Local Microorganisms Research Articles

Potential Availability of Indigenous Resources to Reduce Agriculture Environmental Problems in Klaten, Indonesia

Inorganic fertilizer usage in high doses for rice cultivation in Indonesia has become a sustainable agriculture threat. Klaten has approximately more than 50% of the total areas were used for agricultural land. It needs a huge amount of agricultural input, especially fertilizer requirements. It is better to select a fertilizer that concerns soil conservation and is more environmentally friendly, i.e. organic fertilizer implementation, utilizing the materials to ensure its adequate availability. This research aims to identify the potential availability of organic fertilizer materials, which the farmers usually use in Klaten, and analyze how farmers' existing conditions can utilize the indigenous sources as organic fertilizer materials. This research used a descriptive method by using the data from field observation. The results showed that the potential availability of organic fertilizers in Klaten, such as Local Microorganism (MOL) of the banana hump, papaya fruit, and pineapple fruit, are 24,493.55 liters per year. They can cover about 979,742 ha paddy field area; Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) of the bamboo root is 210,290 liters per year, and it can cover about 8,412 ha paddy field area; and animal manure composted of cows, goats, sheep, buffaloes, horses, and chickens’ dung is 101,841.91 tons per year, and it can cover about 20,368 ha paddy field area. The majority of the farmers used indigenous organic fertilizer because of their benefit for low-cost production and the ease of getting it.

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metal contamination of mining area soil based on land type changes: An information network environ analysis

In this study, a grid-based network environ analysis (FEM-NEA) framework was developed to identify the ecological risks of the internal components within a landscape scale mining ecosystem with multiple land types. In this framework, an information-based network analysis is applied for addressing ecological risk assessments (ERA) based on control allocation (CA) and energy flow matrix, which can quantificationally reflect the relationship between soil ecosystems and ecological communities. In order to improve the computational accuracy and efficiency, the FEM and information-based network analysis are combined to further quantify the flow risk among different components within each grid as well as the whole ecosystem. Compared with the existing NEA-ERA model, various risk factors and receptors are compatible with the proposed FEM-NEA framework and both direct and indirect effects can be taken into consideration altogether. By taking an abandoned mining area of the Yanshan mountain as an example, risk propagation between all component of the ecosystem concerning both direct risk and integral risk dynamic were quantified. The results showed that contaminated soil normally poses risks to surrounding ecological environment, thereby affecting local vegetation and microorganisms. Afterward, the risks are passed throughout the ecosystem, forming threats to herbivores and predators via the food chain. Here, the probability of risk is ranked as follows: village> farmland> bare land> woodland. Moreover, the influence of input energy and data attributes on the prediction results are also discussed. When the input energy rises by 50%, the control allocation (CA) from herbivores to soil microorganisms correspondingly increases by 1.00% but the value from herbivores to carnivores decreases by 0.71%. This highlights the robustness of the proposed ecological risk assessment framework (FEM-NEA). In general, the FEM-NEA results not only presents the macro-scale risk distribution caused by the interaction of each component, but also reflects the potential migration direction of the risk center. Findings can provide a new perspective and method for assessing ecological risks and also help support remediation techniques for contaminated areas with different land types.

BIOREMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS

Waste generated due to the growth of the modern industry is undergoing natural disposal in the environment for a long period of time. A special danger is caused by heavy metals that do not undergo biodegradation. Known purification methods of soils are not always effective and profitable. Correct selection of soil remediation methods contaminated with heavy metals ensures effective cleaning and restoration of soils. For this purpose, selecting representatives of various taxonomic groups of microorganisms binding heavy metals in the soil is carrying out. A complex method of purification of soils contaminated with have metals is being developed. Modified forms of humic acids were developed, geochemical barriers using local clays were created. Works to biostimulate local microorganisms required for bioremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals are conducted. Remediation and increasing the fertility of soils contaminated with heavy metals are necessary for the prevention of further penetration of these metals into agricultural crops.

NPK Level in Anaerobic and Aerobic Composting Using Spoiled Rice MOL

Nowadays in Indonesia, household waste remains the main problem. The purpose of this study is to know NPK level in anaerobic and aerobic composting using Spoiled rice MOL. This type of research is experimental, the research design is a post-test with a control group design. This type of research is experimental research design with Post-test Only Control Design. The design of this study was to determine the nitrogen, phosphorus and Potassium of compost using local microorganisms (MOL) of spoiled rice with anaerobic and aerobic composting methods. From the results of the research, the NPK content in anaerobic composting using Stale Rice MOL is 5% N, 5% P, 5% K. From the results of average measurements of temperature, pH and humidity and NPK. The temperature measurements obtained for MOL of Stale Rice are 50 ° C, 100% humidity, pH 7 and 5% N, 5% P, 5% K.

Improving parents and teachers' knowledge about household organic waste composting

Most people still underestimate organic waste, so this waste always ends up in the Landfill. How to process organic waste into compost has been widely informed. However, community participation in self-managing organic waste has still not increased. Therefore, this community service activity aims to provide knowledge about household organic waste processing. The methods used in this program include lectures and discussions, demonstrations, and pre-post tests for evaluation. This program was carried out on November 30, 2019, with participants' targets, namely parents and teachers of Permata Hatiku School. This program was carried out on November 30, 2019, with participants' targets, namely parents and teachers of Permata Hatiku School. The various composting methods presented in the lectures include the composter bin method, Takamura, bio-pore, and jugangan (holes) in the ground. In addition, it also explained the basic principles of composting and how to make a bio-starter. The demonstration was carried out by practicing how to make a natural bio-starter known as local microorganisms (MOL) from rotten fruits. Composting was demonstrated by using the composter bin method with kitchen waste. The participant well-received the program materials. An increase in the post-test score marks it compared to the pre-test score.

Mixed convection hybridized micropolar nanofluid with triple stratification and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model

In the present article, we analyzed the unsteady bio-convective hybridized micropolar nanofluid flow over vertical exponentially stretching surface under the stratification conditions. Hybrid nanoparticles (AA7075 + AA7072 alloys) with a base fluid of water are deliberated in the current study. The Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and activation energy is taken into account to examine the heat and mass transfer rate. The appropriate transformations are used to transfer the flow model into the coupled non—linear ODEs. The Bvp4c Matlab technique is used to solve the coupled equations. The conclusion of various parameters is examined graphically. The physical quantities like skin friction, local Sherwood number and local microorganisms number observed via graphs. It is worth noticing that the axial and angular velocity reduces near the boundary and enhances away from the boundary with the escalation of solid volume fraction single and multi wall carbon nanotubes. Further, the skin factor, Sherwood number, and microorganism number show increasing behavior as increasing stretching parameter and solid volume fraction.

Interaction of Viruses with the Insect Intestine.

In nature, insects face a constant threat of infection by numerous exogeneous viruses, and their intestinal tracts are the predominant ports of entry. Insects can acquire these viruses orally during either blood feeding by hematophagous insects or sap sucking and foliage feeding by insect herbivores. However, the insect intestinal tract forms several physical and immunological barriers to defend against viral invasion, including cell intrinsic antiviral immunity, the peritrophic matrix and the mucin layer, and local symbiotic microorganisms. Whether an infection can be successfully established in the intestinal tract depends on the complex interactions between viruses and those barriers. In this review, we summarize recent progress on virus-intestinal tract interplay in insects, in which various underlying mechanisms derived from nutritional status, dynamics of symbiotic microorganisms, and virus-encoded components play intricate roles in the regulation of virus invasion in the intestinal tract, either directly or indirectly.

Coffee (Coffea sp.) hull waste fermentation with the addition of banana sucker microorganism activator for physical quality of Ruminantia feed

This research aims to determine the physical quality of coffee hull waste fermentation using a banana sucker microorganism activator. It aims to determine the best composition of banana sucker local microorganism (MOL) activator. Method used in this research was complete randomized design consisting of 6 levels and 4 replications which are, F1 = 10 ml MOL / 1 kg coffee hull, F2 = 15 ml MOL / 1 kg coffee hull, F3 = 20 ml MOL / 1 kg coffee hull, F4 = 25 ml MOL / 1 kg coffee hull, F5 = 30 ml MOL / 1 kg coffee hull, F6 = 35 ml MOL / 1 kg coffee hull. Silage fermentation physical characteristics observed are acidity/PH, aroma/smell, color, and texture. These characteristics were examined in this research to determine the effect of treatment. The data obtained were analyzed by analysis of variance and further HSD test. The results of the research that the addition of banana sucker microorganism activator to the fermentation of coffee hull waste (coffea sp) on physical quality for ruminant feed showed no significant effect (P> 0.05) on pH, color, and texture and had a very significant effect (P <0, 01) on the aroma. It can be concluded that the addition of banana sucker microorganism activator in the fermentation of coffee hull gave the best aroma results in the F4 treatment (3.29) and gave equally good results on physical properties such as pH, color, and texture of the fermented coffee hull.

Joule heating, activation energy and modified diffusion analysis for 3D slip flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms

Current communication aims to examine the novel thermal consequences of thermal radiation, Joule heating and activation energy in bioconvection flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid. The flow is developed by a three-dimensional (3D) extending surface in presence of porous space. The heat and mass transfer inspection in non-Newtonian fluid flow is inspected in laws of modified flux relations. The Brownian movement and thermophoresis diffusions are also accounted for current analysis. The governing formulated frameworks are simplified by appropriate similarity transformations. A familiar shooting scheme for obtaining the numerical outcomes to the nonlinear system is carried out. The graphical results are obtained with the aid of shooting technique. Flow of fluid, thermal field, concentration of species and microorganism’s field are conducted for tangent hyperbolic fluid. Furthermore, the significance of various noteworthy variables on velocity field, thermal field, solutal field of nanomaterials, microorganisms’ profile, local skin friction coefficients, local heat flux rate, local Sherwood number and local microorganisms density number is scrutinized in graphical and tabular structure. The importance of current model is in the field of nanotechnology and bioengineering.

Microbial communities succession and flavor substances changes during Pixian broad-bean paste fermentation

Pixian broad-bean paste (PXDB) is a traditional Chinese fermented condiment with a distinct flavor. The flavors stems from its strong relationship to local microorganisms. This study analyzed changes in key aroma compounds, organic acids, free amino acids (FAA), and the microbial community during different fermentation stages in order to study the correlation between flavors and microbes. Results indicated that the presence of key aroma compounds and organic acids initially increased, then decreased. Changes in total FAA content were divided into two stages due to the addition of chili pepper, however, both stages displayed an increase in FAA levels as fermentation time increased. High-throughput sequencing was used to study the microbial community and succession. Lactobacillus, Prevotella 9, Ruminococcaceae ucg-014, Lysinibacillus, Enterococcus, Weissella, Escherichia-Shigella, Sphingomonas, Aspergillus, Zygosaccharomyces, Candida, and Pichia presented as the primary microorganism during fermentation process. Simultaneously, it was found that bacteria genera indicated a stronger potential correlation with flavors, versus fungi genera. Escherichia-Shigella, Leuconostoc, Acetobacter, Chromohalobacter, Candida, Mortierella, Plectosphaerella, Podoscypha, and Podospora displayed a significant correlation with flavors (isoamyl alcohol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, phenethyl alcohol, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine, citric acid, serine, asparagine, glutamate, etc.). This study provides an improved understanding on formation mechanisms of flavors, and guidance for screening PXDB fermentation strains.

The effect of dung and local microorganism of banana corm application on the growth and the yield of mung beans (Vigna radiata L) Vima - 2 variety

Mung beans are plants that have high economic value but the production of mung beans in Indonesia is still low. Dung serves to provide nutrients for plants, improve soil structure, and retain water in the soil. MOL (local microorganisms) banana corm has a number of microorganisms that can help plants absorb nutrients found in the soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction between types of dung (dung) and banana corm local micro organization (MOL) on the growth and yield of mung beans Vima 2 and to determine the type of dung and the MOL dose of banana corm that was best for the growth and yield of mung bean plants. The method used in this study was a randomized block design with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the type of dung = no dung (j0), chicken dung (dung) (jl), goat dung (j2) and cow dung (j3). The second factor was the MOL dose of banana weevil, 0 ml plant-1 (m0), 50 ml plant-1 (m1) and 100 ml plant-1 (m2). The results showed that the application of dung and the MOL dose of banana corm did not show any interaction, but there was an independent influence by the type of dung on the parameters of plant height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of seeds planted, and harvest index, so that the type of dung that gives optimum results in mung bean cultivation is chicken dung.

Nutritional Quality Of Fermented Oil Palm Press Fiber By Local Microorganism

Oil palm press fibre is a byproduct of agro-industry that has a low nutrient content. To improve the nutritional quality of oil palm press fibre, it is carried out with biological processing techniques utilizing the work of indigenous microorganisms derived from local microorganisms of it. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with 2 factors (3 x 3), namely first factor such as dose of local microorganisms (D 1 = 1%, D 2 = 3% andD 3 = 5%) and second factor such as long of fermentation (L1 = 7 days, L2 = 14 days and L3 = 21 days), with 3 replications. The parameters of this study consisted of the nutritional content of oil palm press fibre fermented such as moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and BETN. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the combination of treatment with a dose of local microorganisms 5% and fermentation time of 14 days had a significant effect (P<0.05) in increasing crude protein content and did not have a vegetable effect (P>0.05) in increasing the dry matter content and BETN and reducing water content. , crude fat, crude fiber and ash. Giving various doses of local microorganisms and fermentation time can increase crude protein content and have not been able to increase dry matter and BETN content and reduce moisture content, crude fiber and ash.

The Effect of Goat Cage Fertilizer and Local Microorganism (Mol) Banana Beans on Tomato Plant Production (Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill.)

The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of goat cages and local microorganisms (MOL) bananas on the growth and production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.). The research was conducted in September-December 2020 in Ketapang Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo. Experiments were arranged factorial in a randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the dose of goat manure, consisting of: 0, 10, 15, and 20 kg / ha); the second factor was banana weevil MOL which consisted of: without and given MOL. Each treatment combination was repeated three times, in order to obtain 24 experimental units. Observation variables were confined to plants, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruit and fruit weight. Data were analyzed by ANOVA 5% processed by Honest Significant Difference test (BNJ) at tarf 5%. The results showed that there were significant results in observing the number of leaves from the age of 30 days after planting (HST) and the number of fruit and fruit weight there was no interaction effect of these factors. The dose of manure significantly affected the observation of the number of leaves at 30, 45, and 60 HST as well as on the number of fruit and the total fruit weight. MOL significantly affected the observation of the number of leaves 45 and 60 DAS and the number of fruits. The combination of goat manure treatment at a dose of 20kg / ha and the use of MOL resulted in the highest growth and production of tomato plants.

Bioaugmentation in domestic and organic wastewater for plant fertilizers

Water pollution is one of the world’s main concerns today. Governments in various countries have tried to find solutions for reducing this problem. Indonesia has a great diversity of local microorganisms. Pichia kudriavzevii UMJ-L, Trichosporon asahii UMJ-A2, Burkholderia ambifaria UMJ-A1, Burkholderia stabilis UMJ-R, Gluconacetobacter saccharivorans UMJ-K, and Pseudomonas putida are local microorganisms that can be used for bioaugmentation in wastewater. The results of bioaugmentation of domestic and organic wastewater not only can be used for watering plants but also expected to have a positive value as fertilizer for the growth or production of some plants. Microorganisms in this study were the result of isolation, which is made of pellets from rice flour/bran. The pellet after mashed is used as an inoculant which acts as bioaugmentation of incubated wastewater for 4 days. The results showed that bioaugmentation fertilizer from domestic wastewater was better than other wastewater when used as fertilizer on plants. Better results, all wastewater still requires the addition of inorganic fertilizers between 25% to 50% because of the low nutrients content.

Consortium Formulation of Bacteria as a Fertilizer and Biological Pesticide in Various Carriers

The use of agricultural production facilities that are produced from non-renewable natural resources such as fertilizers and chemical pesticides is constantly feared that will disrupt environmental sustainability and reduce soil fertility and quality. The application of biotechnology derived from local resources is a very appropriate alternative to answer these challenges, such as the use of local microorganisms that act as biological fertilizers and pesticides. The research aims to determine the compatibility of the bacterium Bacillus cereus strain ATCC 14579, Bacillus subtillis subsp. Subtilis strain 168 Bacillus siamensis strain KCTC13613, Azotobacter sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolated from local microorganisms (MOL) banana weevil and know the best formulation, as well as the shelf life of the formula. The study was conducted in 3 stages: 1) testing bacterial compatibility on TSA media with the dual culture method; 2) test bacterial formulations on compost carriers, peat soils and vermicompost.3) Test the shelf life of formulas. The results showed that B. cereus strain ATCC 14579, B. subtillis subsp.subtilis strain 168, B. siamensis strain KCTC13613, P. fluorescens and Azotobacter sp were synergistic (compatible) so that they could be sponsored and formulated on carrier material (compost, kascing, peat). The best formulation is a formula for compost and peat soils added with Molas, CMC and Arginine. This formula has a shelf life of up to 6 months with the number of bacterial consortium colony of 4.64-4.67x 10 5 CFU / gram, fulfilling the criteria of biological fertilizer according to Ministry of Agriculture Decree No. 261 KPTS SR 310 4, 2019 which is ⩾ 105.

Effect of local microorganisms (LOM) and growing media on growth of guava (Psidium guajava L.) at nursery stage

Guava is a fruit that trade internationally. One of the problems in Indonesia is preparing the plant for a seedling. This research investigated the effect of local microorganisms and growing media on Guava’s growth at the nursery stage. The experiment was conducted from June to August 2020, at the experimental site of agriculture faculty, University of Lampung. The design used was a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: growing media and local microorganisms (LOM). Growing media consisting of 2 types, M1: combination soil and rice husk, M2: combination soil and baglog waste. Local microorganisms consisting of 4 types, P1: local microorganisms from EM4, P2: local microorganisms from rice fermentation, P3: local microorganisms from oil palm empty bunches fermentation, P3: local microorganisms from fruit and vegetable fermentation. The results showed that the treatment combination of local microorganismss and growing media did not show the dominant pattern. Growing media combination of soil and rice husk was better than a combination of soil and baglog waste to support Guava’s growth. Local microorganisms from fruit and vegetable fermentation promote the high value on the growth of Guava.

Potassium fertilizer doses and local microorganism concentration affecting growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.)

This study aimed to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer doses, Local Microorganism concentrations, and the interaction between the two factors on the growth and yield of shallots. The study applies Randomized Block Design with 3 x 4 Factorial and 3 replications. The observed factors were potassium fertilizer at 3 levels each of control, 100, and 200 kg ha-1 and Local Microorganisms at 4 levels each of 0, 75, 150, and 225 ml L-1). The highest yield potential of the shallots was found at a dose of 100 kg ha-1 potassium fertilizer. The highest diameter of shallot bulbs was initiated at 150 ml L-1 of Local Microorganism concentration, but it was not significantly different from the control treatment. The combination of a potassium fertilizer dose of 200 kg ha-1 and a local liquid microorganism concentration of 75 ml L-1 provide the highest growth and yield of shallots.

Biodegradation of antibiotic residues in chicken manure by composting processes

Chicken manure is rich in macro and micro nutrient compared to livestock manures. Unfortunately, it may also contain higher antibiotic residues that has to be minimized before applying as a manure. The objective of this research was to eliminate antibiotic residues in chicken manure using three kinds of decomposer. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. A completely randomized design with 5 replications was applied. The treatments consisted of chicken manure (CM) with 40% water content, composting CM with local microorganisms (MOL), composting CM with Consortium of Cellulolytic Fungi (CCF), and composting CM with commercial decomposer. Parameters measured were the content of Tetracycline, C, C/N, and CO2 evolution. The results showed that applying microbial decomposer eliminated 100% Tetracycline residues after 4 weeks composting. The C content and C/N decreased 34.8 to 41.8% and 15.46 to 20.30% after 6 weeks composting, respectively. The highest CO2 evolution resulted from the application of CCF and commercial decomposers. Composting chicken manure by CCF or commercial decomposer prior to be used as organic fertilizer are promising to eliminate antibiotic residues.

Effect of differences in soil tillage and application of organic fertilizers on soil water content and yield of upland rice

The research objective was to increase upland rice yield and balancing it with efforts of land conservation to maintain sustainable land productivity. It has been conducted in the research station of Lampung Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT). The treatments were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatment in the main plot was the method of tillage whereas the subplot was organic fertilizers. The tillage methods were: (1) Maximum tillage and without ditch, (2) Minimum tillage with ditch. The organic fertilizer treatments were control, bio urine plus 10 L ha−1, bio urine plus 20 L ha−1, biodecomposer 10 L ha−1, and biodecomposer 20 L ha−1. The upland rice variety was Inpago 12. The variables observed were soil water content, growth and yields of rice. The results showed that the minimum soil tillage with ditch provided a higher soil water content than the maximum tillage. Likewise, the application of liquid organic matter from local microorganisms (biodecomposer) increased soil water content compared to the control. Application of bio urine plus 20 L ha−1 significantly increased plant height and yield. The highest dry grain was obtained in the treatment of minimum tillage and biodecomposer 20 L ha−1.

Energy conservation of nanofluids from a biomagnetic needle in the presence of Stefan blowing: Lie symmetry and numerical simulation

Thermal energy management associated with the transmission of heat is one of the main problems in many industrial setups (e.g. pharmaceutical, chemical and food) and bio-engineering devices (e.g. hospital ventilation, heating, cooling devices, heat exchanger and drying food, etc). The current study aims to examine thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms taking place in a nanofluid-saturated needle with the magnetic field. Stefan-blowing is applied. The leading equations of continuity, momentum and energy, species transport equations for oxygen concentration and population density of microorganisms are reduced dimensionless and Lie symmetry group transformations are used to generate appropriate invariant transformations. The resulting similarity boundary value problem (in which the blowing parameter is coupled with concentration) have been simulated using MATLAB (2015a) bvp5c built in function. The impact of the emerging factors on the nondimensional velocity, temperature, nanoparticle concentration and motile microorganism density functions and their slopes at the wall, are pictured and tabulated. Justification with published results are included. It is found that all physical quantities decrease with Stefan blowing and increase with power law index parameter. With elevation in magnetic field parameter i.e., Lorentzian drag force, the friction factor reduces while the local Nusselt number, local Sherwood number, and the local motile microorganism density wall gradient increase. Present study could be used in food and pharmaceutical industries, chemical processing equipment, fuel cell technology, enhanced oil recovery, etc.