Local Landscape Research Articles

Crosshap: R package for local haplotype visualization for trait association analysis.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) excels at harnessing dense genomic variant datasets to identify candidate regions responsible for producing a given phenotype. However, GWAS and traditional fine-mapping methods do not provide insight into the complex local landscape of linkage that contains and has been shaped by the causal variant(s). Here, we present crosshap, an R package that performs robust density-based clustering of variants based on their linkage profiles to capture haplotype structures in a local genomic region of interest. Following this, crosshap is equipped with visualization tools for choosing optimal clustering parameters (ɛ) before producing an intuitive figure that provides an overview of the complex relationships between linked variants, haplotype combinations, phenotype, and metadata traits. The crosshap package is freely available under the MIT license and can be downloaded directly from CRAN with R >4.0.0. The development version is available on GitHub alongside issue support (https://github.com/jacobimarsh/crosshap). Tutorial vignettes and documentation are available (https://jacobimarsh.github.io/crosshap/).

Indigenous collective land titling and the creation of leftovers: Insights from Paraguay and Cambodia

AbstractCollective land titling often drags on for decades, while private land concessions and holdings do not face the same problem, creating ‘leftovers’ of land available for Indigenous peoples to attempt to collectively title. In two ethnographic case studies in Cambodia and Paraguay, we analyse community‐based Indigenous land titling by focusing on the on‐the‐ground dynamics of property relations, Indigenous livelihood shifts and ecological change. In both countries, large agricultural players implemented a staggering change in local landscapes through deforestation, configuring new realities that in turn feed into local environments and titling processes. Adapting their livelihoods to living in the leftovers, in Cambodia, the Indigenous Bunong shifted from rice to rubber as they navigated the slow titling process. In Paraguay, some Indigenous Guarani shifted from corn to cattle by renting out their collectively titled land. The case studies show that the liberal titling approach to secure Indigenous lands overestimates the ability of title to remove land from capitalist logics such as the push to rent or sell, while some spaces of autonomy are opened. We critique the liberal approaches to formalising title, where Indigenous struggles for their ways of life are funnelled into fighting for collective property.

Recent parallel speciation in Antirrhinum involved complex haplotypes and multiple adaptive characters.

A role of ecological adaptation in speciation can be obscured by stochastic processes and differences that species accumulate after genetic isolation. One way to identify adaptive characters and their underlying genes is to study cases of speciation involving parallel adaptations. Recently resolved phylogenies reveal that alpine morphology has evolved in parallel in the genus Antirrhinum (snapdragons): first in an early split of an alpine from a lowland lineage and, more recently, from within the lowland lineage to produce closely related sympatric species with contrasting alpine and lowland forms. Here, we find that two of these later diverged sympatric species are differentiated by only around 2% of nuclear loci. Though showing evidence of recent gene flow, the species remain distinct for a suite of morphological characters typical of earlier-diverged alpine or lowland lineages and their morphologies correlate with features of the local landscape, as expected of ecological adaptations. Morphological differences between the two species involve multiple, unlinked genes so that parental character combinations are readily broken up by recombination in hybrids. We detect little evidence for post-pollination barriers to gene flow or recombination, suggesting that genetic isolation related to ecological adaptation is important in maintaining character combinations and might have contributed to parallel speciation. We also find evidence that genes involved in the earlier alpine-lowland split were reused in parallel evolution of alpine species, consistent with introgressive hybridisation, and speculate that many non-ecological barriers to gene flow might have been purged during the process.

Exploring the Relationship between Touristification and Commercial Gentrification from the Perspective of Tourist Flow Networks: A Case Study of Yuzhong District, Chongqing

Existing research has noted a clear interaction between touristification and commercial gentrification; however, the differences between these two coexisting but distinct phenomena require further research. This study uses online big data and quantitative methods to explore the relationship between touristification and commercial gentrification. Taking Yuzhong District in Chongqing as an example, this study constructs an inter-attraction network based on 1306 itineraries extracted from online travel diaries, develops a method to evaluate community tourism centrality based on network analysis, and examines the correlation between community tourism centrality, touristification, and commercial gentrification. The results suggest that attractions with historical value, unique local landscapes, and mixed functions show greater tourism centrality in the tourist flow network. Attractions with similar themes are more likely to be included in one travel route, and the influence of distance is insignificant at the district level. Communities with higher tourism centrality are clustered in old city areas with a rich historic heritage and have experienced profound commercialisation. Although similar, touristification is primarily a bottom-up process, while commercial gentrification tends to be more involved with the top-down urban planning process. This study contributes to the methodological development of network analysis in tourism research and advances the understanding of the different mechanisms of touristification and commercial gentrification.

Groundwater recharge influenced by ephemeral river flow and land use in the semiarid Limpopo Province of South Africa

Determining the sustainability of groundwater use in drylands with high climate variability is complex. Central to this determination is an understanding of groundwater recharge and associated processes and controls. Groundwater recharge in drylands can occur by diffuse and focused recharge (focused recharge being associated with intense episodic rainfall events and ephemeral river flow, predicted to increase and intensify with climate change). This study evaluated the relative significance and dominant controls on these two recharge processes. Ten groundwater hydrographs with multidecadal observations were collated from the Limpopo Province, South Africa, based on their proximity to river channels and rain gauges, representing diversity in local climate, landscape, vegetation, and hydrogeological conditions. The hydrographs showed that groundwater-level rises are sensitive to rainfall intensity during the rainy season, with generally larger increases after years with large episodic rainfall events, which disproportionately contribute to groundwater replenishment. Recharge processes and annual recharge volumes were quantified using the water-table fluctuation method and the numerical model HYDRUS-1D. This allowed for the inference of additional recharge contributions from focused recharge in proximity to ephemeral rivers, up to a factor of five relative to diffuse recharge. The analysis revealed synchronicity and linear correlation between annual river discharge and recharge close to the river, substantiating the importance of focused recharge close to the river network. The study showed that recharge in drylands is subject to large spatial and temporal variation and that consideration of focused and episodic recharge is critically important for managing groundwater resources at various scales in these regions.

Spatial variation in dissolved organic matter in a vegetation-restored ephemeral gully on the semi-arid region

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a crucial fraction of soil organic carbon, playing a key role in assessing soil quality. Nonetheless, the spatial variation characteristics of DOM in typical geomorphic units are not systematically understood. Accordingly, in this study, we selected the widely distributed vegetation-restored ephemeral gullies (EGs) in a typical semi-arid region, and sample points were arranged along the EG top (ET) and EG floor (EF) from the head to the end of the EGs with equal intervals. Soil samples were taken from the top soil layer (TL), middle soil layer (ML) and bottom soil layer (BL) at each sample point. Spatial variation characteristics and driving factors of DOM in the EGs were identified using 3D excitation emission matrix spectral, UV–visible spectral, parallel factor analysis, and principal component analysis. The results showed that the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) contents of the TL varied greatly with the distance from the EG head, but those of the ML and BL were kept stable for both the ET and EF. The DOC contents of the TL at the ET (103.29 mg kg−1) and EF (101.63 mg kg−1) were 2.65, 4.10 and 2.20, 2.90 times higher than those of the ML and BL, respectively. The DOM of the EGs were primarily composed of humic acid-like substances (i.e., C1 and C2) and a protein-like substance (i.e., C3). The DOM of the TL and ML were organic matter with high aromaticity and molecular weight, while the DOM in the BL was lower in these two indexes for the EGs. The landscape location (i.e., ET and EF) only had a significant effect on the proportion of the C1, C2, and C3 of the ML. The variation in DOM characteristics on the EGs were highly ascribed to the differences in the accumulation or distribution of biocrusts, and plant litter and root.

Association between bryophytes and seedlings in Nothofagussub‐Antarctic forests

AbstractBryophytes, which include mosses, liverworts and hornworts, indeed play a significant role in the natural dynamics of native forests. They contribute to fundamental ecological processes such as tree regeneration. In this context, the objective was to analyse the association of bryophytes with Nothofagus seedlings, as well as whether the substrates where bryophytes grew influenced bryophyte‐tree seedling association, in sub‐Antarctic forests at two contrasting landscapes (coastal and mountain) of Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), to better understand their impacts on the natural regeneration processes. We hypothesized that bryophytes act as a substrate for seed germination and initial regeneration growth in pure and mixed forests of N. pumilio and N. betuloides, resulting in widespread tree seedlings–bryophyte associations in all landscapes. In each forest and landscape location, 60 transects were established (10 m in length) to evaluate bryophyte cover (by point intercept method) and substrate type (bare soil, decaying wood and litter cover) where they were growing. An adaptation of the relative interaction index (RII) based on tree seedling cover associated with bryophyte species (%) and tree seedling cover in the absence of bryophytes (%) was calculated and analysed to assess competition or facilitation between bryophytes and tree seedlings. Nothofagus pumilio seedlings were less abundant in bryophytes compared to other substrates, suggesting an inhibitory effect on the germination and/or survival of N. pumilio. In contrast, the seedlings of N. betuloides, in both pure and mixed forests, exhibited higher abundance on bryophyte substrates, particularly in mosses at mountain landscape (RII = 0.83 ± 0.08 in litter and 0.62 ± 0.11 in decaying wood). These findings suggest that bryophytes play a facilitating role for N. betuloides seedlings during germination and initial phases of growth, mainly in the mountain. Therefore, their conservation promotes N. betuloides forest continuity, both in pure and mixed structures.

Parasitoids of the cabbage seed weevil deliver high and consistent parasitism in variable landscapes: A showcase of conservation biocontrol.

Insect pest resistance to insecticides and societal pressure to reduce pesticide load has increased oilseed rape (OSR) farmers' motivation to protect and exploit parasitoids for pest control. However, parasitoid presence and parasitism must be made visible to influence farmers' spraying decisions. Parasitism of cabbage seed weevil (CSW) (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham)) reduces damage to OSR immediately, making them a good case for demonstrating conservation biocontrol to farmers. We assessed the occurrence and activity of CSW parasitoids in 84 OSR fields over 2 years and identified the impact of associated local landscape factors. Mean cabbage seed weevil infestation rates were 11% and 10% in 2020 and 2021, and parasitism rates were high in both years (75% and 74%, respectively). Temporal and spatial dynamics of OSR in the landscape surrounding the focal fields were important for both CSW and parasitoid numbers, suggesting a dilution effect for increasing OSR area since the previous year. A multimodel inference analysis showed that OSR-related factors were important predictors for both the infestation rate of CSW and the number of parasitoids. For parasitoids, protected nature areas and hedgerows were important. Parasitism rates were high and largely unaffected by landscape factors. CSW and its parasitoids respond similarly to interannual changes in the OSR resource; in addition, parasitoids benefit from uncropped areas in the surrounding landscape. The complexity of the pest and parasitoid response to landscape factors limits the prospect of designing landscapes for improved pest control by the parasitoids. Parasitoids of CSW may be present as local populations in agricultural landscapes with the potential for consistent and substantial parasitism. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Aerial insectivorous bat responses to 30 years of forest insularization in a dam-created Amazonian archipelagic landscape

Mega dams result in habitat loss and fragmentation in lowland tropical forests, compromising the diversity and ecosystem functioning in remnant habitat islands. We investigated the structure of aerial insectivorous bat assemblages within insular forest patches created by a vast ∼30-year-old hydropower reservoir and adjacent mainland continuous forests in Central Amazonia. Bats were surveyed using passive bat recorders across 34 sites. We assessed bat assemblage responses to landscape insularization and estimated the contribution of assemblage-wide components of β-diversity. Additionally, we assessed the effects of local vegetation, and both patch and landscape variables on bat species diversity. Continuous forest sites in the mainland retained higher species richness and bat activity compared to islands, leading to divergent species composition between forest sites. Larger islands (>100 ha) and continuous forests tended to share a similar assemblage composition manly drive by species richness differences with a minor contribution of species replacements. Moreover, local vegetation structure, island size, and landscape edge area exerted significant effects on species richness, bat activity, and species composition, with small degraded islands and landscapes dominated by forest edges exhibiting pervasive species loss. Our study highlights the detrimental impacts of forest fragmentation induced by large dams on aerial insectivorous bat assemblages. If new dam projects are inevitable, we recommend the creation of extensive protected areas in land-bridge island systems and their adjacent continuous forests. Those protected sites can minimize the negative impacts of small islands, safeguarding forest quality for forest-dependent bats, which ensures the continuity of their ecosystem services.

Beyond Bananas

Abstract From 1926 to 1974, the United Fruit Company operated the Lancetilla Experiment Station near Tela, Honduras. As a laboratory and botanical garden where one of the world's largest living collections of tropical fruits could be found, it stood in apparent contrast to the vast banana monocultures of the surrounding area. While United Fruit's infamous plantations depended on the application of pesticides and chemical knowledge to produce a single commodity crop, its Lancetilla Experiment Station pursued a broad research program oriented toward agricultural diversification. This essay examines the history of Lancetilla to explore the company's sponsorship of science and the multiple, shifting meanings of “diversification” within this prototypical transnational agribusiness. The history of experimentation at Lancetilla reveals a range of contested visions of economic development in twentieth-century Latin America, and it is a history that has left surprising traces in both local Honduran landscapes and the face of global agribusiness today. Ultimately, by introducing oil palm to Central America, United Fruit's crop diversification project served to replace one monoculture with another.

The Tourist Exploitation of the Cultural Landscape of Ocna Mureș - as a Factor of Socio-Economic Well-Being and an Alternative to the Major Impact Consequences Induced by Floods in the Anthropocene

"Human society, as an integral part of the environment, is subject to the consequences of the various specific natural phenomena and processes. Similarly, human intervention exerts its own impact on the environment, the influences being reciprocal. In the Anthropocene, the current geological period of Earth’s existence, some phenomena, through their way of manifestation, can produce dramatic changes in certain environments, consequently being categorized as dangerous by humans. In the temperate zone, these include: earthquakes, landslides, large-scale storms, floods, prolonged droughts, fires, pollution, epidemics, etc., with various causes, from natural to anthropogenic or mixed. In the context of the increasingly significant phenomena related to climate change, the concerns in the field of the cultural landscape were naturally joined by those related to the study of the impact of various risks within it. As a research area, the surface of the city of Ocna Mureș, closely linked to the middle course of the Mureș River, lends itself to the investigation of the impact of these types of risks connected with the evolution of the local cultural landscape. Numerous floods have occurred over time causing immense damage to the city and, at the same time, brought substantial changes to the elements of the environment and the cultural landscape as a whole. The perpetual decline of the local economy, especially of the mining and processing industry, starting from the 1990s until recently, can facilitate the emergence of the opportunity for tourism capitalization of the cultural landscape, marked to a large extent by the existence of the salt resource; all this in accordance with the principles of sustainable development and careful management of potential environmental risks. These basic aspects regarding the risk of floods and the opportunity for the tourism exploitation of the local cultural landscape, stated previously, shall be analysed, argued and highlighted in the paper. Keywords: cultural landscape, Ocna Mureș, floods, tourism exploitation, Anthropocene."

Host ecology and biogeography drive parasite community composition in Atlantic killifishes.

Understanding the mechanisms of parasite community assembly can be confounded by phylogenetic distance among host species. Addressing this requires focusing on parasite communities within closely related taxa. Thus, we took a macroecological approach to examining parasite community structure within Killifish species in the genus Fundulus to disentangle the effects of host phylogeny and ecological variables. We constructed a database of parasite communities within Fundulus species from 15 published and unpublished surveys covering the Atlantic coast of the US and Canada. The database was expanded by sampling sites in underrepresented provinces and states, totaling 10 Fundulus species from 57 unique geographic sites. Univariate analysis of observed parasite species richness among Fundulus populations in the dataset found that latitude, climate type, and salinity were the dominant factors determining parasite species richness. Multivariate analysis found that host species and landscape type were the most important factors in determining the similarity of parasite assemblages. Unexpectedly, parasite species richness decreased in low latitudes, and host phylogenetic distance was not found to be a significant factor in the similarity of parasite communities. These results indicate that commonly reported large-scale drivers of parasite community structure, such as latitude and phylogeny, could have diminished significance at the host genus level relative to host ecology, biogeography, and local landscape factors.

In the Time of Megaprojects: Classed Temporal Scales along a Moroccan Highspeed-Rail Corridor

ABSTRACT Capitalizing on its comparative political and social stability in the region, the Moroccan regime has been attracting global and regional investors with the promise of new ‘megaprojects’ that aim to radically transform local natural, economic and social landscapes. Inaugurated in 2018, Morocco’s (and Africa’s) first high-speed rail line (LGV) is a flagship megaproject. Part of a wider ‘development corridor’, this 2-billion-euro infrastructure has become invested with political, ideological, and affective meanings related to ideas of mobility and future prosperity, even as it violently displaced informal housing communities and created disruptions along the existing network. This paper focuses on the LGV's temporal dimensions and organizes the discussion around three overlapping time-scales, which I identify as co-productive of the politics, promises and experiences of contemporary megaprojects. Scaling emerges as a political process of spatiotemporal re-ordering that contributes to the consolidation of unequal social orders while also providing a conduit for their critique.

Rural space and the local food landscape: consumers’ construction of food localness through the politics of belonging

PurposeThis study aims to investigate consumers’ construction of food localness through the politics of belonging in a regional context.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a socio-spatial lens and considering the “realm of meaning” of place, this research focusses on local consumers’ lived meanings of “local” food choice, and hence adopts a phenomenological approach to the data collection and analysis of 20 in-depth interviews with residents of the Italian region of Marche.FindingsDrawing on Trudeau’s (2006) politics of belonging, this study reveals three interconnected themes which show how local consumers articulate a local food “orthodoxy” and how their discourses and practices draw and maintain a boundary between local and non-local food, whereby local food is considered “autochthonous” of rural space. Thus, this study’s participants construct a local food landscape, conveying rural (vs urban) meanings through which food acquires “localness” (vs non-“localness”) status.Research limitations/implicationsThere exists further theoretical opportunity to consider local consumers’ construction of food localness through the politics of belonging in terms of non-representational theory (Thrift, 2008), to help reveal added nuances to the construction of food localness as well as to the complex process of formulating place meaning.Practical implicationsThe findings provide considerable scope for food producers, manufacturers and/or marketers to differentiate local food products by enhancing consumers’ direct experience of it in relation to rural space. Thus, enabling local food producers to convey rural (vs urban) meanings to consumers, who would develop an orthodoxy guiding future choice.Social implicationsThe findings enable regional promoters and food policymakers to leverage the symbolic distinctiveness of food autochthony to promote place and encourage consumers to participate in their local food system.Originality/valueBy using the politics of belonging as an analytical framework, this study shows that the urban–rural dichotomy – rather than being an obsolete epistemological category – fuels politics of belonging dynamics, and that local food consumers socially construct food localness not merely as a romanticisation of rurality but as a territorial expression of the contemporary local/non-local cultural conflict implied in the politics of belonging. Thus, this study advances our theoretical understanding by demonstrating that food “becomes” local and therefore, builds on extant food localness conceptualisations.

Origin of quasi-linear superelasticity at high temperature in Ni–Mn-Ga-Co shape memory alloy

The quasi-linear superelasticity in Ni–Mn-Ga-Co shape memory alloy displays a complete recoverable strain of ∼3% at 473 K for the cubic phase in precursor state. The in-situ neutron diffraction experiments provide the direct evidence on the stress-induced transition from the precursor state to martensite via the continuous variation of lattice parameter and peak width under uniaxial stress field. The anomalous broadening in peak width suggests that the external stress field may trigger very high heterogeneity in lattice distortion for the initial precursor state having randomly-distributed domains with short-range strain ordering prior to the martensitic transformation. The origin of the quasi-linear superelasticity at high temperature is considered as the ruggedness of the local energy landscape. The present investigations provide new insight into the understanding of superelasticity in shape memory alloys.

Assessing scenic beauty of hilly and mountain villages: An approach based on landscape indicators

With the growing demand for cultural ecosystem services around the world, many countries and regions have recognized the importance of the scenic beauty of villages and have introduced relevant policies. Many less modernized hilly and mountain villages will be redesigned. It is important to develop a model to predict the scenic beauty of these villages. However, only limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the scenic beauty of villages. This study aimed to explore the procedures for assessing the scenic beauty of mountain and hilly villages and to investigate the relationship between scenic beauty and landscape indicators. We first summarized the characteristics of these villages. Based on these characteristics, a series of indicators such as depth values and landscape metrics were used as independent variables, while photo scores were used as dependent variables, and different prediction models were developed with multiple linear regression, principal component regression, and support vector regression. Statistical metrics and the generalization ability of different models were compared. The results indicated that the inner areas of Xitou villages had the lowest scenic beauty scores, and people preferred natural scenery. Among landscape indicators, landscape diversity metrics and shape metrics have a significant impact on scenic beauty. Landscapes with a combination of multiple elements and not overly complex shapes may be more attractive. There was a significant negative correlation between mean depth and scenic beauty, implying that people prefer open space. It is essential to consider the depth value when evaluating scenic beauty in regions with strong 3-dimensional elements. The comparison between the three models revealed that the complex nonlinear algorithm performed and generalized better than linear models in villages where these areas are smaller and more sensitive to subtle changes. The method can be applied to other hilly and mountain villages in China, helping designers and decision-makers to output more reasonable planning and management schemes to fully utilize the local landscape and enhance tourism competitiveness and villagers' well-being.

Pluralizing environmental values for urban planning: How to uncover the diversity of imaginaries about socio‐natures from Vitoria‐Gasteiz (Basque Country, Spain)

Abstract Cities have pushed forward re‐naturing initiatives in local planning agendas. Discourses and rationales for such interventions tend to follow instrumental framings often narrowed down to the economic, health and ecological benefits of nature's contributions to people (NCP). Yet, diverse urban residents often connect to other socio‐nature framings that are associated with a plurality of values held for nature, including relational, intrinsic, and instrumental values. Focusing mostly on urban NCP, we used Q‐methodology to explore the perspectives and expressions of urban residents' diversity of values for urban greenery and broader human‐nature relationships. We explore the role of both instrumental and relational values, as well as certain potential disvalues of urban NCP. In light of the recent IPBES values assessment (IPBES, 2022) we follow a call for empirical studies and methodologies to explore, elicit and visibilize plural values about nature. We base our study in the Basque city of Vitoria‐Gasteiz, Spain (2012 European Green Capital) where we identify four distinct perspectives, all of which relate to a diversity of values about urban nature. Urban residents mostly perceive positive values for NCP as directly connected to their wellbeing. Yet, NCP that impact social bonds within their social community, expressed for instance through community‐related values, are perceived differently across the four perspectives. We conclude that planners and decision‐makers should pay scrutiny to include the four, partly differing, perspectives about the plural values of (urban) NCP in policymaking processes to assure just and inclusive outcomes. Here, intersectional and participatory approaches are needed beyond dominating framings of NCPs and related values, especially those that can take into account the needs and preferences of marginalized social groups. Special emphasis should be put on integrating relational values as nourishing such values through planning can play an important role in creating place‐rooted connections with local urban landscapes and the community. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

A Fraying Connection: Israeli-American Perspectives on Diasporic Hebrew Learning Through and Beyond Jewish Education

ABSTRACT In this hybrid ethnographic case study, I explore how a cadre of Israeli-American parents in Los Angeles navigate the local Hebrew education landscape to seek linguistic resources for their children. I examine how participants envision Hebrew learning and determine the roles of Jewish, Israeli-serving, and public schools in transmitting Hebrew language, Judaism, and Israeli identity. Participants’ perspectives on the vitality and utility of American Jewish institutions mediate their interest in various Hebrew learning offerings, surfacing cues that signal an institution’s trustworthiness. This paper expands discourse on Hebrew education by foregrounding Israeli-heritage individuals’ concerns regarding diasporic Hebrew learning.

Knowing a coastal Sámi landscape in Finnmark: transmission and regeneration of knowledge and identity across three generations

ABSTRACT This article discusses the role of knowledge and practices related to the natural environment in constructing and regenerating identities as Coastal Sámi across generations. The discussion draws on empirical material from a local community on the coast of Finnmark in northern Norway. To what extent are coastal Sámi identities today related to knowing specific landscapes? We explore how knowing a landscape through practical engagement and livelihood-related tasks in the local environment is part of identity regeneration in succeeding generations – from grandparents to grandchildren. Our discussion is situated in a growing field of academic and ethnopolitical contributions exploring Sámi knowledge and relationships to local landscapes and environments, drawing upon some key concepts in the broader literature on local knowledge and relational conceptions of knowledge and knowing in inter-generational transmission. We show how this transmission is performed as active re-generation through shared lived experiences of practice, as well as through narratives transmitted across generations. The empirical material analyzed here consists of narratives collected through interviews with members of three generations in eight families belonging to a predominantly coastal Sámi community in coastal Finnmark during 2018-2019.

Supporting a Patient with Intellectual Disability in a GP Clinic: A Practical Approach

People with intellectual disability(PwID) pose a challenge to Primary Care Physicians due to their complex care needs arising from their multiple biological, psychological, social and factors. Although the exact prevalence is not documented in Singapore, it is estimated that about 3% of the population has Intellectual Disability. The local primary healthcare landscape is due to undergo significant changes with the implementation of Healthier SG and this will see the empanelment of patients to one family physician to ensure ongoing care continuity and personalised healthcare for the local population. Primary healthcare providers are aptly placed to manage PwID, with the aim of maintaining these patients in the community and reducing the stressors that their secondary care partners are already facing. To achieve this, it is recommended that comprehensive assessments looking at the patient as well as their family, social and care network be done. There are numerous obstacles to consider, from encouraging and allowing access to healthcare providers, to managing the consultation so that effective information exchange can occur, to effective management of medical, behavioural issues and management of the patients carer, family and support network. An effective interprofessional approach in the management of PwID and support to their family/carers not only ensures their holistic well-being, but also their ability to integrate into the community.