Local Hair Research Articles

Improvement of reproductive and growth characteristics of local hair goats raised in extensive system in Kahramanmaraş province

This study aims to ensure the profitability of the enterprise and the sustainability of production by increasing the number of populations with high breeding value in Hair goat farms producing under extensive conditions. For this purpose, the reproductive criteria for the goats were determined and data on growth performance and survival rate of the kids were recorded on an annual basis. The current study was started in 2018 with 5175 female goats and 257 male goats with the voluntary participation of 26 breeders of hair goats in Dulkadiroğlu district of Kahramanmaraş province and was conducted over five years. The morphological characteristics of the hair goat breed and the birth and weaning weights of the kids were taken into account when selecting the breeding stock to be included in the herd each year. Approximately 10% of the male kids and 50% of the female kids with the best growth and breeding characteristics were selected for breeding. At the end of the study, the birth rate was found to be between 49.77 and 63.75%, the twinning rate was between 18.33 and 25.98%, prolificacy was between 58.90 and 80.08% and the litter size was between 1.18 and 1.26. The birth weight of the kids was found to be between 2.97 kg and 3.11 kg, the weaning weight were between 11.30 kg and 14.96 kg, the daily body weight gain to weaning age were between 92.54 and 131.64 g and the survival rate was between 91.89% and 95.68%. Based on these results, it was found that the differences in the growth traits of the kids according to year were significant (P<0.001). It was also found that the growth performance of male and single-born kids were significantly higher than those of female and twin-born kids depending on sex and birth type (P<0.001). As a result, it was found that keeping records based on some performance values in production with local genetic resources grown in an extensive system and keeping offspring with high breeding value in the herd based on these records helps to increase production performance due to the improvement of genetic structure.

Vesicular Carriers for Follicular Drug Delivery

The follicular route has been explored for both topical and systemic drug delivery but its application is challenged by different limitations such as sebum flow and size-selectivity. Vesicular carriers like liposomes, niosomes, invasomes, and transferosomes, which have shown promise in overcoming these barriers, have been explored in this review study. These vesicles improve follicular penetration of drugs, with deformable carriers performing better than conventional liposomes. Also, modifying liposomes using permeation enhancers has been introduced as another choice to enhance their follicular penetration. Vesicular systems have been primarily used to deliver drugs for treating alopecia, acne, and topical infections. They have also demonstrated potential in systemic delivery of antihypertensive drugs and insulin. Local hair massage and iontophoresis techniques further improve vesicle follicular penetration.

Hair cells in the cochlea must tune resonant modes to the edge of instability without destabilizing collective modes.

Sound produces surface waves along the cochlea's basilar membrane. To achieve the ear's astonishing frequency resolution and sensitivity to faint sounds, dissipation in the cochlea must be canceled via active processes in hair cells, effectively bringing the cochlea to the edge of instability. But how can the cochlea be globally tuned to the edge of instability with only local feedback? To address this question, we use a discretized version of a standard model of basilar membrane dynamics, but with an explicit contribution from active processes in hair cells. Surprisingly, we find the basilar membrane supports two qualitatively distinct sets of modes: a continuum of localized modes and a small number of collective extended modes. Localized modes sharply peak at their resonant position and are largely uncoupled. As a result, they can be amplified almost independently from each other by local hair cells via feedback reminiscent of self-organized criticality. However, this amplification can destabilize the collective extended modes; avoiding such instabilities places limits on possible molecular mechanisms for active feedback in hair cells. Our work illuminates how and under what conditions individual hair cells can collectively create a critical cochlea.

Anti-hair loss effect of a shampoo containing caffeine and adenosine.

Hair loss is a widespread health problem that affects numerous individuals and is associated with age, lack of sleep, stress, endocrine problems, and other problems. Caffeine exerts various pharmacological effects, particularly after ingestion. The caffeine-induced inhibition of phosphodiesterases can increase intracellular cAMP concentrations, ultimately resulting in stimulatory effects on cell metabolism and proliferation. Hence, caffeine has been confirmed to inhibit hair loss caused by premature termination of the hair growth phase. Adenosine also improves hair loss by stimulating hair growth and thickening hair shafts. However, further empirical evidence is required to comprehensively assess the efficacy of hair loss treatment and prevention using a formulation of caffeine and adenosine in specific proportions in shampoos. This study aimed to evaluate a shampoo with caffeine and adenosine as a daily scalp care product for hair loss in 77 subjects aged 18-60 years. The overall and local hair densities were assessed using professional cameras and dermoscopes at different magnifications and distances. Five hairs that came off the participant's head were randomly selected to measure hair diameter. The self-assessment questionnaires were filled on third month of product use. The combination of caffeine and adenosine in the shampoo significantly enhanced hair density compared to that of the baseline. The results revealed a significant reduction in hair loss. The hair diameters of the subjects did not change significantly. Most of the participants (71.05%) were satisfied with their hair after using the product. Shampoos containing caffeine and adenosine have been demonstrated to exert therapeutic benefits for reducing hair loss.

Antifungal Potency of Some Antifungal Chemotherapeutics and Antidandruff Solutions against Dermatophytic Flora from Local Hairdressers’ Tools in Awka, Nigeria

Dermatophytes produce spores that can survive for a long time on fomites such as hairdressing tools (combs, scissors, clippers and hairpins). These fomites intend serve in the transmission of dermatophytosis. This study was aimed at evaluating and comparing the antifungal efficacy of some antifungal chemotherapeutics and antidandruff solutions against dermatophytic flora of hairdressers’ tools in Eke-Awka Market in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. A total of forty-five (45) samples were collected by swabbing the hairdressing tools of the local hair dressers using sterile swab sticks. The antifungal drugs (Ketoconazole, Miconazole and Griseofulvin) and the antidandruff solutions (Shampoo and Conditioner) were also bought from Eke-Awka Market. The samples where inoculated into sterile Sabouraud Dextrose Broth base in test tubes and incubated at 25-27ºC for 5-14 days. After incubation, the test tubes with visually observed growth (turbidity) were subsequently plated out by streaking on freshly prepared Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with Chloramphenicol (50µg/ml) and incubated at 25°C for up to 7-14 days. Identification was done using standard methods. Agar well diffusion method was employed for the in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing using different concentrations of both the antifungal drugs and antidandruff solutions obtained using double fold serial dilutions. Twenty Four (24) dermatophytes were isolated and identified. The isolates included Microsporum ferrugineum 6 (25%), Microsporum gypseum 3 (12.5%), Micosporum audouinii 6 (25%), Trichophyton schoenleinii 5 (20.8%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes 4 (16.7%). The percentage susceptibility pattern of the isolates showed that 60℅ of the isolates were susceptible to Ketoconazole, 40℅ respectively susceptible and susceptible doze dependent to Miconazole and 100℅ resistant to Griseofulvin. For the antidandruff solutions, 20℅ of the isolates were susceptible to hair shampoo while 100℅ were resistant to hair conditioner. The results of this study showed that dermatophytes are prevalent on the tools used by local hair dressers and also that the antifungal drugs had better activity on the isolates than the antidandruff solutions used. Also, based on this study, ketoconazole is recommended for dermatophytosis. There is therefore need to educate the populace on the health hazards associated with sharing local hair making tools and the need for clients to have their personal hair making tools.

Support for dermatological research in Sub-Saharan Africa: insights from African hair and skin research programs.

The structure and physiology of skin and hair in people of African ancestry are different from other ethnic categories and studies from other continents cannot necessarily be extrapolated to Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to the differences in genetics, lifestyle, climate, cultures, and hair and skin care practices. The aim of this report is to highlight the recent advances in local skin and hair research in SSA from a grant program. African Hair and Skin Research Grants from an industrial sponsor were awarded between 2013 and 2022 on five main topics: acne, hair and scalp, keloid scars, atopic dermatitis, and air pollution. A literature search in Scopus identified publications on these topics in African or black skin in SSA and worldwide to provide insight into the impact of the program. The number of publications from around the world on the skin and hair of people of African ancestry has increased significantly over the past 30 years on all five topics, especially as a result studies conducted in the United States. Fewer studies have been conducted in SSA but there has been an increasing number of publications over the past 10 years, especially from South Africa. Scientific and clinical partnerships between the industry, academia, and public healthcare sectors have contributed to a steady increase in hair and skin publications from SSA, which may be useful for the development of tailored products and public educational campaigns to raise awareness of the risks of using inappropriate products.

Molybdenum nanoparticles as a potential topical medication for alopecia treatment through antioxidant pathways that differ from minoxidil

Hair loss is a common dermatological condition including various types such as alopecia areata, androgenetic alopecia, etc. Minoxidil is a topical medication used for treating hair loss, which is effective for various types of alopecia. However, minoxidil has limitations in treating hair loss, such as slow onset of action and low efficacy, and it cannot effectively inhibit one of the major pathogenic factors of hair loss - excessive oxidative stress. Transition metal elements with rapid electron transfer, such as molybdenum, have been extensively studied and applied for inhibiting oxidative stress. We established a mouse model for hair growth and intervened with nano-sized molybdenum, minoxidil, and a combination of both. The physicochemical properties of nano-sized molybdenum enabled it to mediate oxidative stress more quickly. The results showed that nano-sized molybdenum can accelerate hair growth, increase the number of local hair follicles, and reduce the expression of oxidative stress-related molecules such as iNOS, COX2, and androgen receptors. The combination of nano-sized molybdenum and minoxidil showed an additive effect in promoting hair growth. Our findings suggest that nano-sized molybdenum might be a potential topical medication for treating hair loss by inhibiting the oxidative stress pathway. Nano-sized molybdenum, alone or in combination with minoxidil, could be a promising therapeutic approach for patients with hair loss, particularly those who do not respond well to current treatments. Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of this novel treatment.

Shayb (Premature Graying Hair): Risk factors and its Herbal Management - A Systematic Review

Graying of the hair before the age of 20 in Caucasians and before the age of 30 in African Americans is known as Premature Graying Hair (PGH) or Canities. It might have a negative impact on someone's Quality of Life. According to unani system it may be because of weakness of Hazm, poor nutrition of the hair and predominance of Burudat (coldness) in the body. The precise etiopathogenesis is yet unclear. When a patient has PGH, they should be evaluated for metabolic disorders and syndromes. According to Unani System the cause of premature greying of hair is excess production of Balgham (Phlegm) is increased greying of hair. Hair Colors and Colorants can be a transitory treatment choice however aggravation and unfavorably susceptible impacts to certain people are accounted for, it likewise expands the financial burdan. Treatment choices for PGH is calcium pantothenate, PABA, or both in blend and treating the going with obsessive circumstances. Natural Drugs, Nutritional supplements, Unani herbs for both oral and local hair dyes continue to be the primary method of treating cosmetic issues. This review paper explores the detail etiopathogenesis and management of PGH.

Hair disorders associated with post-COVID-19 infection in females: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) currently named SARS-CoV-2 is a contagious disease caused by a coronavirus. The virus may infect the hair follicles directly or indirectly through systemic changes in the immune or hormonal systems.AimsIn the current study we aimed to determine the prevalence of hair disorders in females infected with COVID-19.MethodsData was collected using a questionnaire covering four main domains: personal data, past medical history, COVID-19 history and treatment, and existence of any hair problems and their management. No identifier or sensitive data were collected. Those complaining of hair loss were subjected to complete general and local hair examination using trichoscopy to confirm hair loss.ResultsHair problems were reported in 307 (61.4%) of COVID-19-infected female subjects. A total of 68.1% patients reported that hair loss existed and increased after COVID-19; 29.6% reported their hair problems only post-COVID-19 while 2.3% had hair shedding issues during infection only. The main reported hair problems were telogen effluvium (60.8%), increased gray hair (13.8%), seborrheic dermatitis (5.6%) trichotillomania (3.6%), and alopecia areata (2.2%).ConclusionIn conclusion, we reported prevalence of post-COVID hair fall that was confirmed by trichoscopy and which affected approximately 61.4% of infected females.

Alopesia Areata Dengan Pengobatan Triamcinolone Acetonide

Alopecia areata (AA) is a condition characterized by sudden local hair loss without signs of skin inflammation or scarring. Data regarding the incidence of alopecia areata in Indonesia is still scanty, a retrospective study at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta showed that the diagnosis of alopecia areata was the most common type of baldness in skin and genital polyclinics from 2009-2011 (39.7%). This case report was obtained from primary data through history taking, physical examination and supporting examination. The patient came with complaints of baldness on the scalp that occasionally itch. Another complaint is the growth of grey hair in areas that are bald and break easily. Experienced baldness appeared for the first time 3 months ago. On examination of the dermatological status, efflorescence of bald patches was clearly demarcated, on almost the entire scalp with the largest lesion on the right temporal and on the edge of the baldness growing white hairs that were easily broken. The location of the capitis region, the size varies (lenticular, numular, plaque), round / oval shape with regional distribution. On investigation, scalp scrapings with 10% KOH did not reveal hyphae and spores, anti-HIV and non-reactive VDRL, routine blood examinations revealed leukocytosis. Patients were treated with intralesional corticosteroids, topical corticosteroids and minoxidil according to the alopecia areata treatment algorithm.

The potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies for alopecia areata.

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte has been a concern for the etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA), some recent evidence suggests that the regulatory T (Treg) cell deficiency is also a contributing factor. In the lesional scalp of AA, Treg cells residing in the follicles are impaired, leading to dysregulated local immunity and hair follicle (HF) regeneration disorders. New strategies are emerging to modulate Treg cells' number and function for autoimmune diseases. There is much interest to boost Treg cells in AA patients to suppress the abnormal autoimmunity of HF and stimulate hair regeneration. With few satisfactory therapeutic regimens available for AA, Treg cell-based therapies could be the way forward. Specifically, CAR-Treg cells and novel formulations of low-dose IL-2 are the alternatives.

Characterization of Growth Secondary Hair in Min Pig Activated by Follicle Stem Cell Stimulated by Wnt and BMP Signaling Pathway

In China, the national-level protected pig, the Min pig, is characterized by the development of secondary hairs and hair follicles in winter. Factors that dominate the genotype in the growth of secondary hairs are not clear through the concrete cell signaling pathways. This study compared hair phenotypes based on morphological structure, transcriptomics, and potential targeting molecules in the breeds of Min, Berkshire, and Yorkshire pigs. The results indicated that Min pigs have specific characteristics for the growth of secondary hairs compared with the Berkshire and Yorkshire pigs. The transcriptome analyses and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results revealed that secondary hair growth was activated by follicle stem cells. The specific inhibitors of Wnt and BMP were studied using respective signals. The density of follicles, activity of follicle stem cells, and relative gene expression results have shown that Wnt and BMP stimulate the activity of follicle stem cells, and the Wnt signaling molecule has a significantly better effect than the BMP signaling molecule on stem cells. Wnt and BMP can promote the growth of local secondary hair and gene expression. Therefore, this study was conducted to verify the development mechanisms of secondary hairs, which have potential applications in laboratory animals and comparative medicine.

DCUN1D1, a new molecule involved in depigmentation via upregulating CXCL10.

CD8+ T cells in the lesioned site play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The chemokine CXCL10 secreted by keratinocytes regulates the migration of CD8+ T cells into the skin. In our previous study, we found that DCUN1D1 expression in vitiligo lesions positively correlates with Cxcl10 expression. In this study, the regulatory effect of DCUN1D1 on CXCL10 and cell function was investigated. DCUN1D1 protein expression was significantly higher in the skin tissue from vitiligo lesions compared with samples from healthy controls. High expression of DCUN1D1 in keratinocytes caused local hair depigmentation in mice, reduced melanin content, high infiltration of CD8+ T cells and increased CXCL10 expression. This suggested that DCUN1D1 may regulate CD8+ T-cell infiltration and depigmentation through CXCL10. Inhibition of DCUN1D1 expression in HaCaT cells abolished the IFN-γ-induced upregulation of p-JAK1, p-STAT1 and CXCL10, suppressed the H2 O2 -induced ROS generation and apoptosis, and upregulated tyrosinase expression in melanocytes. Collectively, these results show that DCUN1D1 is an important regulator of CXCL10 and may be a new target for the treatment of vitiligo.

Alopecia areata in children: an overview of clinical features and recent treatment options

Alopecia areata is a chronic relapsing autoimmune disease characterized by a local or diffuse non-scarring hair loss. Statistically, 0.2% of people worldwide are affected by alopecia areata and 1.7% were diagnosed with it at some point in life. The incidence of alopecia areata in children has been rapidly increasing in recent years. The main role in pathogenesis of alopecia areata belongs to the loss of immune privilege due to the influence of genetics and various external factors. Follicles become vulnerable to the attack by patients own T-lymphocytes, which results in hair shedding. Some autoimmune and allergic diseases are known to be comorbidities of alopecia areata. The diagnosis is made on the basis of trichoscopy results, besides there are some manifestation features in children which are different than in adults. Currently, there are several promising drugs but the number of studies (regarding pediatric patients) is extremely limited. According to a number of authors, corticosteroids and Janus kinase inhibitors have shown their effectiveness and safety in the treatment of childhood alopecia areata, although they are not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at the moment.

Hair Follicle Classification and Hair Loss Severity Estimation Using Mask R-CNN.

Early and accurate detection of scalp hair loss is imperative to provide timely and effective treatment plans to halt further progression and save medical costs. Many techniques have been developed leveraging deep learning to automate the hair loss detection process. However, the accuracy and robustness of assessing hair loss severity still remain a challenge and barrier for transitioning such a technique into practice. The presented work proposes an efficient and accurate algorithm to classify hair follicles and estimate hair loss severity, which was implemented and validated using a multitask deep learning method via a Mask R-CNN framework. A microscopic image of the scalp was resized, augmented, then processed through pre-trained ResNet models for feature extraction. The key features considered in this study concerning hair loss severity include the number of hair follicles, the thickness of the hair, and the number of hairs in each hair follicle. Based on these key features, labeling of hair follicles (healthy, normal, and severe) were performed on the images collected from 10 men in varying stages of hair loss. More specifically, Mask R-CNN was applied for instance segmentation of the hair follicle region and to classify the hair follicle state into three categories, following the labeling convention (healthy, normal and severe). Based on the state of each hair follicle captured from a single image, an estimation of hair loss severity was determined for that particular region of the scalp, namely local hair loss severity index (P), and by combining P of multiple images taken and processed from different parts of the scalp, we constructed the hair loss severity estimation () and visualized in a heatmap to illustrate the overall hair loss type and condition. The proposed hair follicle classification and hair loss severity estimation using Mask R-CNN demonstrated a more efficient and accurate algorithm compared to other methods previously used, enhancing the classification accuracy by 4 to 15%. This performance supports its potential for use in clinical settings to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of current hair loss diagnosis and prognosis techniques.

Trichoscopy-Derived Hairline Recession Equivalent in Monitoring Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia

Introduction: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a relatively recently described scarring hair loss condition. Frontal hair recession is observed in a vast majority of patients; other scalp areas may be included. Assessment of hair loss progression in FFA remains challenging mainly due to difficulties in unambiguous determination of the hairline. Various patterns of scarring and subtle progression rate are among factors which make naked-eye observations of limited use. Methods: Trichoscopy of the frontal hairline with hair-to-hair matching was conducted in patients with FFA patients with disease progression and clinically stable hairline. Hair loss was assessed based on analysis of trichoscopy-derived follicular maps. A relative hair density loss was calculated, and the hairline recession equivalent (HRE) was proposed as a novel hair loss progression measure. Results: Two patterns of hair loss were observed: one with significant decrease of hair density within a width of 1 mm and one with diffuse loss within a width of 10 mm. Conclusion: The hair density profile may be a useful tool to characterize different disease progression patterns. The HRE is potentially a very accurate and sensitive parameter to quantify local hair loss progression in FFA.

Formulation and Pharmaceutical Characterization of Antidermatophyte Creams of Methanol Leaf Extracts of Euphobia Hirta, Jatropha Curcas and Acantus Montanus

Background: The search for novel natural products from medicinal plants against multidrug fungal strains is very essential to overcome the resistance complication. Many researchers have focused on the antidermatophyte activity of crude extracts from naturally occurring plants. Objective: This study investigates cream formulations of methanolic crude extracts of E.hirta, J. curcas and A. montanus for their pharmaceutical characteristics and antifungal potentials, especially against some drug resistant dermatophytes isolated from work equipment of local hair dressers. Methods: Dermatophytes samples were inoculated into sterile Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) broth and incubated. Positive growths were examined macroscopically and microscopically and confirmed with the aid of a fungi atlas. The phytochemical constituents of the plants extracts were also determined. Antifungal susceptibility testing was also carried out using agar diffusion assay. Using the best extract combination ratios obtained from the checkerboard assay, creams were formulated with the methanolic crude extracts and the pharmaceutical properties of the creams were determined. Results: MIC of the individual extracts showed that Trichophyton schoenleinii and Microsporon ferugenium were resistant to all the extracts except J. curcas . The checkerboard assay showed that the combination of J. curcas and A. montanus had the best anti-fungal activity for T. schoenleinii , while the combination of J. curcas and E.hirta also gave an excellent result. All the formulated creams exhibited good pharmaceutical characteristics. Conclusion: The formulated creams showed good anti-fungal and pharmaceutical properties. Overall, the study scientifically validates that methanolic leaf extracts of A. montanus, E. hirta and J. curcas are potent antifungal agents.

DIAGNOSING AND CATEGORIZING LEPROSY IN LIVE EURASIAN RED SQUIRRELS (SCIURUS VULGARIS) FOR MANAGEMENT, SURVEILLANCE, AND TRANSLOCATION PURPOSES.

The presence of Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Mycobacterium leprae in Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris, ERS) carcasses throughout the British Isles, and leprosy as a disease, have recently been reported using histological and molecular diagnostic methods. In 2016, the first longitudinal study of ERS affected by leprosy was initiated. One of the main challenges was the reliable diagnosis of leprosy in live ERS, which is important for (a) welfare and case management and (b) surveillance or pretranslocation screening efforts. We explored diagnostic methods ranging from detailed clinical assessment and informative categorization of observed lesions, thermal imaging, serology (antiphenolic glycolipid-I antibody [αPGL-I] detection) to molecular methods (polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). For PCR the ear was established as the optimal sampling site. Based on the experiences from this 2-yr study we propose an objective categorization system for clinical lesions and a diagnostic framework for the combination of the diagnostic tools we found to be effective in live ERS: clinical assessment, αPGL-I serology, and PCR. Thermal imaging did not offer additional information for leprosy diagnostics in ERS. We propose an amended definition of leprosy lesions in ERS as "skin areas of local hair loss, in which a firm-rubbery, glossy swelling develops, that may ulcerate" and standardized terminology for describing ERS leprosy status. The information presented forms the basis of a consistent, reliable diagnostic and reporting system for leprosy cases in ERS.

Artificial Intelligence in hair research: A proof-of-concept study on evaluating hair assembly features.

The first objective of this study was to apply computer vision and machine learning techniques to quantify the effects of haircare treatments on hair assembly and to identify correctly whether unknown tresses were treated or not. The second objective was to explore and compare the performance of human assessment with that obtained from artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Machine learning was applied to a data set of hair tress images (virgin and bleached), both untreated and treated with a shampoo and conditioner set, aimed at increasing hair volume whilst improving alignment and reducing the flyway of the hair. The automatic quantification of the following hair image features was conducted: local and global hair volumes and hair alignment. These features were assessed at three time points: t0 (no treatment), t1 (two treatments) and t2 (three treatments). Classifier tests were applied to test the accuracy of the machine learning. A sensory test (paired comparison of t0 vs t2 ) and an online front image-based survey (paired comparison of t0 vs t1 , t1 vs t2 , t0 vs t2 ) were conducted to compare human assessment with that of the algorithms. The automatic image analysis identified changes to hair volume and alignment which enabled the successful application of the classification tests, especially when the hair images were grouped into untreated and treated groups. The human assessment of hair presented in pairs confirmed the automatic image analysis. The image assessment for both virgin hair and bleached only partially agreed with the analysis of the subset of images used in the online survey. One hypothesis is that treatments changed somewhat the shape of the hair tress, with the effect being more pronounced in bleached hair. This made human assessment of flat images more challenging than when viewed directly in 3D. Overall, the bleached hair exhibited effects of higher magnitude than the virgin hair. This study illustrated the capacity of artificial intelligence for hair image detection and classification, and for image analysis of hair assembly features following treatments. The human assessment partially confirmed the image analysis and highlighted the challenges imposed by the presentation mode.

Pancasila Values in the Business Event Against Entrepreneurial Attitudes

<p><em>This study examines the importance of Pancasila values in the field of entrepreneurship and the method used in this research is the case study method. Pancasila is the ideology of the Indonesian nation which includes important values to be applied in the world of entrepreneurship. In a business event, such as the simplypopupmarket event which was held during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely the Nummy Local brand (Hanum Mega), Hair Repair (Audi Marisa) and other brands without being based on Pancasila values, business events will easily split. An entrepreneur or brand owner must be based on the values of Pancasila. When an event is held by an event program owner, a brand owner not only sees other brands or other booths as a threat to himself, but sees that the booth is his business partner so that all local products can compete together without destroying national unity and unity. . As was done by Audi Marisa (Hair Repair) as well as public figures who visited each booth at the event. at the same time buying other products to support local products to remain victorious in Indonesia. A good entrepreneur is a person who struggles based on the values of Pancasila.</em></p>