Local Government Policy Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF NEEDS AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE FARMER GROUP EMPOWERMENT PROGRAM IN THE USE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN KALISAT DISTRICT, JEMBER REGENCY

Procurement of organic fertilizers is one of the efforts that can be made to restore soil organic matter to increase the production value of the agricultural sector in Jember Regency. Issues about the environment and low soil organic nutrient content also occur in Jember District, especially in Kalisat District, which causes the importance of applying organic fertilizers. The importance of using organic fertilizers requires the participation of farmer groups to be more empowered in producing and using organic fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the needs and constraints faced to develop a strategy for developing a farmer group empowerment program in the use of organic fertilizers in the Kalisat subdistrict, regency Jember. This research is classified as a qualitative research which aims to analyze the key factors in the farmer group empowerment program. The results showed that in the elements of program needs there were two needs which were key factors, namely organic farming production facilities and local government policies. In the element of constraint there are two key obstacles namely the low knowledge of farmers and the limitations of organic fertilizer processing tools and machines. The resulting strategy is in the form of: 1) Addition of organic farming production facilities. 2) Alignment of local government policies by adding programs to promote the use of organic fertilizers in Jember Regency in the main program of Jember Mandiri. 3) Increase farmer's knowledge related to the manufacture of organic fertilizers through counseling.

Evaluation of Urban Resilience Based on Trio Spaces: An Empirical Study in Northeast China

Realizing the building of urban resilience and improving urban resilience has become important contents of urban development. In view of this phenomenon, relying on the framework of trio spaces, which includes physical space, societal space, and cyberspace, the evaluation index system of urban resilience is established. The evaluation model of urban resilience is constructed by using CRITIC-entropy weight and the cloud evaluation method. Four sub-provincial cities in Northeast China, Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, and Dalian, are selected as the analysis objects, and the resilience of each city is comprehensively evaluated and spatially evaluated. From the urban resilience comprehensive evaluation, this paper found the cities with the highest resilience levels in 2014, from 2015 to 2018, and from 2019 to 2020 are Dalian, Changchun, and Shenyang, respectively. The city with the lowest resilience level is Harbin. Although there are differences in resilience evaluation values of four cities, the resilience levels of these cities are all “qualified”. From the urban resilience sub-space evaluation, this paper explored the shortcomings of the resilience of physical space, societal space, and cyberspace of each city through the comparison. Then, some suggestions about highlighting the enhancement of cyberspace resilience, emphasizing resilience-building balance, conducting resilience evaluation, and monitoring regularly, and local government policy support are proposed to help to promote urban resilience from the concept of trio spaces.

The Possibility of Applying Religious Multiculturalism Policy in Local Government in Indonesia

This study investigates local government’s opportunities for implementing religious multiculturalism policies, which refer to the regional autonomy system. The subject of this research is Tangerang City, Banten Province, which has an urban and pluralistic image of society due to its location as a buffer for the city capital. Data collection in this study used a qualitative method which refers to in-depth interviews of 15 respondents who came from representatives of the government and religious leaders. In addition, secondary data in this study relates to observations, field notes, documentation, and relevant literature. The result of this study indicates several indicators that lead to the possibility for Tangerang City’s local government to apply a religious multiculturalism policy: government institutions in strengthening harmony and handling religious conflicts. The Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB) promotes religious harmony, a grant program to accommodate the needs of religious groups, a supportive and open-minded Mayor, cultural and religious festivals, successful resolution of religious conflict, and intensive dialogue between religious leaders.

Re-envisaging professional curiosity and challenge: Messages for child protection practice from reviews of serious cases in England

Learning lessons from cases where children have been killed or seriously harmed from abuse or neglect is important for child protection policy and practice around the world. In England there is a long-established system of locally based, multi-agency reviews. Three recurrent themes over the years have been the poor quality of assessments, shortcomings in inter-agency working and information sharing, and not knowing the children and understanding their experiences. The reviews often identify a lack of ‘professional curiosity’ and insufficient ‘challenge’ on the part of child protection practitioners as the cause of these problems. This paper analyses these concepts, drawing on four recent studies of child safeguarding reviews conducted by the authors and their research team. It uses qualitative data from the reports and the views of local professionals in online focus groups. The reviews tend to use the perceived lack of curiosity and challenge as the explanation for poor practice without interrogating why, when and in what circumstances it becomes more difficult for professionals to remain curious and appropriately challenging. Professional curiosity and challenge are complex, multifaceted concepts, and applying them in practice is difficult and skilled work. The paper argues for a more nuanced and grounded understanding of the concepts and their application in practice. It sets them in wider frames of communication and courage, and the ambiguous policy context of a preference for cooperative engagement with families but high expectations about protecting children. It offers recommendations for future research into the review process, authorship style, practice in local agencies and national government policy.

Smart Governance Policy: An Overview of The Local Government Performance

One of the challenges in digital transformation is building a comprehensive digital ecosystem. This article aims to analyze smart governance policies in improving government efficiency in Indonesia. The number of applications cannot be used as a benchmark in determining the performance of governance implementation. This article uses a qualitative research method with the approach of a systematic literature review. The results of the study found that smart governance policies are oriented to 4 indicators, including community participation, effective governance, public and social services, and political perspectives and strategies. This policy will be successful if implemented collaboratively and integratively. The novelty of the research is in the exploration of policies in local government because until now smart governance policies have not been fully implemented, especially in regions that do not have a clear vision strategy. This research also develops various smart governance policy challenges including digital technology infrastructure, organization, policy reform, and collaborative work development.

Evaluation of green development in mariculture: The case of Chinese oyster aquaculture

Green development, which is to achieve economic growth and environmental improvement under the principle of harmony between people and nature, has become the mainstream of the world economy, and green development assessment of the industry is becoming increasingly urgent to achieve sustainable development goals. Combining the concept of green development and the characteristics of the mariculture industry, this study establishes a mariculture evaluation system of “yield & area + green economy + green progress”. Firstly, yield and area data are analyzed separately to reflect the green production of mariculture. Secondly, the evaluation index assesses the green growth of the industry in terms of green economy and green progress, the indices are constructed using the calculated relative indicators, weighted using the average of entropy and CRITIC, and the scores are converted into percentages using the efficacy coefficient method. Thirdly, apply the obstacle degree model to analyze the impact of each indicator, so as to identify the key factors affecting the score, and put forward targeted suggestions for improvement. Then, the evaluation system is applied to compare the green development levels of oyster aquaculture in six major regions in China. The results show that the trend of oyster aquaculture areas in China from 2011 to 2020 is largely influenced by local government policies, and the increase in yield has a positive effect in reducing carbon dioxide concentration and purifying seawater quality, but the disposal of waste by-products has become a serious problem for the development of the industry. Fujian has the highest overall evaluation score, benefiting from the largest domestic market share, while other regions have different strengths in terms of aquaculture technology promotion, yield growth, or oyster production levels. The factors that hinder the green development of each region vary, including low economic income, excessive area growth, and industrial inattention. In a word, Chinese oyster aquaculture needs to pay special attention to the problem of high production and low efficiency brought about by rapid expansion.

Immigrant attraction and retention: An exploration of local government policies

For cities, immigration is now considered a vital part of local economic and community development. Over the past half-century, many cities have experienced a series challenges caused by the impacts of late-stage demographic transition; the slow bleeding of skilled domestic workers to larger metropolitan areas; and the decline of traditional economic sectors. As a result, there has been a prioritization of attracting and retaining high-skilled and well-educated immigrants by local governments through locally-focused, place-based policies. Within this context, this paper examines the ways that cities in the Province of Ontario, Canada are constructing and implementing immigrant attraction, integration, and retention strategies. To achieve this goal, we identified and examined the local immigration policies of the 52 cities in Ontario, 36 of which have a formal immigration policy document. A comprehensive content analysis was conducted on these available to identify the ways that immigration is conceptualized, and the specific policies and approaches that local governments are implementing. Statistical analysis was used to determine if there was variation in policy across different types of cities. Based on this analysis, local governments are generally developing holistic, place-based policies – however, there is variation in approaches across cities of different sizes and geographies. These place-specific policies draw on local assets and advantages (i.e. existing migrant communities; local amenities and attractions; economic and education opportunities) while also work to enhance enhancing local capacity (i.e. building networks and immigration partnerships; training employers and city workers).

Local Government Policies in Formulating Harmonious and Democratic Regional Regulations

Regional Regulation is one of the legal products in the region that greatly affects the welfare of the people, therefore the formation of regional regulations by the Regional Government should be participatory. The purpose of this research is to see how democratic laws and regulations are used to make local regulations. Components of the legal framework, especially the local government and DPRD, do not provide space for the community to express their aspirations, resulting in local regulations that are only ceremonial in nature. Similarly, the principle of democracy outlined in the Law on the Formation of Legislation is still a formality due to the fact that the publication of local regulations to the public is not an obligation and the legal culture of the community and the role of democratization of formation have not been implemented. The problems in this research are 1) How is the implementation of democratic legislation in accordance with the needs of society? 2) Has the formation of local regulations involved public participation? The results of this research show that relevant institutions need to oversee how bureaucrats' participation works, in line with the mandate of Law Number 12/2011 on the Formation of Legislation, the formation of local regulations that are not participatory has resulted in several local regulations that are not in accordance with the demands of the community so that revisions need to be made. To ensure that local regulations are participatory and meet the needs of the community, the government must involve the community, accommodate aspirations, and capture as much community input as possible.

Strengthening local government policies to address health inequities: perspectives from Australian local government stakeholders

BackgroundWith their close connection to community and increasing preventive health remit, local governments are well positioned to implement policies and programs to address health inequities. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence of equity-focused policy action in this sector. We aimed to understand how local government representatives approach equity in the development and implementation of health and wellbeing policies and programs, and to identify potential enablers for strengthening an equity focus.MethodsWe conducted semi-structured interviews (June 2022-January 2023) with 29 health directorate representatives from 21 local governments in Victoria, Australia. Representatives were recruited from urban, regional and rural local government areas, with varying levels of socioeconomic position. Data was analysed inductively using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis, informed by social determinants of health theory and a public policy decision making framework.ResultsLocal governments approach health equity in different ways including focusing on priority populations, disadvantaged geographic areas, or by targeting the upstream determinants of health, such as housing and employment. Enabling factors for more equity-oriented local government policy action included those internal to local governments: (i) having a clear conceptualisation of equity, (ii) fostering a strong equity-centric culture, and (iii) developing organisational-wide competency in health equity. External factors related to key stakeholder groups that support and/or influence local governments included: (iv) strong support from community, (v) state government leadership and legislation, and (vi) supportive local partners, networks and NGO’s.ConclusionsLocal governments have a responsibility to implement policies and programs that improve health and reduce health inequities. Local government’s capacity to leverage resources, structures, processes and relationships, internally and across sectors and community, will be key to strengthening equity-oriented local government health policies and programs.

Violence against a backdrop of colours? Ethnographic insights into tensions between urban transformation and ongoing violence in marginalised neighbourhoods

Since the early 2000s, the two largest cities in Colombia have been lauded as success stories of urban transformation. However, there is a tension between urban transformation narratives disseminated in international media and political discourse, and the realities of ongoing violence and insecurity. Drawing on ethnographic research following creative arts projects, this article offers empirical detail on how people negotiate this tension in marginalised urban neighbourhoods, which are often the most affected by overlapping forms of violence while being key sites of transformation policies. Through in-depth interviews and participant observation in Bogotá and Medellín, we show the complexities of how grassroots creative projects both mobilise transformation politics and negotiate violence in everyday life. By focusing on the local scale, we consider both the important gains that have been made since urban transformation became a key tenet of local government policy, particularly around challenging stigma, and the challenges that local populations continue to face. Ultimately, we argue that the experiences of the creative organisations we speak to reflect the need to negotiate ongoing structural violence and fluctuating support from the state. In contrast to depoliticised transformation narratives, this has implications for understanding the state’s role in the reproduction of violence in everyday life and appreciating the limitations of aesthetic transformation in marginalised urban communities.

Quality of service and citizen satisfaction in a Lima district municipality

In the context of a district municipality in Lima in 2023, quality of care and citizen satisfaction are vital areas of study to understand the effectiveness of local government policies. This research approach dives into assessing how public services, municipal administration, and citizen interactions intertwine to influence the overall perception of inhabitants regarding the quality of services received. Exploring citizen satisfaction involves analyzing how different initiatives, programs and local government management impact residents' daily lives, well-being and trust in institutions. This study seeks to identify factors that influence the perception of quality of care, addressing the effectiveness of implemented policies and their alignment with the expectations and needs of the community, thus contributing to the continuous improvement of municipal services and the citizen experience

Kebijakan Penanggulangan Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) pada Berbagai Daerah di Indonesia

The environment and behavior play an important role in the occurrence of health problems or diseases, such as Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). DHF problems always occur from year to year, especially the number of cases, both globally and nationally and even locally. In Indonesia each region has different policies- in addressing DHF problems in their regions. This paper aims to describe several local government policies in dealing with DHF problems in several regions based on research results published in several journals. This research is in the nature of a review or article review. The results of the research reviewed in this article are 6 (six) articles, namely the range of 2018-2022. The aspects that are looked at are the title, author, year, objectives, methods, results and conclusions. The results of the study found that most local governments have different policies in tackling DHF, but with the aim the same thing, namely reducing DHF cases and preventing extraordinary events (KLB), such as by community empowerment, field action strategies and utilization of local wisdom. The conclusion is that regional policies in tackling DHF from 2018 to 2022 are able to reduce or control the incidence of DHF. To overcome unresolved problems related to behavior, it is better to use the Emotional Demonstration (Emo Demo) approach.

RAJA AMPAT LOCAL GOVERNMENT LEADERSHIP MODEL IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION IN PAPUA

This article aims to analyze the local government leadership strategies implemented in Raja Ampat district in developing Islamic education; this type of research uses Phenomenological research with a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection methods used are observation, interview and documentation methods and fgd. The results showed that 1). The local government leadership model in the development of Islamic education in Papua by establishing transformative leadership by creating local government policies through local regulations, Establishing a Policy on the Construction of Houses of Worship (Mosques) through the Regional Budget (APBD); Policy on Providing Incentives to Mosque Takmir, Imams, through the APBD; Empowering religious social organizations; Providing study fee assistance to mosque takmir educators, imams and religious leaders that not all local governments carry out this strategy6; 2). The Raja Ampat local government develops its role as a regulator, facilitator, social welfare provider and monitoring and evaluator, resulting in better quality and quantity of mosque/mushallah worship facilities and non-formal education institutions; increasing the quality of education services and strengthening smart, qualified and competitive human resources.

The Peri-Urban Gentrification Process in Cisauk Subdistrict, Tangerang Regency, Indonesia

Gentrification is a phenomenon that occurs in many regions. Gentrification is characterized by the influx of more affluent residents into initially low-value areas. This influx increases the value of these areas, potentially leading to the displacement of people who cannot afford to remain in the neighborhood. This study aims to examine the cause and impacts of peri-urban gentrification in Cisauk District, Tangerang Regency. This study uses qualitative and remote sensing-based analysis to investigate gentrification's impact on six Cisauk sub-district villages. We used primary and secondary data for the analysis. The primary data was collected from observations, interviews, questionnaires, and Google Earth Engine data catalog to get Landsat 7 and 8 image-ries. The secondary was collected from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The Landsat data was used to identi-fy the change on the physical aspect, while the others were used to analyze the non-physical aspect. After-ward, positive and negative effects were explored, emphasizing residents' responses and adaptations. The re-sults showed that Cisauk Subdistrict faced a gentrification process driven by locational factors (i.e., proximity to toll road) and local government policies (i.e., spatial planning policy designating it as a high-density residential area). The positive impact of the gentrified area is that the region is developing economically much better, and many areas function better economically and so benefit the region and its people. On the other hand, the negative impacts of gentrified areas are that indigenous people are threatened with being forced to leave their villages, there are significant increases in land prices, and changes in people's social lives occur. To minimize the negative impact of gentrification, the government should promote the capacity of low-income households to access its benefits.

The Impact of Regulation on Islamic Financial Institutions Toward the Monopolistic Practices in the Banking Industrial in Aceh, Indonesia

The ratification of Aceh regulation (Hereafter called Qanun) Number 11 of 2018 concerning Islamic Financial Institutions (Hereafter called Qanun LKS) has provided special rights for Islamic banking institutions, while non-Islamic banking institutions are not permitted to run their business in the province. At the same time, the central Government also decided to merge three state-owned Islamic banks, namely BNI Syariah, BRI Syariah, and Mandiri Syariah, to become Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). These policies have potentially violated Law on Antitrust, especially in Aceh Province. This article aimed to analyze whether the local Government's policy in enacting the Qanun LKS and consolidating the BSI is part of monopoly practices and unfair business competition in the banking sector in the Aceh region. This research was classified as normative qualitative research, where data was obtained from secondary sources, such as laws, books, journals and related studies. The results showed that the enactment of Qanun LKS has restricted conventional banking from expanding its business in the region. In addition, the Government’s policy to consolidate three state-owned Islamic banks, which control more than seventy-five of the market share in Aceh province, was considered contrary to the law on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition Number 5 of 1999.

Opportunities for the Socio-Economic Development of "Durana"

Sustainable development of the economy based on growth and territorial development has always been one of the biggest challenges of the central government. Tirana and Durres are two of the largest cities of the Republic of Albania. The expansion of their territorial extent (in some cases formal and in others informal) and the tendency for these two cities to meet brought the need to deal with this situation at the central level. The chaotic constructions, the lack of infrastructure as well as the severe damage to the national natural landscape brought the need to draw up a national strategy for this area. In order to guarantee a sustainable territorial and urban development of this area, the Ministry of Urban Development, in cooperation with the National Territorial Planning Agency, took the initiative to draw up the Intersectional Integrated Plan for the Tirana-Durres area. The main goal of this plan is to create the appropriate infrastructure for a sustainable territorial and economic development. This plan will serve to coordinate and unify local government policies between these areas in order to guarantee the economic, social and environmental development of the region, promoting the economy and improving the environment. At the same time, this strategy will also help as a guarantee for foreign investors and businesses, who are interested in being involved in the further development of the Tirana-Durres metropolitan region. In this paper, some important elements related to the development of this area will be treated, giving a modest contribution to the doctrine of law in Albania.
 
 Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 15 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023

Sustainable Development Evaluation of Cultural and Creative Industries Using a Neutrosophic-Based Dematel–Topsis Approach

Nowadays, national governments and international organizations are increasingly interested in the sustainable development of the cultural and creative industries through the integration of culture, art, science, and education and their influence on local economic and cultural development and promotion. However, to the best of our knowledge, only few studies have proposed a comprehensive framework based on the multi-criteria decision-making concept for evaluating the sustainable development of such industries. The main purpose of this paper is to determine which criteria are important for sustainable development, how these criteria interact, and how the sustainability performance of the evaluated subjects can be measured. Four sustainability perspectives are incorporated into the framework, economic, social, environmental, and governmental institutional, and 17 evaluation criteria. In the methodology, the neutrosophic decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (N-DEMATEL) method is first used to identify the influential relationships between the sustainability criteria. Then, a modified technique for order priority by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is used to calculate the performance of the sustainable cultural and creative industries. Neutrosophic fuzzy logic is applied to reflect the ambiguity of the expert evaluations, with the three parameters of truth, falsity, and indeterminacy incorporated to obtain more potential uncertainty information for neutrosophic decision support. The validity and practicality of the proposed model are demonstrated through a real-world example for the National Museum of Natural Science located in Central Taiwan. The results show that local government involvement, policy promotion and marketing, and the promotion of concept of sustainability are the most influential criteria for sustainability in the cultural and creative industries. The research findings can be used to guide the long-term development of the cultural and creative industries for industry and government and the method can be adapted for other performance evaluation issues. Government agencies can use the model to encourage the development of the cultural and creative industries through financial support, promotion, and partnerships with other agencies using its resources and allocation capabilities.

Current Practices and Opportunities for More Sustainable Public Food Procurement: A Qualitative Study among Danish Municipalities and Regions.

Public food procurement has been emphasized as a powerful tool to promote a healthier and more sustainable food system, but there is still a long way to go to reach full potential. This study aimed to investigate practices and opportunities for sustainable and healthy public food procurement. A qualitative cross-sectional study was performed among Danish municipalities and regions stratified and randomly selected to cover standard practice (n = 17). In addition, interviews were performed among selected best-practice municipalities (n = 5) providing examples of ambitious goals and well-defined processes for obtaining sustainable food procurement. Large differences were observed in the cross-sectional analysis in relation to policy support and goals for sustainable food procurement, including organic purchase. Generally, there was a great attentiveness to reduce food waste and many valued the use of local food, especially among rural municipalities, whereas experience with climate impact reduction and shifts towards more plant-based menus was still in an early implementation stage. Results suggest a possible synergy effect between the use of organic food and efforts to reduce food waste and climate impact and emphasize the importance of local government policies to promote healthy and sustainable food procurement. Enabling factors to move sustainable food procurement forward are discussed.

Upward mobility implications on the aspirant middle class in emerging economies

This article unearths the salient factors that trap the aspiring middle class in their progression towards a stable middle class in the City of Johannesburg, South Africa. The study utilises a quantitative case study design, drawing on a sample of 449 aspirants and 578 middle‐class heads of households from the 2021 Gauteng City‐Region Observatory Quality of Life Survey. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyse these salient factors (key determinants) and their impact on the social mobility of the aspirant middle class. Findings reveal a significant relationship between social mobility and education, racial inequality, asset ownership, access to economic opportunities and proximity to amenities. We suggest local government policies that positively influence the conditions of these determinants for sustained mobility of the aspirant middle class over time.

The nature and extent of outdoor alcohol marketing in Wellington, New Zealand: a longitudinal audit and spatio-temporal analysis of outdoor alcohol marketing.

exposure to alcohol marketing is associated with increased consumption. We aimed to (i) measure the nature and extent of outdoor alcohol marketing within a high-density urban neighbourhood and (ii) examine temporal and spatial trends in alcohol marketing. this study used a longitudinal design to monitor paid advertising in public spaces over two 10-week periods in Wellington, New Zealand (Nov-Jan 2020-2021, Nov-Jan 2021-2022). The data were collected on-foot following an established route once a week using a phone camera, which also recorded gps data of ad locations. Temporal and spatial trends in alcohol ad prevalence were assessed. over the study period, 13% (n= 1619) of all ads (n= 12,472) were for alcohol. Alcohol ads were predominately for spirits (29%), ready-to-drink (27%) and beer (23%). Almost half of all alcohol ads (49%) did not contain a responsible consumption message, while those with a message were de-emphasized relative to promotional features. A temporal trend was observed in 2020, whereby alcohol marketing decreased over the summer, but this trend was not reflected in 2021. Alcohol ads were more likely than non-alcohol ads to be placed in premium positions on roads of high pedestrian and motor vehicle traffic. alcohol marketing is common in urban centres. Local and central government policy could substantially reduce the levels of alcohol marketing exposure via outdoor marketing.