Local Microorganisms Research Articles

Microbiome Geographic Population Structure (mGPS) Detects Fine-Scale Geography.

Over the past decade, sequencing data generated by large microbiome projects showed that taxa exhibit patchy geographical distribution, raising questions about the geospatial dynamics that shape natural microbiomes and the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Answering these questions requires distinguishing between local and non-local microorganisms and identifying the source sites for the latter. Predicting the source sites and migration routes of microbiota has been envisioned for decades but was hampered by the lack of data, tools, and understanding of the processes governing biodiversity. State-of-the-art biogeographical tools suffer from low resolution and cannot predict biogeographical patterns at a scale relevant to ecological, medical, or epidemiological applications. Analyzing urban, soil, and marine microorganisms, we found that some taxa exhibit regional-specific composition and abundance, suggesting they can be used as biogeographical biomarkers. We developed the Microbiome Geographic Population Structure (mGPS), a machine-learning-based tool that utilizes microbial relative sequence abundances to yield a fine-scale source site for microorganisms. mGPS predicted the source city for 92% of the samples and the within-city source for 82% of the samples, though they were often only a few hundred meters apart. mGPS also predicted soil and marine sampling sites for 86% and 74% of the samples, respectively. We demonstrated that mGPS differentiated local from non-local microorganisms and used it to trace the global spread of AMR genes. mGPS's ability to localize samples to their waterbody, country, city, and transit stations opens new possibilities in tracing microbiomes and has applications in forensics, medicine, and epidemiology.

Effects of the Addition of Local Microorganism Bioactivators (MOLs) to Tomato Waste and EM4 on the Composite Quality of Market Waste with Coffee Waste Source

Market waste that belongs to organic garbage, can be recycled into compost. The natural compounding process takes quite a while, so it requires bioactivators to speed up the compostage process. In addition to the EM4 bioactivator, bioactivators can be made by ourselves with tomato waste that called local microorganisms (MOL) of tomato waste. The carbon content of coffee amps is high enough that it can be used as a compound mixture material as a source of carbon. The study aims to analyze the influence of the addition of local microorganisms (MOL) of tomato waste and EM4 on the composite quality of the market waste with coffee amps as carbon sources. The composing process was done using a composer for 14 days. The study used nine units of trials with two treatments and one control with three repetitions. The entire parameters on both composts produced with the treatment have been in accordance with SNI 19-7030-2004 standards. In compounds with local microorganisms (MOL) of tomato waste, the average carbon content was 19,23%, nitrogen 1,19%, phosphorus 0,51%, potassium 0,35%, and the C/N ratio 16.26 with temperature 30.67°C and pH 6.93. Compared to the compound with the bioactive EM4, the average content of the carbon element was 18,48%, the nitrogen content was 1,15%, the phosphates 0,50%, the potassiums 0,31%, and the C/N ratio 16.16 with temperature 31°C and pH 6.97. The results show that local microorganisms (MOL) of tomato waste have potential as a substitute for EM4 bioactivators.

Characteristics of unsteady thermo-bioconvection chemical reactive stagnation point flow of trihybrid nanofluid around rotating sphere with Oxytactic Microorganisms

The present study is to highlight the significance of viscous dissipation, Joule heating and magnetic field on the stagnation point Darcy-Forchheimer flow of THNF (trihybrid nanofluid) around a spinning sphere containing Oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganisms. The analysis also includes the effects of heat generation and higher-order chemical reaction. A trihybrid nanofluid consisting of water (H2O) as the base fluid and TiO2,Cu and Fe3O4 nanoparticles is used. The Hamilton–Crosser model of trihybrid nanofluid is used in this work to compare their respective performance. This model is applicable to the optimization and design of sophisticated cooling systems where effective heat transfer is necessary, like electronic cooling, nuclear reactors, and high-performance heat exchangers. This model is used in biomedical engineering to comprehend drug delivery systems where exact control over reactions and fluid dynamics is required. Oxytactic microorganisms are important because they help break down contaminants in environmental engineering and wastewater treatment procedures. The fundamental system of the PDEs (partial differential equations) and the pertinent BCs (boundary conditions) have been transformed for computation using a few appropriate transformations. The numerical estimations for the appropriate system of differential equations are derived by employing the shooting approach (Bvp4c). Extensive studies are conducted to examine the effects of pertinent limitations on the rates of heat transfer, mass transfer, density of Oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganisms for both hybrid and trihybrid nanofluid. Among the various findings of this investigation is the observation that a higher Oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganisms Schmidt numbers result in a slower trihybrid nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid Oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganism's distributions. By increasing the value of Peclet number up to 7% the values of local density gyrotactic microorganisms enhance up to 9% .

Training on Making Local Microorganisms (MOL) based on Mimosa Roots to Farmers Group in Jubung Village

Jubung Village is the largest soybean producer in Sukorambi District. Partners in this service are farmer groups in Jubung with the name of the Farmer Group "Tani Mulyo". This partner has the problem of soybean production that cannot increase and the high price of fertilizer. The solution offered to solve the problem is the use of local Microorganisms (MOLs). MOL is useful for increasing plant production and bio activators and fermentation of animal feed. Mimosa has the potential as an antimicrobial food pathogen. Mimosa root can speed up the process of absorption of nutrients and water, as well as remodel organic matter in the soil. The purpose of the service activity is to introduce the technology of making root MOL to supporting organic farming. The solutions provided will be divided into several activities, including socialization, counseling about the role of PGPR and MOL, soybean cultivation according to GAP, practices for making Root MOL, monitoring and evaluation. The results of the activity showed that the participants participated in the activity enthusiastically, as evidenced by the discussion that went well. The indicators of the success of making MOL are indicated by the characteristics of cloudy color and have a fermentation smell

Research progress on environmental behavior of arsenic in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau soil

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with its high altitude and cold climate, is one of the most fragile ecological environments in China and is distinguished by its naturally elevated arsenic (As) levels in the soil, largely due to its rich mineral and geothermal resources. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of As content, focusing on its distribution, environmental migration, and transformation behavior across the plateau. The review further evaluates the distribution of As in different functional areas, revealing that geothermal fields (107.2 mg/kg), mining areas (53.8 mg/kg), and croplands (39.3 mg/kg) have the highest As concentrations, followed by river and lake sediments and adjacent areas (33.1 mg/kg). These elevated levels are primarily attributed to the presence of As-rich minerals, such as arsenopyrite and pyrite. Additionally, human activities, including mining and geothermal energy production, exacerbate the release of As into the environment. The review also highlights the role of local microorganisms, particularly those from the phyla Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which possess As metabolic genes that facilitate As translocation. Given the unique climatic conditions of the plateau, conventional methods for As control may not be fully effective. However, the review identifies promising remediation strategies that are environmentally adaptable, such as the use of local microorganisms, specific adsorbents, and integrated technologies, which offer potential solutions for managing and utilizing As-contaminated soils on the plateau.

Comparison of the Concentration of Local Microorganisms (MOL) in Stale Rice During the Composting Process

Background: The symbiotic relationship between microorganisms, specifically decomposing bacteria, and organic material, such as organic waste, leads to the decomposition of the substance and its transformation into compost. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of local microorganisms (MOL) tape in accelerating the decomposition process of organic waste compost. Methods: This research used an experimental study strategy known as "control with posttest". This investigation was conducted utilising two distinct groups: the control group and the treatment group. Regarding the intervention group utilising indigenous microorganisms (MOL) stale rice, the research utilised two data analyses: univariate analysis, which involved presenting data in the form of frequency distribution tables, and bivariate analysis, which included conducting a one-way Anova test followed by an LSD test. Results: The findings indicated that the optimal dosage of a local microorganism (MOL) activator for compost formation was 25 ml, resulting in a duration of 11.6 days. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the duration of compost formation between the dosage levels of 10 ml, 15 ml, 20 ml, and 25 ml of the local microorganism (MOL) activator. Conclusions: This research aims to explore the potential of MOL activators in accelerating the composting process of organic waste. By utilising MOL activators, it is anticipated that the problem of slow composting can be effectively addressed, offering a viable solution for the community. Moreover, the ease and affordability of producing MOL activators further enhance their practicality.

Improving the quality of organic fertilizer by utilizing local microorganisms (LMO) of cassava tapai

Local Micro Organism Solution (LMO Solution) is a fermentation solution made from various locally available resources, both plants and animals. The LMO solution contains micro and macronutrients and bacteria that have the potential to decompose organic matter in the soil, stimulate plant growth, and act as a pest and plant disease control agent. It is easy to obtain and makes it possible to increase farmers’ desire to process agricultural waste. This research aims to determine the quality of organic fertilizer from livestock manure by utilizing local microorganisms (LMO) in cassava. This research was carried out from March 2023 to December 2023. The research was carried out at the Soil Laboratory of Hasanuddin University and the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, West Sulawesi University. The experimental design used in this planting test was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of four LMO dose treatments, with each treatment carried out three times. The results of the research showed that the planting media provided by LMO tapai cassava had a significant effect on increasing the availability of the nutrients Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P). The treatment regimen involving a dose of 240 ml (M3) showed the highest average values ​​for nutrient content, specifically 0.25% for Nitrogen (N) and 13.75 ppm for Phosphorus (P2O5). Providing cassava tapai LMO in the planting medium had a significant effect on the average height of spinach plants at the observation time of 10 day after planting (DAT) and the average leaf weight. The M3 treatment showed the highest average value of plant height at 10 DAT of 7.17 cm and leaf weight of 0.73 g.

Effect Local Microorganisms Coconut Pulp in Increasing The Resistance of Red Chilli Plants To Fungus Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds

The fungus Colletotrichum acutatum which often attacks chili plants causes anthracnose disease. Farmers generally use fungicides to control this disease. Continuous use of synthetic fungicides will have negative impacts. Plant extracts as an alternative to natural fungicides can be an appropriate and environmentally friendly choice. One of them is the use of Local Microorganisms (MOL). This research aims to determine the optimal concentration of coconut pulp MOL in increasing the resistance of red chilli plants to the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum that causes anthracnose disease. The study used a Totally Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 drugs, namely A (0 ml/water), B (5 ml/water), C (10 ml/water), D (15 ml/water), E (20 ml/water). ml/water), F (25 ml/water). There are four treatments each time. Information was broken down using ANOVA and continued with the Fair Genuine Contrast (BNJ) test at the 5% level (α = 5%). with a level of 5% (α = 5%). The results showed a significant effect on fungal colony diameter, germination period, plant height, plant incubation period, and disease severity. The best concentration of local coconut pulp microorganisms in inhibiting anthracnose disease was 25 ml/l water.

Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Rumah Tangga untuk Penanaman Sayuran dan Mikroorganisme Lokal (Mol) sebagai Ketahanan Pangan Keluarga

The aim of this community service is to encourage people to use household waste to plant vegetables and local microorganisms for food security for families and communities and to make planting media in the form of pots. The method of service is the community service method. The approach to implementing this service is asset or resource-based community empowerment. Data collection techniques use documentation, questionnaires and focus group discussions. Data analysis in this service is qualitative descriptive data analysis. The result of this service is that activities are carried out in three stages, namely the first is socialization related to the use of unused materials to make something useful, namely socialization on the manufacture and use of local microorganisms and making pots, the second is training in making and the third is monitoring and also evaluation. The activity was carried out by making planting media in the form of pots with gallons and used aqua bottles, then continuing with making fertilizer using stale rice, namely local microorganisms (MOL), then continuing with planting vegetables.

Oral lichen planus – an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) of the oral cavity

Introduction. Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, characterized by recurrent lesions, presenting as reticular lesions, sometimes accompanied by atrophic, erosive, and/or ulcerative areas. Despite being one of the most common conditions affecting the oral mucosa, oral lichen planus remains an ailment with undefined etiology and unclear pathogenesis, imprecise management, and uncertain premalignant potential. Materials and methods. A narrative literature review study was conducted. A bibliographic search was carried out in databases such as PubMed, Hinari, SpringerLink, the National Center of Biotechnology Information, and Medline. Articles published from 1990 to 2023 were selected using various combinations of keywords: “oral lichen planus,” and “epidemiology,” “etiology,” “pathogenesis,” “symptoms,” “management,” “histopathology,” and “malignant transformation.” After processing the data from these databases, 475 full articles were found. The final bibliography comprised 50 relevant sources, considered representative of the materials published on the topic of this synthesis article. Results. Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory condition associated with T-cell-mediated immune dysfunction. Triggers include autoimmune responses to local antigens, microorganisms, and stress. The disease results from a complex interplay of host factors, lifestyle, and environmental factors leading to T-cell-mediated immune dysregulation. Diagnosis of oral lichen planus is based on clinical features (multiple, bilateral, symmetrically distributed lesions, occurring most commonly on the buccal mucosa, dorsal tongue surface, and gingiva), histopathological findings (predominantly lymphocytic bandlike infiltrate in the lamina propria, presence of apoptotic cells in the basal cell layer, absence of epithelial dysplasia), and immune-related changes (deposition of fibrinogen along the basement membrane zone, presence of granular fluorescent deposits containing IgA, IgG, and IgM in colloid bodies). Conclusions. Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory condition mediated by T-cells in response to various extrinsic antigens, modified autoantigens, or superantigens, with periods of remission and relapse and the potential for malignant transformation. The etiology and pathogenesis of this condition are complex, diagnosis relies on clinical features, histopathological findings, and immunological data, patient treatment is symptomatic, and the potential for malignant transformation varies. Nevertheless, prospective studies with large sample sizes, adequate treatment duration, and long-term follow-up are needed.

Producing liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) by combining rice straw waste with local microorganisms (MOL) to enhance the growth of rice plants

Rice straw is a byproduct of rice harvesting that is often underutilized or discarded, contributing to agricultural waste. Finding effective ways to utilize rice straw could reduce waste and potentially enhance agricultural productivity. This study investigates the impact of rice straw and Local Microorganisms (MOL) on rice plant growth through liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). Employing a 2 x 2 factorial randomized regular two-level factorial design with three replications and blocks, the study assessed the impact of varying levels of rice straw (50 grams and 100 grams) and MOL application (200 mL and 400 mL) on rice plant height over a 7-day period. Results indicate that the combination of 50 grams of rice straw and 200 mL of MOL yielded the highest average plant height of 4.91 cm. Notably, MOL (B) exerted the most substantial influence on plant height, with the interaction between rice straw (A) and MOL also contributing, albeit to a lesser degree. Optimization analysis identified the optimal combination of 50 grams of rice straw and 266 mL of MOL for maximizing rice plant growth, underscoring the potential of integrating these elements into agricultural practices. This approach not only mitigates agricultural waste but also reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers, aligning with principles of sustainable agriculture. Moreover, the study robust experimental design and statistical analysis using Design Expert Version 13 validate the reliability and applicability of these findings in agricultural settings.

The Potential of Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Hydroponic Nutrition: A Systematic Literature Review

Nutrients are the main component in a hydroponic system. Liquid organic fertilizer has the potential to be a source of hydroponic nutrition because it can be made from agricultural waste through a fermentation process using local microorganisms. The aim of the research is to analyze articles that use the theme of liquid organic fertilizer and describe various topics that are relevant and have novelties to be developed in future research. The bibiometric analysis used in the research used the 2019-2023 literature. The data collection method uses dimensions with the keyword "liquid organic fertilizer" to obtain 500 papers published in 2019-2023. The data was sorted into 300 articles for further analysis with the help of VOSviewer 1.6.19_Mac software. The research results show that the theme of liquid organic fertilizer implemented in scientific articles has become a serious concern and has had high interest value for researchers over the last 4 years. Several new topics that need to be studied further to support the development of liquid organic fertilizer as nutrition in hydroponic systems to support sustainable agriculture include: local microorganisms (mol), biostimulants, cocopeat, chicken manure. Elsevier is a publisher in the main ranking which publishes articles and is widely cited. Keywords with different topics are needed to analyze articles to get new ideas and innovations in developing knowledge and technology that supports sustainable agriculture.

Recombination, admixture and genome instability shape the genomic landscape of Saccharomyces cerevisiae derived from spontaneous grape ferments.

Cultural exchange of fermentation techniques has driven the spread of Saccharomyces cerevisiae across the globe, establishing natural populations in many countries. Despite this, Oceania is thought to lack native populations of S. cerevisiae, only being introduced after colonisation. Here we investigate the genomic landscape of 411 S. cerevisiae isolated from spontaneous grape fermentations in Australia across multiple locations, years, and grape cultivars. Spontaneous fermentations contained highly recombined mosaic strains that exhibited high levels of genome instability. Assigning genomic windows to putative ancestral origin revealed that few closely related starter lineages have come to dominate the genetic landscape, contributing most of the genetic variation. Fine-scale phylogenetic analysis of loci not observed in strains of commercial wine origin identified widespread admixture with European derived beer yeast along with three independent admixture events from potentially endemic Oceanic lineages that was associated with genome instability. Finally, we investigated Australian ecological niches for basal isolates, identifying phylogenetically distinct S. cerevisiae of non-European, non-domesticated origin associated with admixture loci. Our results illustrate the effect commercial use of microbes may have on local microorganism genetic diversity and demonstrates the presence of non-domesticated, potentially endemic lineages of S. cerevisiae in Australian niches that are actively admixing.

Utilization of banana and cassava peel as local microorganism materials in household organic waste composting by takakura method

This research compares household organic waste compost results with the addition of local microorganism activators from banana peel and cassava peel waste with Effective Microorganisms (EM4). The composting method used is aerobic composting with the Takakura composting technique. This composting is carried out in 5 variations consisting of variation 1 (50% organic waste: 50% finished compost), variation 2 (50% organic waste: 50% finished compost: EM4), variation 3 (50% organic waste: 50% finished compost: local microorganism banana peel), variation 4 (50% organic waste: 50% compost made: local microorganism cassava peel), variation 5 (50% organic waste: 50% finished compost: local microorganism banana peel and cassava peel). The results showed that all variations of composting had met the maturity standard for parameters of temperature, pH, material reduction, texture, color, and smell and had met the SNI 19-7030-2004 standards. Analysis of all compost quality, including C-organic, nitrogen, C / N ratio, phosphorus, and potassium, has met SNI 19-7030-2004 standards. From 4 kg of raw material produced, solid compost ranges at 2.7-3 kg. The use of activators in the composting process can speed up the composting time by 8-12 days. Compost variations by scoring results in the compost consisting of 50% organic waste and 50% finished compost with 5 ml of local microorganism activator banana peel, and cassava peel is the best variation in compost maturity quality.

Numerical analysis of mathematical model for heat and mass transfer through Bioconvective Maxwell nanofluid flow subject to Darcy-Forcheimer and Lorentz forces

The objective of this study to evaluate heat and mass transport rate of Maxwell nanofluid flow through a stretched medium in the existence of Darcy-Forcheimmer and Lorentz forces. In addition to above by involving motile microorganisms the heat and mass transport done through the process of bioconvection. Thermal radiation, activation energy, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis effects on the flow rate through this are also investigated. The governing model of the flow problem consist of momentum, thermal, concentration, and micro-organisms density equations, these equations are in the form of non-linear partial differential equations. To transform these non-linear partial differential equations (PDE‘s) to dimensionless non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODE‘s), we introduced couple of similarity variables. For numerical treatment of governing non-linear ODE‘s, MATLAB built in ‘bvp4c‘ solver along with shooting technique utilized. In graphical outcomes, the impact of various physical variables over the momentum, temporal, concentration, and micro-organism descriptions are elaborated briefly. The impact of deborah number on the velocity profile, by increasing the count of Deborah number the velocity profile become decrease. The effect of Lewis number over the concentration depiction, the rise in profile caused by maximizing the values of parameter. The rate of flow of mass and heat transport become increase while the values of thermophoretic parameter increases. Microorganism‘s profile decreases on increasing the Peclet number. In tabular analysis, the impacts of physical variables on the local skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganism density number are evaluated. All the physical quantities numerics computed by fixing the values of parameters as 0.2<λ<0.6, 0.3<Nb<0.5,2.0<Pr<4.0, 5.0<Le<5.3, 3.0<Lb<5.0, 0.4<Pe<0.8, 0.2<Nt<0.4, 0.2<Rb<0.4. The computed results are fine as compared to previous published results.

Growth Response of Mucuna bracteata with the Application of Local Micro Organisms (LMO) of Banana Weevil

This research aims to determine the effect of concentration and duration immersion giving LOM banana weevil against the gowth of Mucuna bracteata. The research was conducted in the garden of Jalan Setia Bangun Pasar III, Sei Beras Sekata, Kecamatan sunggal, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatra utara and continued in the laboratory of the Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI). This research was started in April-June 2020. This study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial. The first factor was the concentration of local microorganisms (LMO) of Banana Weevil consisting of 4 levels, namely: Without treatment, 15%, 30%, 45%. The second factor. The duration of immersion consists of 4 levels, namely: No immersion time, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes. Observation data were analyzed usingDuncan's Multiple Range Test with a significant 5%. The results showed that the LMO concentration of banana weevil was effective in increasing the gowth of the number of leaves 39.77, tendril length 83.14 cm, shoot fresh weight 28.54 g, and shoot dry weight 6.03 g. The duration of soaking had a significant effect on the highest number of leaves at week 3 (9.63 pieces). The interaction application of banana weevil concentration and soaking time affected the number of root nodules (40.50 gains) and root dry weight (0.73) g of theplant Mucuna bracteata.

Quality analysis of coffee waste compost with the addition of cassava tapai local microorganism (LMO) bioactivator

Coffee waste contains a large amount of nutrients, making it a potential raw material for compost fertilizer. The nutrients contained in coffee waste include N, P, K, Mg, and Ca. Utilization of coffee waste as compost requires bioactivators to accelerate the decomposition process. This study aims to determine the difference in compost quality from coffee waste by using bioactivators in the form of local microorganisms (LMO) of cassava tapai. This study was conducted from April to May 2023 at the greenhouse of LPP Polytechnic Yogyakarta, consisting of two stages: making the LMO and making the compost. Cassava tapai LMO was prepared as a treatment for composting coffee waste. Each treatment was repeated three times. After that, the fermentation results in the form of compost were tested, then the results were compared with the standards of the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture No. 261/KPTS/SR.310/M/4/2019 on the minimum technical requirements for organic fertilizers, biological fertilizers, and soil conditioners. The results reveal that the provision of cassava tapai LMO bioactivator affected the quality of coffee waste compost produced. The quality of composts produced from control, cassava tapai LMO of 90 ml, and EM-4 treatment does not meet the standards of the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture in the parameter of chemical properties, namely the C/N ratio. The quality of compost produced from cassava tapai LMO of 120 ml meets the standards of the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture and SNI 2004 in all parameters of physical properties, chemical properties, and nutrient content.

Pemanfaatan Air Leri dan Air Mikroorganisme Lokal Sebagai Pengendali Rayap Tanah

Termites (Coptotermes curvignathus) are considered more dangerous than other termite species as they can cause significant damage to plantation and agricultural crops, with widespread distribution. The use of chemical pesticides to control this pest can lead to resistance and have negative impacts on the environment and human health. An environmentally friendly solution involves utilizing natural plants/substances as botanical insecticides, such as rice washing water and local microorganism (MOL) water. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effects of these two substances on termite population control and determine the optimal formulation that can act as a termite repellent. and to determine the optimal formulation as an anti-termite. The research methodology involves determining formulations of botanical insecticides, namely 100% rice washing water, 100% MOL water, 50% rice washing water : 50% MOL water, 75% rice washing water : 25% MOL water, 25% rice washing water : 75% MOL water. Each test box is filled 5 soldier termites and 20 worker termites, then provided with test papers that have been soaked in the predetermined formulation. Each treatment is repeated three times and observed every 24 hours for 72 hours. The research results indicate that all formulations uses did not have a significant impact on termite mortality. It can be concluded that the use of rice washing water and MOL water in the tested formulations is not effective as an insecticide to control termite.

Utilization of Shrimp Shells Waste and Golden Snails to Increase the Yield of Shallots

Shallots are high economic value commodities. The chemical fertilizers alone in onion cultivation can treat to agricultural sustainability. Environmentally friendly alternative fertilizers are urgently needed. One of them is Local Microorganism (LMO) which is developed from waste/natural materials, such as shrimp shells and golden snails which are available in nature. Shrimp shell contains nutrients N, P, K, C, Mg, and Fe. Golden snail is dangerous pest for rice plants, but it can be used as organic fertilizer. This study aims to determine effect of giving LMO of shrimp shells and golden snail for shallots growth and yield. The experiment used randomized block design with eight treatments, four replications, namely without LMO, 1.2 g plant-1 NPK fertilizer; 250 mL, 300 mL, and 350 mL shrimp shell LMO; LMO golden snail 250 mL, 300 mL, and 350 mL. The results showed that the provision of local microorganisms of shrimp shells and golden snails was able to increase shallot growth and yield, which was indicated by an increase in plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight of tubers per plant. The increase in tuber dry weight ranged from 130 % to 239 % (2.3 times to 3.4 times higher than control).

Utilization of pineapple peels, rice-washed water, and local microorganisms derived from golden snails in biodrying process of yard waste

Comestoarra.com developed Teknologi Olah Sampah di Sumber (TOSS), an on-site solid waste processing method, which efficiently converted yard waste, specifically leaves and twigs, into biomass pellets through three steps: shredding, biodrying, and pelletization. During biodrying, bioactivators expedited moisture reduction. A comparative study was conducted between Comestoarra’s AR124 bioactivator and an alternative, MOL, derived from pineapple peels, rice-washed water, and golden snails, with the first two being waste materials and the latter a rice field pest. To assess their performance in converting yard waste into refuse-derived fuel (RDF), various parameters were analyzed: moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fixed carbon content, and calorific value. The Indonesian Standard SNI 8966:2021 for RDF in power plants served as reference criteria. Both bioactivators met these standards. AR124-produced RDF had 8.0±0.0% moisture, 65.0±1.0% volatile matter, 13.7±4.9% ash, 13.3±4.2% fixed carbon, and calorific value of 14.74±1.3MJ/kg (3,523±310.7 kcal/kg). MOL bioactivator resulted in RDF with 5.0±0.0% moisture, 65.0±1.0% volatile matter, 16.7±4.2% ash, 13.3±4.2% fixed carbon, and calorific value of 13.89±1.1MJ/kg (3,320±262.9 kcal/kg). These findings suggest that MOL holds promise as a bioactivator for improving the biodrying process in RDF production.