizational and economic mechanisms for the management of award activities, and with their use it is necessary to coordinate and establish relationships (the work of the public sector of Ukraine, we mean the award department of the President's office), executive bodies of the state and local self-government bodies, territorial communities and public organizations in war and post-war (for the future) circumstances, both in the industry and in the territorial sectors of the National Economy. The article attempts to determine the reasons for the ineffectiveness of reward policy, at the current stage, and proposes an updated system of reward principles and ways to solve this problem in the war and post-war period in the context of our country's accession to NATO and the EU. The development of a scientifically based, clear and transparent reward management system is an urgent need of Ukrainian society, the most important prerequisite for strengthening the state, strengthening its defense positions, restoring the national economy and preparing for joining the EU and NATO.

The role of LMX and organizational climate in improving performance and effectiveness of local public administration: evidence from the Metropolis GZM

Since the 1990s, along with the transformation of public administration and the emergence of new concepts of public management, the improvement of organisational effectiveness and performance (OEP) of local public administration has become an important goal of regional policies in many countries. The OEP of local public administration has started to be considered as an essential factor affecting the process of regional socio-economic development. However, to improve the performance of local public administration, factors influencing the OEP of public administration organizations need to be determined. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to identify how such factors as the quality of relations between leaders and subordinates as well as learning climate influence the OEP of public administration organizations.
 Method/approach: The paper presents the results of a survey research conducted among 153 employees of municipal offices in the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis (i.e. Metropolis GZM). A model of relationships between LMX, organizational learning climate, and the OEP was examined with the use of Structural Equation Modeling and path analysis.
 Findings: It was found that the LMX affected the OEP only indirectly through its impact on organizational learning climate which in turn influences the OEP. Therefore, the study also revealed that organizational learning climate mediated the relationship between the LMX and the OEP.
 Originality: The presented results of the study have provided empirical evidence regarding the influence of LMX and organizational climate on the OEP of public organizations which was hitherto absent in the literature on the subject. A novel conclusion from this study is that the high quality of relationships between leaders and subordinates and organizational learning climate improve the OEP of local public administration organizations. Highly effective local public administration can become a driver of the regional development promoting new ideas, innovation and local incentives.

EVALUATION OF ACCESSIBILITY COMMUTER-LINE STATION WITH JITNEY TRANSPORTATION MODES BY USING GIS APPLICATION-A CASE STUDY OF DEPOK STATION

This research aims to evaluate the aspects that can increase the Station's service area by maximising the integrated Jitney as the other public transportation modes that can increase reachability for the people near the Station. Evaluating the accessibility of some stations in the Depok area is needed to identify the infrastructure upgrading priorities, such as providing pedestrian roads and giving better access to the Station to increase the Station's service area. The methodology used in this research is analysing method using a GIS application to assess and discover the pattern of travel behaviour for public transport in the Depok municipality area. The GIS Database Design in this research uses the Spatial Database and Attribute Database, which are integrated with the QGIS application to become Maps for the service area of public transportation in the Depok Municipality. The road network in Depok municipality is dominated by the jitney route as intracity public transportation, which travels on the arterial and collector road. Then the railway is located in the central area of Depok that stretches from South to North. There are some areas that do not have access to jitney services due to this residential area being far from the arterial and collector road travelled by Jitney. Looking at its planning for jitneys in the Depok area, the availability of jitneys follows the demand of the passenger population, and there are no travel analyses from the Transportation Department of Depok Municipality or local public transport organisations (ORGANDA) as private jitney operators. The ineffective jitney route planning is the other reason that there are some uncovered residential areas from public transport access. Subsequently, there are different travel time characteristics among four commuter line stations in the Depok Municipality area. The Citayam and New Depok Stations have wider access for pedestrians which these two stations have a more extensive service area than Old Depok Station, whereas Old Depok Station has restricted access to the west area of this Station. The rearrangement of the Station access is needed, especially for Old Depok Station, by adding road access on the west side to increase the service area of the Station.

Public Spaces, Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: Connecting Disabled Entrepreneurs to Urban Spaces

In the UK and in many other countries, the lack of support for disabled entrepreneurs is an economic, cultural, and societal issue. This is because while disabled entrepreneurs belong to and contribute to public spaces, there are often barriers to their full engagement in the local economy. Where interaction is well established, such entrepreneurs add to the cultural richness of places, to personal and societal well-being and economically by wealth creation. The goal of the study is to identify what can be done to overcome the marginalisation of disabled entrepreneurs, which leads to increased local equality of opportunity, thereby adding to the diversity of local economies and, thus, to a more inclusive society. However, as the evidence from this study of the geography of specialised networks which support disabled entrepreneurs in the UK shows, the entrepreneurial capacity of public spaces (inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems) for disabled entrepreneurs is better in some places and entirely absent in others. It is this local dimension that has been missing in other studies of disabled entrepreneurs. By focusing on the formal networks that have been established to support disabled entrepreneurs rather than the entrepreneurs themselves, the particular knowledge gap that this paper addresses is the importance of the networks in making those connections and bringing about systemic change in urban spaces. They do this in three ways. They provide access to resources that disabled entrepreneurs need to start and grow a business; in turn, they need to engage with other local public and private sector organisations in order to sustain their own activities, and by their role as advocates on behalf of their members through their leadership, they increase the visibility of disabled entrepreneurs within urban spaces. The contribution to academic literature is to explore the interconnection between the agency of particular organisations to improve inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems and overcome embedded exclusion within urban spaces. Examples from the UK and from the USA provide empirical insights into what can be done.

Social support of veterans of the Russian-Ukrainian war and their families during the war and post-war period

The increase in the number of veterans/veterans in connection with the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine has exacerbated the issue of developing effective mechanisms for their social support at the state level. The article offers its own understanding of the content of social support; the results of the study of the available domestic and foreign experience in the organization of social support for veterans in the activities of primary state and communal institutions are highlighted; the work prospects of state and communal institutions of relevant ministries (the Ministry of Defense, the Ministry of Veterans Affairs and the Ministry of Social Policy) regarding the implementation of social support for veterans of the Russian-Ukrainian war and their families were developed and highlighted. It is noted that social support is a set of activities, programs and services provided by local authorities, public organizations and other institutions or organizations with the aim of facilitating the process of reintegration and ensuring a dignified life for veterans/veterans and their family members. It was determined that the primary institutions for the organization and implementation of social support for the specified population category are three institutions: territorial recruitment and social support centers of the Ministry of Defense, territorial departments of the Ministry of Veterans Affairs, Centers for the provision of social services/Centers of social services of the Ministry of Social Policy, which are obliged it is necessary to clearly divide powers and take responsibility for the implementation of social support for veterans/veterans and their family members.