Local Memory Research Articles

Memory Figures of Local Significance in the Local Space of a Small Town: Features of Memorial Practices

The article considers the peculiarities of immortalization of local memory figures in the space of a small town on the example of Kuibyshev and Barabinsk in the Novosibirsk region. The main milestones of the life path of P.V. Martynenko and Y.M. Medvedev, their contribution to the development of these cities are analyzed. The analysis has revealed the variety of memorial practices: creation of monuments, plaques, new toponymic names; publications in the periodical press; references in permanent and temporary expositions of local museums and libraries; organization of meetings, conversations, lectures, memorial days, virtual and real excursions, educational actions, quest games for schoolchildren. Thanks to these events, memory is transmitted to the next generations, and important personalities continue to influence the city’s cultural space.

Computationally efficient GPU based NS solver for two dimensional high-speed inviscid and viscous compressible flows

In this study, we proposed a novel GPU-based solution for modelling two-dimensional inviscid and viscous compressible supersonic/hypersonic flows. Texture and surface pointers are used to access GPU memory locations. For effective and efficient use of surface pointers, we grouped multiple 2D arrays referenced and indexed by a single 3D surface pointer. To enable the proposed solver for double-precision calculations, two consecutive 32-bit memory locations were grouped to maintain the efficiency of surface pointers while taking advantage/accuracy of 64-bit calculations. Resolving data and computation dependencies for parallel applications is another complex task that is the focus of this study. Computation dependencies have been solved by using multiple mutually synchronized GPU kernels and executing them sequentially using the GPU default stream to ensure that all relevant data is available to the threads or computed before they actually use it. Consequently, there is no intra-core data dependency in our proposed approach, while inter-core data dependency is successfully solved by stringing multiple kernels together. Using NVIDIA GTX 660 GPUs, we achieved 20x speedup compared to traditional Core i5® computers. This speedup is the result of the Surface Pointer's GPU capabilities for double precision computations. The simulation results are also consistent with the experimental and numerical results of this study.

Virtualising Africa’s Arts, Securing the Future Engendering Africa’s Popular Songs on TikTok’s Enchanted Space

This paper, locating itself within the locus of Southern Perspectives, examines how TikTok, rehabilitating the local memories imbued in the African popular song genre, re-situates African popular knowledge at the centre of dialogues around the human question. The paper used a lit-crit methodology to show how African female content creators, by creatively archiving and curating Black voices into what was the realm of Northern thought, have used TikTok’s space to dissolve epistemological and ontological boundaries. This paper posits that TikTok is the new canvas for espousing indigenous knowledge within popular literary meditations in Africa and provides a veritable space that has placed contemporary African art forms at the centre of transformative possibilities. The paper concludes that African music on TikTok is an epistemological tool that communicates context and community- specific knowledges.

Register Tiling for Unstructured Sparsity in Neural Network Inference

Unstructured sparse neural networks are an important class of machine learning (ML) models, as they compact model size and reduce floating point operations. The execution time of these models is frequently dominated by the sparse matrix multiplication (SpMM) kernel, C = A × B , where A is a sparse matrix, and B and C are dense matrices. The unstructured sparsity pattern of matrices in pruned machine learning models along with their sparsity ratio has rendered useless the large class of libraries and systems that optimize sparse matrix multiplications. Reusing registers is particularly difficult because accesses to memory locations should be known statically. This paper proposes Sparse Register Tiling, a new technique composed of an unroll-and-sparse-jam transformation followed by data compression that is specifically tailored to sparsity patterns in ML matrices. Unroll-and-sparse-jam uses sparsity information to jam the code while improving register reuse. Sparse register tiling is evaluated across 2396 weight matrices from transformer and convolutional models with a sparsity range of 60-95% and provides an average speedup of 1.72× and 2.65× over MKL SpMM and dense matrix multiplication, respectively, on a multicore CPU processor. It also provides an end-to-end speedup of 2.12× for MobileNetV1 with 70% sparsity on an ARM processor commonly used in edge devices.

Structured visuospatial representations revealed through serial reproduction.

Working memory is a reconstructive process that requires integrating multiple hierarchical representations of objects. This hierarchical reconstruction allows us to overcome perceptual uncertainty and limited cognitive capacity but yields systematic biases in working memory as individual items are influenced by the ensemble statistics of the scene, or of their particular group. Given the importance of the hierarchical encoding of a display, we aim to characterize what structures people use to encode visual scenes using a nonparametric data-driven approach. In Experiment 1, we examine visuospatial memory for locations by asking participants to recall the locations of objects in a serial reproduction task. We show that people report items in a more compact structure than they initially were and organize them into clustered spatial groups. In Experiment 2, we explicitly introduce discrete color groups, allowing us to test whether the color feature governs the spatial grouping. We find that the spatial structures were color-contingent. By analyzing color groups, we circumvent the grouping uncertainty in Experiment 1 and further reveal that people compress color groups into collinear structures with similar orientations and equidistant spacing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The clock gene Per1 may exert diurnal control over hippocampal memory consolidation.

The circadian system influences many different biological processes, including memory performance. While the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) functions as the brain's central pacemaker, downstream "satellite clocks" may also regulate local functions based on the time of day. Within the dorsal hippocampus (DH), for example, local molecular oscillations may contribute to time-of-day effects on memory. Here, we used the hippocampus-dependent Object Location Memory task to determine how memory is regulated across the day/night cycle in mice. First, we systematically determined which phase of memory (acquisition, consolidation, or retrieval) is modulated across the 24 h day. We found that mice show better long-term memory performance during the day than at night, an effect that was specifically attributed to diurnal changes in memory consolidation, as neither memory acquisition nor memory retrieval fluctuated across the day/night cycle. Using RNA-sequencing we identified the circadian clock gene Period1 (Per1) as a key mechanism capable of supporting this diurnal fluctuation in memory consolidation, as learning-induced Per1 oscillates in tandem with memory performance in the hippocampus. We then show that local knockdown of Per1 within the DH impairs spatial memory without affecting either the circadian rhythm or sleep behavior. Thus, Per1 may independently function within the DH to regulate memory in addition to its known role in regulating the circadian system within the SCN. Per1 may therefore exert local diurnal control over memory consolidation within the DH.

Mapping human mobility and analyzing spatial memory: palimpsest landscapes of movement in the Gobi-Altai Mountains, Mongolia

The significance of local spatial choices and memory and their impact on mobility networks is scarcely recognised in Mongolian archaeology. Here, we present a mapping strategy aimed at disentangling the landscapes of movement and investigating the materiality that accumulated in the palimpsest of the Ikh Bogd Uul Mountain (Bayankhongor, Mongolia).Based on an integrated and diachronic approach, our analysis encompasses a variety of strategies and sources: satellite imagery and historical cartography, a rescaling of the research area and path-centered fieldwork, which we conceptualize as 'linear’ survey. We document Late Prehistoric mounds as well as ‘modern’ springs, pastoral campsites, and paths. They are interpreted as landscape-objects associated with persistent mobility patterns and the construction of local knowledge and identity – in the sense of a nutag or homeland.This study thus contributes to expanding the archaeological information available for a remote and scarcely investigated area and enriching the archaeological approach to a complex and highly mobile context over time. It also offers new insights into how ancient mobility contributed to shaping the local landscapes of movement, both in terms of seasonal pastoral shifts and long-distance networks in the Mongolian and Central Eurasian Late Prehistory and afterwards.

Dispositif, Biopolitical Governance, and Significance of Genealogical Approach in Navigating Refugees’ Experiences of Camp and Community

Foucault’s distinction between biopolitics and biopower is significant to society, a normative body in terms of seeing biopower as the practical production of the visible and invisible poles of the dispositif through interdependent discursive and institutional practices of administration. This paper fundamentally discusses two theoretical ideas ingrained with the notion of Foucauldian biopolitics---dispositif and genealogy that Foucault brought into account for merging them into modern biopolitical administrative forces. First, it discusses the idea of dispositif as a mechanism of governance and critically examines its connection to biopower and biopolitics. Second, it analyzes the notion of genealogy as a tool to navigate the politics of forced migration and refugees’ local memories, discursive construction, and fragmentation of previously-coherent ideas and practices and the cohering of formerly disparate ones through a lens that does not privilege the present as the destination of the past.

Chrysin Attenuates Oxidative Stress to Alleviate Sevoflurane-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Aged Rats.

Anesthesia-induced cognitive impairments are common for elder patients after surgery. Oxidative stress is the predominant factor contributing to the impairments. This study was to assess the therapeutic potential of an anti-oxidative naturally occurring flavonoid, chrysin, in attenuating sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairments in rat models. Rat models of cognitive impairments were constructed by exposing aged rats (18 months old) to sevoflurane for 2 h. Chrysin was administered via oral gavage at the dose of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day for seven days. The elevated plus maze test was used to assess anxiety and explorative behaviors. Spatial memory tests were performed using novel object recognition test, object location memory task, and water maze experiments. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring levels of malondialdehyde, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, 4-hydroxynonenal, and glutathione using colorimetric assays. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to analyze how chrysin affects nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf) signaling. While sevoflurane anesthesia led to significant decline in cognitive performance in object recognition test, object location memory task, and water maze test, chrysin exerted significant effects in alleviating the impairments. Oxidative stress was also reduced in the hippocampus tissue of rats after chrysin intake. Nrf signaling was activated by chrysin treatment in sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment models. Chrysin was effective in alleviating cognitive impairments induced by sevoflurane anesthesia, which was at least in part facilitated by its effects in reducing oxidative stress via activating Nrf signaling.

A Novel Multi-Attack IDS Framework for Intelligent Connected Terminals Based on Over-the-Air Signature Updates

Modern terminals are developing toward intelligence and ubiquitous connection. Such ICTs (intelligent connected terminals) interact more frequently with the outside world and expose new attack surfaces. IDSs (intrusion detection systems) play a vital role in protecting ICT security. Multi-attack IDSs that can cover both intra-terminal and inter-terminal networks are a promising research direction for improving detection accuracy and the strength of security protection. However, a major challenge is the frequent dynamic signature updates across the network boundary, which cause significant computational overheads and result in losses in detection performance. In light of this, we propose a novel IDS framework based on OTA (over-the-air) signature updates to implement multi-attack detection. It updates the attack signatures of the target ICTs and adds the new attack signatures to the signature database in order to minimize the local memory storage and computing resources. It employs a CNN (convolutional neural network) based on an auto-encoder to achieve multi-attack detection, which can ensure the detection accuracy of multi-attacks with the multiple classification function. We evaluated our framework on four types of real-world ICT attack data, drawing comparisons with four widely used IDS schemes, and demonstrated the non-negligible superiority of our scheme over all benchmarks in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. Our work represents an important step toward an IDS that can detect multi-attacks in both intra-terminal and inter-terminal networks.

We are memory: B-cell responses in allergy and tolerance.

The significance of B-cell memory in sustaining IgE-mediated allergies but also ensuring the development of long-term allergen tolerance has remained enigmatic. However, well-thought murine and human studies have begun to shed more light on this highly disputed subject. The present mini review highlights important aspects, like the involvement of IgG1 memory B cells, the meaning of low- or high-affinity IgE antibody production, the impact of allergen immunotherapy, or the relevance of local memory established by ectopic lymphoid structures. Based on recent findings, future investigations should lead to deeper knowledge and the development of improved therapies treating allergic individuals.

Strategic control of location and ordinal context in visual working memory.

Working memory (WM) requires encoding stimulus identity and context (e.g. where or when stimuli were encountered). To explore the neural bases of the strategic control of context binding in WM, we acquired fMRI while subjects performed delayed recognition of 3 orientation patches presented serially and at different locations. The recognition probe was an orientation patch with a superimposed digit, and pretrial instructions directed subjects to respond according to its location ("location-relevant"), to the ordinal position corresponding to its digit ("order-relevant"), or to just its orientation (relative to all three samples; "context-irrelevant"). Delay period signal in PPC was greater for context-relevant than for "context-irrelevant" trials, and multivariate decoding revealed strong sensitivity to context binding requirements (relevant vs. "irrelevant") and to context domain ("location-" vs. "order-relevant") in both occipital cortex and PPC. At recognition, multivariate inverted encoding modeling revealed markedly different patterns in these 2 regions, suggesting different context-processing functions. In occipital cortex, an active representation of the location of each of the 3 samples was reinstated regardless of the trial type. The pattern in PPC, by contrast, suggested a trial type-dependent filtering of sample information. These results indicate that PPC exerts strategic control over the representation of stimulus context in visual WM.

The memory clinic and psychosocial intervention: Translating past promise into current practices.

Disproportionate negative effects since the pandemic have amplified the already limited post-diagnostic support for older people with dementia. This paper summarizes an exploratory randomized controlled study of a proactive family-based intervention compared with "usual" post-diagnostic dementia care. Memory clinic practitioners collaborated with the family doctor (GP) to coordinate this. At 12-month follow-up, positive effects on mood, behavior, carer coping and maintenance of care at home were found. Current approaches to deliver post-diagnostic support in primary care may require rethinking since (i) GP workloads have increased with low numbers of GPs per head of population in parts of England; and (ii) unlike many other long-term conditions, ongoing stigma, fear and uncertainty associated with dementia adds to the huge complexity of timely care provision. There is a case for return to a "one-stop facility", with a single pathway of continuing multidisciplinary coordinated care for older people with dementia and families. Future longitudinal research could compare structured post-diagnostic psychosocial intervention coordinated by skilled practitioners in a single locality memory service "hub", against other approaches such support organized mostly within primary care. Dementia-specific instruments for outcome measurement are available for use in routine practice, and should be included in such comparative studies.

The difficult, divisive and disruptive heritage of the Queensland Native Mounted Police

The colonial history of nineteenth-century Queensland was arguably dominated by the actions of the Native Mounted Police, Australia’s most punitive native policing force. The centrality of the Native Mounted Police to the sustained economic success of Queensland for over half a century, and their widespread, devastating effects on Aboriginal societies across the colony, have left a complex legacy. For non-Indigenous Queenslanders, a process of obscuring the Native Mounted Police began perhaps as soon as a detachment was removed from an area, reflected today in the minimisation of the Native Mounted Police in official histories and their omission from non-Indigenous heritage lists. In contrast, the Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Database preserves several elements of frontier conflict and Native Mounted Police presence, giving rise to parallel state-level narratives, neither of which map directly onto local and regional memory. This highlights potential issues for formal processes of truth-telling relating to frontier conflict that have recently been initiated by the Queensland and Federal Governments. Of particular concern is the form that such a process might adopt. Drawing on a 4-year project to document the workings of the Queensland Native Mounted Police through archival, archaeological and oral historical sources, we suggest that this conflicted and conflictual heritage can best be bridged through empathetic truth-telling, using Rothberg’s notion of the implicated subject to consider contemporary contexts of responsibility and connect present-day Queenslanders with this difficult, divisive and disruptive past.

Establishment of a vaginal organoid system to study local resident memory T cell differentiation

Abstract Over a million sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are acquired every day worldwide, many of which preferentially target the female reproductive tract (FRT). Resident memory T cells (TRM) in the vaginal mucosa have proven protective roles against these STDs. Accordingly, a crucial objective of STD vaccinations is to establish a higher quantity and quality of TRM in the FRT. The vaginal epithelium has been implicated in regulation of local TRM differentiation and function, but the biological nature of this interaction has not been investigated. Here, we established a murine three dimensional (3D) vaginal organoid-CD8 coculture system to examine epithelial-T cell interactions at the molecular level. Differentiation of single epithelial stem cells led to the formation of 3D epithelial organoids. These organoids can be maintained long-term through serial passage and structurally resembled vaginal epithelium with a multilayer specialized epithelium. After culturing activated CD8 T cells with the organoids, we assessed the transcriptional and phenotypic composition of the T cells. We found that cocultured CD8 T cells were integrated into the extracellular matrix and acquired phenotypic and functional traits of in vivo TRM. This TRM-biased differentiation could be suppressed by a small molecule inhibitor of the cytokine TGF-β. Overall, the vaginal organoid coculture model recapitulates the in vivo environment far better than traditional 2D cell culture, while retaining high-throughput abilities. Importantly, it will enable highly reductionist experiments to examine the complex epithelial cell-T cell crosstalk to devise targeted approaches for improving CD8 T cell mediated immunosurveillance in the FRT. Supported by grants from NIH (2P20GM109035 & P20GM121298) and by the Searle Scholars award.

Heading Direction Tracks Internally Directed Selective Attention in Visual Working Memory.

We shift our gaze even when we orient attention internally to visual representations in working memory. Here, we show the bodily orienting response associated with internal selective attention is widespread as it also includes the head. In three virtual reality experiments, participants remembered 2 visual items. After a working memory delay, a central color cue indicated which item needed to be reproduced from memory. After the cue, head movements became biased in the direction of the memorized location of the cued memory item-despite there being no items to orient toward in the external environment. The heading-direction bias had a distinct temporal profile from the gaze bias. Our findings reveal that directing attention within the spatial layout of visual working memory bears a strong relation to the overt head orienting response we engage when directing attention to sensory information in the external environment. The heading-direction bias further demonstrates common neural circuitry is engaged during external and internal orienting of attention.

Novel insights on atomic synchronization for sort-based group-by on GPUs

Using heterogeneous processing devices, like GPUs, to accelerate relational database operations is a well-known strategy. In this context, the group by operation is highly interesting for two reasons. Firstly, it incurs large processing costs. Secondly, its results (i.e., aggregates) are usually small, reducing data movement costs whose compensation is a major challenge for heterogeneous computing. Generally, for group by computation on GPUs, one relies either on sorting or hashing. Today, empirical results suggest that hash-based approaches are superior. However, by concept, hashing induces an unpredictable memory access pattern conflicting with the architecture of GPUs. This motivates studying why current sort-based approaches are generally inferior. Our results indicate that current sorting solutions cannot exploit the full parallel power of modern GPUs. Experimentally, we show that the issue arises from the need to synchronize parallel threads that access the shared memory location containing the aggregates via atomics. Our quantification of the optimal performance motivates us to investigate how to minimize the overhead of atomics. This results in different variants using atomics, where the best variants almost mitigate the atomics overhead entirely. The results of a large-scale evaluation reveal that our approach achieves a 3x speed-up over existing sort-based approaches and up to 2x speed-up over hash-based approaches.

Enriched environment ameliorates postsurgery sleep deprivation-induced cognitive impairments through the AMPA receptor GluA1 subunit.

As a common postsurgery complication, sleep deprivation (SD) can severely deteriorate the cognitive function of patients. Enriched environment (EE) exposure can increase children's cognitive ability, and whether EE exposure could be utilized to alleviate postsurgery SD-induced cognitive impairments is investigated in this study. Open inguinal hernia repair surgery without skin/muscle retraction was performed on Sprague-Dawley male rats (9-week-old), which were further exposed to EE or standard environment (SE). Elevated plus maze (EPM), novel object recognition (NOR), object location memory (OLM), and Morris Water Maze assays were utilized to monitor cognitive functions. Cresyl violet acetate staining in the Cornusammonis 3 (CA3) region of rat hippocampus was used to detect neuron loss. The relative expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and synaptic glutamate receptor 1 (GluA1) subunits in the hippocampus were detected with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), Western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunofluorescence. EE restored normal levels of time spent in the center, time in distal open arms, open/total arms ratio, and total distance traveled in the EPM test; EE restored normal levels of recognition index in the NOR and OLM test; EE restored normal levels of time in the target quadrant, escape latencies, and platform site crossings in the Morris Water Maze test. EE exposure decreased neuron loss in the CA3 region of the hippocampus with increased BDNF and phosphorylated (p)-GluA1 (ser845) expression. EE ameliorates postsurgery SD-induced cognitive impairments, which may be mediated by the axis of BDNF/GluA1. EE exposure could be considered as an aid in promoting cognitive function in postsurgery SD.

Local Knowledge and Environmental Education in Utila, Bay Islands, Honduras

Researchers of environmental change in island communities increasingly reimagine resilience. Critical theorists ask whether this trend is a net positive for different populations and non-human natures in these fragile spaces. Engaging these critiques in Utila, Bay Islands, Honduras, a place known for marine-based tourism, in this article, we consider whether it is possible to talk about resilience given the constraints placed on conservation NGOs by neoliberal capitalism. We draw on lessons learned from a conservation NGO/anthropology collaboration to produce environmental education programming. This aims to explicitly incorporate local experiences, memories, and knowledge to consider the possibilities offered by documenting, elevating, and celebrating local knowledge in order to offer ways of rethinking resilience conceptually and in practice.

MCrutch: A Novel m-Health Approach Supporting Continuity of Care.

This paper reports the architecture of a low-cost smart crutches system for mobile health applications. The prototype is based on a set of sensorized crutches connected to a custom Android application. Crutches were instrumented with a 6-axis inertial measurement unit, a uniaxial load cell, WiFi connectivity, and a microcontroller for data collection and processing. Crutch orientation and applied force were calibrated with a motion capture system and a force platform. Data are processed and visualized in real-time on the Android smartphone and are stored on the local memory for further offline analysis. The prototype's architecture is reported along with the post-calibration accuracy for estimating crutch orientation (5° RMSE in dynamic conditions) and applied force (10 N RMSE). The system is a mobile-health platform enabling the design and development of real-time biofeedback applications and continuity of care scenarios, such as telemonitoring and telerehabilitation.