Local Heat Transfer Coefficient Research Articles

Heat transfer and flow analysis of a novel particle heater using CFD-DEM

CFD-DEM coupled simulations of a unique gravity-fed particle heater are performed. Physical and heat transfer properties of the solid particles and walls are varied to determine their relative impact on the local heat transfer coefficient along the heater surfaces. The varied parameters are the coefficient of restitution, particle-particle and particle-wall friction coefficients, particle size distribution, normal spring constant, particle conductivity, particle specific heat, and the numerical lens radius. The local heat transfer coefficient increases when the local void fraction along the heater surface decreases. In addition to analyzing thermal performance, flow instabilities are also identified under certain conditions. The outlet particle flow oscillates when the top of each heater is rounded. For heaters with sharp top edges, the local heat transfer coefficient and void fraction profiles change dramatically. The sharp corners remove the particle stagnation point, and the particles adhere to the surface better which increases the heat transfer.

Improved model for thermal transmission in evacuated tubes: Effect of non-uniform heat flux and circumferential conduction

Evacuated tubes are extensively utilized for converting solar energy into thermal energy owing to their exceptional thermal properties and affordability. The circumferential temperature gradient of the evacuated tube is significant to the heat and mass transfer inside, but it is often neglected. This research proposed an improved model incorporating non-uniform heat flux and circumferential conduction to obtain the temperature distribution. In the experiment, A thermal insulation material was inserted inside the inner tube to create an adiabatic boundary. Various conditions (non-uniform, rectangular, and uniform heat fluxes, circumferential conduction of the coating) were numerically compared. The enhanced combined thermal transmission model was validated, demonstrating a relative error of 6.45 % in temperature increase calculation and increasing the prediction accuracy by 42.15 % at least. The distribution of the heat flux and the thermal conduction of the coating were identified as the primary factors affecting the heat transfer properties of the evacuated tube. An imbalanced distribution of heat flux resulted in non-uniform heat transfer, whereas the circumferential conduction within the coating effectively modulated the temperature distribution to achieve uniformity. The local heat transfer coefficient exhibited non-uniformity, with calculated values ranging from 0.23 to 3.25 W/(m2∙K), and an error range of −16 to +3 %.

Simulation on the performance and cooling capacity compensation solution of a loop thermosyphon system under fan failure conditions

Fan failure of loop thermosyphon systems (LTS) is a major factor affecting thermal safety of data centers. This paper develops a distributed-parameter model to accurately predict the overall and local heat transfer performance of a loop thermosyphon (the terminal equipment of LTS) under fan failure conditions. The simulation results show that the positions of faulty fans have a significant influence on the evaporator's local airside heat transfer coefficient, but have slight influences on the evaporator's local refrigerant heat transfer coefficient and the condenser's overall heat transfer coefficient, which would not increase the risk of heat transfer performance. Thus, fan airflow rate backup can be used to handle fan failure. Then, the effect of operating parameters including backup airflow rate (Bfan), cold water temperature (Tcw) and increment of cold water flow rate (Im,cw) on the effectiveness and efficiency of the cooling capacity compensation under fan failure conditions is analyzed by using the Taguchi method with an L16 orthogonal array. The Bfan is the primary factor contributing 81.51% on cooling capacity compensation, with Tcw and Im,cw contributing 15.25% and 2.38%, respectively. Considering the energy efficiency, the order of adjustment should be Bfan first, Im,cw second, and Tcw last when fan failure occurs.

Influence of Subcooling and pressure on flow boiling in a vertical mini-channel: Heat transfer analysis using inverse method

The background of this study is the problem of thermal runaway in the battery cells of electric vehicles. Increasingly powerful and compact battery packs require highly efficient thermal management. One potential solution is the direct liquid cooling of lithium-ion battery cells using a dielectric liquid which boils over a safety limit temperature. This approach intends to prevent in a first step the cell thermal runaway and if it fails in a second step its propagation to its neighbors: the liquid boiling helps to mitigate the cell temperature rise and to transport and spread the heat. The arrangement of the cells in the pack and their close spacing induce a scientific problem of convective boiling in a mini-channel. To enhance designs using this solution, a comprehensive understanding of flow boiling and a precise local heat transfer quantification is essential. The HFE-7100 has been selected as a working fluid for its attractive thermophysical properties and a suitable saturation temperature.The present paper introduces new experimental results of flow boiling dielectric fluid, the HFE-7100, in a vertical rectangular mini-channel. Measurements are carried out from start of boiling to dry-out. Boiling curves are obtained for a mass flux of 391 kg/(m².s), at different pressures (0.7, 1, 1.5 bar) and at different subcoolings (ΔTsub=0;15;30;45∘C). The test section is an aluminum block instrumented with three lines of five K-type thermocouples located all along the flow. The visualization of the flow is achieved through a glass pane with a high-speed camera to identify different flow patterns. The local heat transfer coefficient is calculated by a resolution of a 2D inverse heat conduction method.The experiment mainly aims at determining the heat transfer coefficient, the critical heat flux (CHF) and the pressure drop and at characterizing both the flow regimes and the dry-out phenomenon. The influence of subcooling and pressure on flow boiling is analyzed. An increase in subcooling enhances the CHF and the heat transfer coefficient, and delays the dry-out. Subcooling has an impact on the flow pattern and modifies the type of CHF. In the operating conditions tested, a decrease in pressure enhances CHF and delays dry-out. On the other hand, the heat transfer coefficient increases with rising pressure. Similarly, pressure drops are lower with higher pressure.

Experimental Investigation of Forced Convection in Plain or Partly Inserted Square Channel with Porous Media

Several techniques are used to improve the channels' heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. One of the methods used for these improvements is porous media (PM). This research deals with an experimental study of heat transfer by forced convection inside a square-shaped channel (0.12 x 0.12 m2) with a length of (0.5 m) and a hydraulic diameter of (0.12 m). The heat flux (4791.7 W/m2) is exposed below the test section, and other walls are thermally insulated. The air was used as the working fluid for the Reynolds number range (2689.6 to 5806.3). The channel was partially filled with the PM (glass spheres with 5mm diameter) by taking three different heights layers (20, 40, and 60 mm) and knowing its effect on the temperature distribution, the local heat transfer coefficient, locally Nusselt number, and the average heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. Also, the same parameters were studied without PM inside the channel (plain). The results showed that the PM improved the heat transfer coefficient and the Nusselt number. Also, the temperature distribution decreased gradually with the Reynolds number increase for each height layer, the local heat transfer coefficient and local Nusselt number gradually reduced with the length of the test section increase for each Reynolds number, average Nusselt number increased gradually with the growth of the Reynolds number for each height layer. The PM layer at a height of (60 mm) gave the best improvement in the heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number compared to the other layers. In addition, the friction factor across the test section at this layer decreases gradually with increasing fluid velocity.

Effect of Strip-Fin Height on Jet Impingement Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel at Two Jet-to-Target Surface Spacings

Abstract An experimental investigation of heat transfer performance in a rectangular impingement channel featuring staggered strip-fins was completed. Four configurations were considered to study the effects of varying the strip-fin height (H/d = 1.5 and 2.75) at two jet-to-target surface spacings (z/d = 3 and 6) on the heat transfer, pressure loss, and crossflow magnitude for a long impingement channel with in-line, 4 × 12 impinging jets. Also, the effect of the reference temperature choice, either jet inlet temperature or local bulk temperature, for calculating the local heat transfer coefficients was considered. The regionally averaged heat transfer coefficients were measured at seven Reynolds numbers, based on the jet diameter (10k–70k) utilizing the copper plate experimental method. The empirical correlations were expressed for the area averaged Nusselt number estimation of impingement channels with strip-fin or pin-fin roughness elements. The results showed that the long strip-fin channel with z/d = 3 provided the best thermal performance. The discharge coefficients are similar for all configurations between Rejet = 10k and 50k. The results are compared with the impingement channels with conventional pin-fins. They show that strip-fin channels provide lower pressure drop with marginally better heat transfer coefficients compared to the conventional pin-fin channels. However, when the channel weight is considered, strip-fins would increase the roughness material volume more than the conventional pin-fins.

Analysis of Confined Jet Impingement in Converging Annular Microchannel Heat Sinks

Jet impingement cooling is deemed an excellent choice for the thermal management of high-power electronics. However, high-pressure drop penalties and low local heat transfer coefficients in regions far from the jet zone are its drawbacks. Although it is reported that recirculation areas appear because of the entrainment, the effects of recirculation size on thermal behavior are not understood well enough. Here, jet impingement heat sinks with converging annular channels are employed in a numerical investigation to minimize the adverse cooling effects associated with an impinging jet in a microchannel. The realizable k−ε turbulent model is used for modeling thermal and turbulent flow fields (Re=5,000 to 25,000). It was found that the different flow recirculation zones in small scales are responsible for the enhanced heat transfer rate. While the thermal performance of a converging wall jet impingement heat sink is higher than its flat wall counterpart at low Re numbers, the thermal performance results are in favor of the flat wall jet impingement heat sink at high Re numbers. The flow recirculation area shrinks in converging channels at high Re numbers, thereby deteriorating the thermal performance of the converging channel compared with a flat wall jet heat sink. Also, it was found that employing steeper converging channels shrinks the flow recirculation region, resulting in up to 59% lower pressure drops at Re=25,000. The present study examines the role of flow recirculation at different Re numbers on the thermohydraulic performance of jet impingement converging annular heat sinks.

Study on convective melting heat transfer of a solid-liquid phase change slurry in U-shaped curved tubes

As a phase change material, ice slurry has been successfully applied in HVAC&R systems due to its high energy storage density. The heat exchangers are the key equipment realizing energy conversion of ice slurry. In HVAC&R systems, U-tubes are frequently used in shell and tube heat exchanger. However, there are few studies on thermo-fluidic characteristics of ice slurry in U-tubes. Therefore, the thermo-fluidic characteristics of ice slurry in U-tubes are numerically studied in this paper using Euler-Euler approach. The results indicated that as enlarging the inlet ice content and velocity, the ice concentration distribution becomes more uniform along in vertical profile. Due to the secondary flow in bend section, the ice concentration decreases in the inner wall and increases in the outer wall as the inlet velocity increases; At the high Reynolds number, the inlet ice content and ice particle diameter have a more significant fluence on pressure drop (Δp). The local heat transfer coefficient (hlo) in bend section exhibits a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing, with the maximum value of hlo occurs at θ = 90° of the bend section. Finally, a correlation is suggested between the average resistance coefficient (fave) and local Nusselt number (Nulo).

A numerical investigation of the thermal characteristics of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) flowing through mini serpentine channels

In this study, we numerically investigate the heat transfer characteristics of CO2 during phase transitions in its supercritical state in serpentine channels. Four different inclination angles are applied to three different radii of curvature flow channels with the same diameter of 2 mm. The supercritical state is maintained by assuming that the mass flux is approximately 191 kg/m2s, the inlet temperature is 298.15 K, and the operating pressure is 7.65 MPa. To ensure a consistent total heat input, different heat flux values are applied to the three different cases, eliminating the potential impact of the increased surface area on the heat transfer performance and allowing a clearer investigation of the geometric effects within the same temperature range. In a channel with a constant radius of curvature, the centrifugal force has a dominant influence on the heat flow compared to gravitational buoyancy, showing a flow phenomenon independent of the angle. In contrast, in a flow channel with a varying radius of curvature, the gravitational buoyancy fluctuates depending on the local area. As a result, the ratio of the centrifugal force to the gravitational buoyancy decreases, causing more variations with changes in the inclination angle. As the centrifugal force contributes significantly to turbulent mixing, the average heat transfer coefficient is highest in the flow channel with the shortest wavelength. As the wavelength increases, the ratio of centrifugal force to buoyancy begins to affect density stratification, especially in gas-like regions, leading to buoyancy. The local heat transfer coefficient at points around the circumference of the cross-section affected by buoyancy and in the film is analyzed, which is closely related to the centrifugal buoyancy and gravitational buoyancy, and their ratio. To express this influence in a correlation equation, a new Nu correlation with an error of less than 25 % is proposed using De, which combines the centripetal force and Reynolds number, ratio of centrifugal buoyancy and gravitational buoyancy, Ф, and Pr as.Nu=0.849De0.541∅-0.154Pr-0.160

Convective heat transfer of falling film around the horizontal half-oval tube with reverse airflow in an evaporative condenser

Horizontal falling-film evaporation is frequently used in industrial air conditioning system to improve its thermal performance. Transient heat transfer characteristics on the surface of a circular tube have been investigated, while the non-circular tube such as half-oval tube has been rarely reported. This study aims to investigate the thermal performance of liquid film around a half-oval tube by adopting transient simulations with laminar and SST k-ω models, respectively. Simulations consider varying wind velocity, liquid Reynolds number, heat flux and length-width ratio of the tube. Simulated results are quantitively validated by comparing with reported experimental results, and the average differences are below 9.5 %. Results indicate that the local convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC) increases with wind and the average CHTC is at least 5.98 % higher than the case without wind. Although the influences of liquid Reynolds number and heat flux show slight differences, they still can improve the convective heat transfer. The local CHTC exhibits an escalating trend with length-width ratio of 1–5. Meanwhile, the average CHTC for the four tested half-oval tubes is at least 6.8 % higher than the values of the circular tube. An empirical correlation for predicating the average CHTC is established by regression fitting with a mean deviation of 4.6 %. These findings help to design the falling-film evaporation system by adopting the half-oval tube in industrial air conditioning system.

Multi-tiered configurations improved flow boiling performance: Comparation investigation of leaf vein inspired two-tiered and three-tiered open microchannels

Microchannel heat sinks with expanding flow area along with the flow direction are able to suppress flow instability and reduce pressure drop during two-phase flow boiling by offering broadening volume for bubble elongation and growth that suppress the slug blockage and flow reversal. In this regard, microchannels with expanding area perpendicular to flow direction are supposed to obtain the comparable results, as the bubbles migrate to the downstream and top of microchannels simultaneously. However, the relevant study about multi-tiered microchannel heat sinks was limited and the corresponding flow boiling characteristics remained elusive. In this work, leaf vein inspired two-tiered open microchannel (LTWOMC) and three-tiered one (LTHOMC) were proposed and comparative flow boiling experiments were carried out. The outcomes indicated that LTWOMC obtained earlier ONB, which was 6.4 °C lower than LTHOMC at G = 220 kg/m2·s, the average local convective heat transfer coefficient (hcon) and average two-phase one (htp) of LTWOMC were maximumly enhanced up to 36.3% and 148.7% at G = 150 kg/m2·s, respectively. The pressure drop (ΔP) of LTWOMC was generally larger than LTHOMC at all mass fluxes, which led to the cooling coefficient of performances (COPs) of LTHOMC superior compared to LTWOMC under all working conditions. Moreover, LTHOMC exhibited better flow stability than LTWOMC with lower amplitudes and standard deviations of both wall temperature and pressure drop. In general, the three-tiered hierarchical configuration is more suitable than two-tiered one for flow boiling heat transfer.

NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONOF STEAM FILM CONDENSATION ON A VERTICAL TUBE

NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONOF STEAM FILM CONDENSATION ON A VERTICAL TUBE

Numerical simulation on the effect of non-condensable gas on direct contact condensation of steam jet in a narrow pipe

A numerical model was developed to investigate the phenomenon of direct contact condensation involving steam-air jet in subcooled waterflow. This study encompassed a comprehensive exploration of the influence exerted by non-condensable gas from a multi-faceted perspective. These aspects included an examination of gas plume shape, distribution of air mass fraction, variation in axial thermodynamic parameters, the local heat transfer coefficient, and the local condensation rate. It was observed that the presence of non-condensable gas had the effect of extending the penetration length of the steam plume. Notably, the non-condensable gas was predominantly concentrated in proximity to the gas-liquid interface, a phenomenon that introduced hindrances to both heat and mass transfer processes. A detailed analysis of axial thermodynamic parameters further unveiled an intriguing trend. As the air content increased, the expansion of gas plume weakened, subsequently leading to a reduction in the condensation rate. This resulted in diminished pressure fluctuations in the two-phase mixing region. Moreover, the presence of non-condensable gas was shown to curtail the local heat transfer coefficient and the local condensation rate at the interface. This observation offered valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms responsible for the protraction of the gas plume.

Numerical study of flow and thermal characteristics of pulsed impinging jet on a dimpled surface

This research comprehensively investigates the flow and thermal characteristics of a pulsating impinging jet over a dimpled surface. It analyzes the impact of key parameters (e.g., inlet velocity pulsation functions, pulsation frequency, amplitude, dimple pitch, dimple depth, Reynolds number) on flow patterns and heat transfer. Validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the Re-Normalization Group (RNG) turbulence model are employed to accurately simulate complex turbulent flow behavior. Local and average heat transfer coefficients are calculated and compared to steady impingement cases, revealing the potential benefits of pulsation for heat transfer enhancement. The study also examines how pulsation-induced flow modulation and thermal mixing affect heat transfer mechanisms. Results indicate that combining fluctuating flow with a dimpled surface can improve heat transfer rates. In summary, increasing pulsation amplitude consistently enhances heat transfer, while the effect of frequency varies between impinging and wall jet zones.

Investigations of Flow Boiling in Mini-Channels: Heat Transfer Calculations with Temperature Uncertainty Analyses

The article aims to explore boiling heat transfer in mini-channels with a rectangular cross-section using various fluids (HFE-649, HFE-7000, HFE-7100, and HFE-7200). Temperature measurements were conducted using infrared thermography for the heated wall and K-type thermocouples for the working fluid. The 2D mathematical model for heat transfer in the test section was proposed. Local heat transfer coefficients between the heated wall and the working fluid were determined from the Robin condition. The problem was solved by means of the finite element method (FEM) with Trefftz functions. The values of the heat transfer coefficient that were obtained were compared with the results calculated from Newton’s law of cooling. The average relative differences between the obtained results did not exceed 4%. The study included uncertainty analyses for temperature measurements with K- and T-type thermocouples. Expanded uncertainties were calculated using the uncertainty propagation and Monte Carlo methods. Precisely determining the uncertainties in contact temperature measurements is crucial to ensure accurate temperature data for subsequent heat transfer calculations. The results of the heat transfer investigations were compared in terms of fluid temperature, heat transfer coefficients, and boiling curves. HFE-7200 consistently exhibited the highest fluid temperature and temperature differences at boiling incipience, while HFE-7000 demonstrated the highest heat transfer coefficients. HFE-649 showed the lowest heat transfer coefficients. The boiling curves exhibited a typical shape, with a notable occurrence of ‘nucleation hysteresis phenomena’. Upon the analysis of two-phase flow patterns, bubbly and bubbly-slug structures were observed.

Study of the flow characteristics and augmentation of heat performance in a horizontal tube with and without spring inserts

In this project, heat transfer and thermal performance factor characteristics in a tube fitted with coil wire and twisted tape inserts, using air as working fluid are investigated experimentally. Enhancement forced convection heat transfer characteristics is studying for air Reynolds number range from 10.328×103 to 11.769×103 and 10.927×103 to 12.029×103 in the tube without and with coil wire inserts. Effects of various hydrostatics parameters on the heat transfer are considered in this work with heat flux are constant conditions of 600 W/m² and 800 W/m² with using the coil wire and twisted tapes with three ratios (y/w = 3, 4 and 5). The test section is a horizontal annular passage with outer diameter 10 cm. The results indicated that the enhancement of heat transfer coefficient factors in tube with coil wire inserts provide local heat transfer coefficient percentages of (5.1% to 7.8%) for heat fluxes (600) W/m² and (800) W/m² respectively. While tube with swirl inserts provide local heat transfer coefficient percentages of (3.6% to 6.1%) for heat fluxes (600) W/m² and (800) W/m² respectively. The obtained results show that mean Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient in the tube with twisted tape and coil wire increase with decreasing twisted ratio (y/w). It is also observed that the percentage of heat transfer coefficient for the coil wire when compared with that of swirl inserts tube were ranged between (10.6%) to (16.5%) and (11.5%) to (17.3%) for the heat flux (600) W/m².

Film flow boiling of a magnetic fluid over a vertical plate exposed to a magnetic field under reduced gravity conditions

In this article, the film flow boiling over a vertical flat plate was studied numerically. The saturated liquid upward flow over a vertical flat plate with a uniform free stream velocity was considered. The Volume of Fluid (VOF) model was used for capturing the liquid-vapor interface. The effects of the wall superheat, the free stream velocity of hydrodynamics, and the heat transfer of the flow film boiling were studied in the absence and presence of a magnetic induction (MI). The results showed increased free stream velocity enhances the heat transfer coefficient (HTC). In addition, applying uniform MI results in a normal force at the liquid-vapor interface. This normal force enhances the local heat transfer coefficient (HTC) during film flow boiling on the heated vertical plate. Also, the percentage of HTC enhancement is higher when the magnetic field strength increases. Moreover, the heat transfer enhancement diminishes as the free stream velocity increases. Furthermore, an increase in the magnetic permeability ratios of the phases contributes to improving the HTC and increases the wall shear stress. The effect of the variation of the acceleration of gravity is also studied, revealing that a decrease in gravity’s acceleration actually slightly enhances HTC.

Investigation of convective heat transfer in a cold flow pebble bed nuclear reactor using advanced pebble probe heat transfer sensor

The aim of this study was to investigate the local heat transfer coefficients between the pebbles and the coolant gas in a PBR using an advanced measurement technique that consists of a heated pebble probe, a micro-foil heat flux sensor mounted flush on the surface of the heated pebble probe, and a thermocouple in the center of the bed void in front the sensor. In this work, the local heat transfer coefficients were derived at various axial levels, radial and angular locations and at different superficial inlet gas velocities that cover both transitional and turbulent flow conditions. The local heat transfer coefficients were found to be 22-32%, 34-39%, and 18-20% higher near the wall at superficial inlet gas velocities of 0.3,1.2, and 2m/s, respectively. This is due to higher volumetric flow at the wall where larger void in the pebble bed exists compared to the center region of the bed where the flow of the gas in the packed bed follows the least resistance path. Large deviations were obtained between the experimental overall heat transfer coefficients in the bed and the predictions of seven correlations that were selected from the literature. Furthermore, these correlations cannot predict the local heat transfer coefficients inside the PBR. This necessitates the development of new correlations for the prediction of the local heat transfer coefficients using the data obtained in this work. A pseudo-3D correlation was developed and was found to provide predictions that are in good agreement with the experimental values for the conditions used, with an averaged absolute relative error (AARE) of 3.33% at high Reynolds numbers for our operating and design conditions.

Influence of Entrance Geometry and Thermal Boundary Conditions on Heat Transfer in a Rectangular Channel with 45 Deg Angled Ribs on One or Two Principal Walls

The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the influence of the entrance geometry and thermal boundary conditions on the local and averaged heat transfer coefficient in a ribbed rectangular channel with an aspect ratio of 5. Ribs, angled at 45°, were periodically deployed on one or two opposite sides, while the remaining walls of the rectangular channel were assumed to be smooth and unheated. The effect of entrance conditions was addressed by considering either a smooth or a ribbed unheated section upstream of the ribbed heated section. The effect of the thermal boundary condition was studied by considering a uniform heat flux imposed at the inter-rib region, or at the inter-rib and the rib baseplate, or at the whole interface between the ribbed surface and the coolant. Results, presented in the form of spatially resolved and spatially averaged Nusselt numbers, show that a ribbed section preceding the heated test section affects the heat transfer coefficient, relative to a smooth entrance section, for several repetitive modules. The influence of the thermal boundary condition was found to be mainly concentrated in the surface regions immediately upstream and downstream of each rib, with small differences, in terms of spatially averaged Nusselt numbers. The presented investigation is meant to point out that heat transfer experiments on ribbed channels, massively provided by the heat transfer community according to the current technical literature, should provide an exhaustive description of the entrance and thermal boundary conditions assumed in the experiments and eventually to discuss how they could potentially affect the results.

Heat transfer characteristics in vertical tube condensers: Experimental investigation and numerical validation

The paper establishes a vertical steam condensation heat transfer experimental device to investigate the process of liquid film condensation heat transfer under the countercurrent heat transfer of a secondary coolant. An improved experimental method, integrating measurements and simulations, accurately calculates local heat transfer coefficients and heat flux. The validity of the data is confirmed through comparison with established condensation correlations, affirming the method's effectiveness. The correlations of previous research (i.e., Numrich, Carey, Oh, Lee, and Shah) demonstrate greater consistency with the experimental results, with mean relative deviations (MRD) of −4.90%, 7.18%, 11.42%, −8.63% −4.45%, and mean absolute relative deviations (MARD) of 11.61%, 21.57%, 23.60%, 18.97%, and 12.53%, respectively. Numrich's correlation demonstrated the closest congruence. Based on these results, the research proposes a new coupled heat transfer model, effectively simulating the interaction between external cooling water and steam condensation. This model simplifies the process by pre-defining coolant temperature changes per unit length, thereby reducing the need for extensive iterative calculations and eliminating assumptions about wall temperature. It accurately predicts the wall temperature, local condensing temperature, and coolant temperature in a vertical condenser. These experimental methods and models offer valuable insights for optimizing vertical condenser design and analysis. The study underscores the significance of combining simulation models with experimental measurements to enhance the understanding of heat transfer in complex systems. The findings promise to advance research in film condensation heat transfer and assist in condenser design and optimization.