Local Garage Research Articles

Reducing the Waste Oil Decomposition and Producing a useful Energy Conversion Process

Our project is about waste oil burning system, now a days many of the fuels are available to run a vehicle or to produce power. Nowadays we are using the many source of power and the same thing it will not properly disposed and it affect the environment , we have to stop affecting the environment. So we decided to used as Waste Oil is defined as any petroleum-based oil , In world wide approximately 1.3 billion gallons of waste oil are generated from the crankcases of millions of automobiles and trucks whenever the oil is changed. Approximately 200 million gallons of waste oil are not disposed of properly. Waste oil can be disposed of in a variety of ways, including by sending it off-site (some facilities, like your local garages and waste disposal facilities, are allowed to handle the waste oil), burning it as fuel and selling the used oil claims are made that the used oil is to be burned for energy recovery, and then it is shipped to a used oil burner who burns the used oil in an approved industrial furnace or boiler. A minimum flash point of 100°F.. According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) , a waste oil furnace is a type of furnace that is used for heating and is powered by old oil that is free of hazardous impurities. Boilers powered by waste oil can be utilised for a variety of commercial tasks in addition to heating. In our project we are deside to fabricate waste oil stove by reducing the use of the LPG or other electrical stove. In the burners were developed as a way to effectively burn the waste oil and to provide alternative heating systems.In this project work all the challenging parts are fabricated as per innovative design and then rigidly assembled to perform the indented function. We have to recycle the waste oil and reduce the pollution.

Site Assessment Instrument for Regional Maintenance Center

To minimize maintenance cost and improve rural transit vehicles services, a Regional Maintenance Center (RMC) concept is being considered by Texas. Currently, rural transit vehicles are maintained and repaired by local garages, where service fees and quality of work performed often are questionable. RMCs are designed to maintain and repair rural transit vehicles within a geographical region. A cost-efficient method to create an RMC is by upgrading an existing maintenance operation. The objective of this study is to create a site assessment instrument to assist in the process of selecting potential maintenance operations that could be upgraded to an RMC. Upon interviewing various rural transportation experts and visiting the benchmark RMC in Illinois, a list of criteria crucial for a successful RMC was compiled and classified into various categories. The result of this benchmarking was used in a preliminary study of Lubbock County, Texas, and vicinity.

Biosurfactant: A Potent Antimicrobial Agent

Surfactant is an important class of chemicals with wide domestic and industrial application Synthetic surfactant however used to increase the contaminant solubility are often toxic representing an additional source of contamination Microbially produced surface active compounds i e biosurfactants are less toxic biodegradable and have potential uses in large oil recovery operations removal of oil spills biodegradation of hydrocarbons from the soil production of detergent agro industries manufacture of pharmaceutical products etc One of potential areas in which the usefulness of biosurfactants has been studied is its antimicrobial activity which is catching good attention worldwide The biosurfactants acts as an effective antimicrobial agent against a number of pathogenic organisms In the present research work a systematic isolation and screening program was under taken for obtaining biosurfactant producing bacteria After sampling in mineral salt medium a total of isolates were screened from the samples collected from Uran sea coast Mumbai and local Garage and Petrol pump After primary and secondary screening procedures like hemolysis emulsification index oil spread technique and surface tension measurement isolates namely Y and X were selected The emulsification index for the isolates was in petrol and diesel in hrs The isolates reduced surface tension of the MS medium as follows Y Dynes cm to Dynes cm and X Dynes cm to Dynes cm in a period of hrs The MS medium was optimized by Plackett Burman design for the isolates The biosurfactants was purified by acid precipitation method The antimicrobial activity tested for the purified surfactant was effective against nbsp E coli nbsp NCIM nbsp B subtilis nbsp NCIM and nbsp S aureus nbsp NCIM

An empirical investigation into the relationship between workshop operations and accidents in local automobile garages in Ghana

Local automobile garage workers carry out daily workshop operations, which sometimes lead to accidents and injuries. Therefore, this study was carried out to establish a relationship between automobile workshop operations causing accidents and safety practices among local garage workers in Ghana. Three main data collection approaches were used in the study namely focus group discussions (10 FGDs), observation and survey (250 respondents). Data were analyzed with SPSS. From the FGDs, participants identified workshop operations that had the potential of causing accidents, safety factors and safety practices. Factor reduction analysis was carried out where identified workshop operations were clustered into three factors relating to worker’s attitude toward workshop operations, working environment and management practices, and work monotony. Safety practices were clustered into two main components regarding worker’s approach to safety measures and provision and storage of chemicals appropriately. Five safety measures were mentioned to be practiced in garages that had a positive moderate correlation with the potential workshop operations causing accidents. Finally, it could be said that local garage workers had some level of knowledge concerning safety measures but the practice does not measure up to standard and best safety practices. Therefore, safety seminars and training sessions should be organized for local automobile garage workers.

Modern Automobile Vehicle Repair Practices in Micro, Small and Medium Scale Garages in Ghana

This paper assesses the modern automobile vehicle repair and maintenance practices in the micro, small and medium scale garages in Ghana. In the study, the various vehicle repair and maintenance practices were investigated using a questionnaire administered on vehicle repair garages in the country. In addition, some amount of data was generated through personal observations and informal discussions. The survey revealed that a large number of the auto-mechanics in the garages in the country have considerable years of auto repair working experience, but lack the ability to inspect and repair modern automobile vehicles due to low educational and technical levels. The auto mechanics also lack the ability to identify and use modern diagnostic equipments, manufacturers’ manuals, computers and internet which have characterized modern vehicle repairs, in their repair practices. They also lack adequate tools, equipments and other logistical supports. To enhance modern vehicle repair practices in the country, training institutions and organizations such as the universities, polytechnics, the Ghana Institution of Engineers, Gratis Foundation, National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI), the government and so on, should extend assistance particularly in the form of education, training and equipments to these local garages. This is to enable them remain in business and prevent garage closures due to their inability to repair modern automobile vehicles.

Ronald Ogier Ward, urologist, hero & first president of BAUS

Ronald Ogier Ward, urologist, hero &amp; first president of <scp>BAUS</scp>

The Work of Repair: Gesture, Emotion and Sensual Knowledge

As the pressure on limited natural resources and energy increases, so the trend of the consumer society of the twentieth century towards discarding and replacing things that stop working will shift towards recycling and repairing them. This paper contrasts the work of production with the work of repair and argues that the later is an artisanal process in tune with the species being of humans identified by Marx. Amongst the distinctive characteristics of the work of repair are the use of a complex repertoire of gestures, a variable emotional tone and the gathering of sensual knowledge. These distinctively human characteristics are not amenable to systematisation or replication in a machine process. The argument is illustrated with reference to more than sixty years of research on mechanised production in the car industry and a recent study of the work of repairing cars in local garages. Video data – here summarised with still images – is used to show the complex process of the work of repair that is explored in the light of theoretical perspectives from Leroi-Gourhan, Hendrick, and Merleau-Ponty.

Auto Mechanics: Technology and Expertise in Twentieth-Century America (review)

Reviewed by: Auto Mechanics: Technology and Expertise in Twentieth-Century America Joseph J. Corn (bio) Auto Mechanics: Technology and Expertise in Twentieth-Century America. By Kevin L. Borg. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007. Pp. viii+249. $50. Effective maintenance of equipment and infrastructure, the social critic Eric Hoffer liked to say, was "the best test for the vigor and stamina" of an organization or a nation. The United States has often failed Hoffer's test, privileging the invention and development of new technologies rather than keeping up its old ones. Historians, too, have largely neglected maintenance and repair, which makes Kevin L. Borg's new book pathbreaking and ever so welcome. In seven richly detailed chapters, theoretically sophisticated and attentive to nuances of race, class, and gender, Borg analyzes the changing background, training, and expertise of auto mechanics over the course of the twentieth century. He begins with the "chauffeur-mechanics" of the early 1900s, the first group to earn a living working on automobiles. While expected to be deferential and obey orders, chauffeurs often refused to wear livery, took their bosses' vehicles out for joy rides, and hired themselves out as jitney operators for pocket money. Their actions previewed the class conflicts that would continue to characterize relations between automobile owners and those who fixed autos. Another early group working under the hood were what Borg calls "Ad Hoc Mechanics"—bicycle dealers, machinists, electricians, blacksmiths, and even plumbers who occasionally performed car repairs. Drawing on new evidence, Borg revises the traditional assumption of historians that men with skills like blacksmithing easily transitioned to become successful full-time automobile mechanics. But where, then, did the legions of mechanics who dealt with the ever-increasing number of cars come from? "Creating New Mechanics" is the first of a cluster of chapters addressing institutional efforts to recruit and train new generations of auto mechanics through formal classroom and shop-based instruction. Some of the earliest courses on automotive mechanics were offered by the YMCA, starting in 1904. During World War I the U.S. Army established its first schools for the purpose. But it was the American high school, by embracing vocational education and particularly the curriculum dubbed "auto shop," that provided the major means of recruiting and training young people (predominantly males) as auto mechanics. High school students supplemented their classroom experience with on-the-job training at local garages or car dealerships, and some later received in-service instruction from automobile manufacturers. Consolidated in the 1930s, this educational regime endures today, although it has never been wholly satisfactory. [End Page 464] An individual car owner may speak fondly of "my" mechanic, trusted and expert, but motorists have always believed that, as a class, mechanics are dishonest, incompetent, or both. Tensions between customers and mechanics worsened during the 1950s and 1960s as Americans, increasingly suburban, depended more on their cars than ever before. Moreover, the vehicles they drove had become loaded with power accessories, air-conditioning systems, and the like, making them more prone to trouble. When new emissions-control technologies were added starting in the 1960s and 1970s, mechanics struggled with new and seemingly intractable problems, and auto repair became more contested than ever. In his final chapter, "'Check Engine,' Technology of Distrust," Borg analyzes the efforts to find a "diagnostic fix" (p. 152), both for the problem of exhaust pollution and for the problem of poorly trained mechanics. Americans tried independent testing centers, where machines would supposedly diagnose a car's troubles and enable the car owner to then go to a mechanic and order a particular repair. Not surprisingly, these costly establishments frequently misdiagnosed problems or missed them altogether and left customers frustrated. In the late 1980s, advances in computerization led to another try at a fix: onboard diagnostics or OBD. Developed primarily to monitor automakers' compliance with Clean Air Act emissions parameters, OBD memory retained a coded record of many engine functions. This data told mechanics "what to fix or at least where to begin looking" for car trouble (p. 164). But the near-century-old system for creating auto mechanics was not attracting bright, computer-savvy young people. By the 1990s, given the public's...

The moral space in entrepreneurship: an exploration of ethical imperatives and the moral legitimacy of being enterprising

This paper explores the morality associated with entrepreneurship. It has been argued that there is no moral space in entrepreneurship, but such instrumental views may miss out much of the nature of enterprise and how it is understood. Consequently we propose that a socially-constructed perspective, based upon the meanings of entrepreneurship, may help to understand the morality of entrepreneurship. By applying such a lens, we find that the narratives and discourses of the meanings of entrepreneurship are ideological and clearly present a moral space. This space lies between the individual and society and is normatively articulated in entrepreneurial discourses. We develop a tentative framework which links values and outcomes that shows how ‘authenticated’ entrepreneurship, that is to say that which resonates with a socially approved moral dimension, is legitimized by comparisons with the socially constructed view. The empirical part of the paper comprises of two case stories. The first is a local garage owner who has a reputation as a decent man; the second is a notorious, but entrepreneurial London gangster. Our analysis shows that to be judged ‘entrepreneurial’, it is not enough to act entrepreneurially; the social constructs of public perceptions entail examining both moral means and moral ends. We conclude that there is a moral imperative in entrepreneurship.

Consumer Benefit from Use of the Internet

The Internet is one of the most important innovations of the 20th century. This paper discusses sources of consumer surplus that are likely to exist due to the types of sites we see being used online and points to research that quantifies the consumer gains from use of the Internet. I also discuss the problems involved in measuring all the gains from use of the Internet. Websites that make traditional sales generate consumer surplus through availability, variety and convenience to the consumer. Price comparison sites allow consumers to quickly and easily gather price quotes from a variety of sellers, which results in the consumer paying a lower price. Information sites provide information that the consumer can use to pick an appropriate activity or execute a task more efficiently; often these sites save consumers time in mundane tasks such as buying tickets, checking the weather, or getting driving directions. Likewise, matching sites (such as eBay) improve transactions by hugely increasing the quality of the match compared to the local garage sale. While it's clear the Internet increases price competition so that consumers pay less for products, it also improves daily life by increasing the variety, quality and availability of products and information. These gains are particularly useful to people with high transactions costs (busy, rural) and uninformed people. Of course there are existing and potential attempts by firms to hold on to their profits in the face of consumers' lowered search and transaction costs. Corporate responses include lobbying for legal protection, altering product design, restricting the information shared with consumers (obfuscation), and engaging in differential pricing.

Body Switching and Related Adaptations in the Resale of Stolen Vehicles. Script Elaborations and Aggregate Crime Learning Curves

The paper provides a case study of a sustained crime expansion. The case study is offence-specific (motor vehicles stolen for resale purposes) and restricted to a particular time frame (1974-92) and setting (a Canadian province). 'How ' offenders have collectively designed this crime increase is given a salient analytical status and made to explain 'why ' it occurred in the first place. As suggested by Cornish (1994) crimes can be analysed as behavioural scripts of various complexity, and offending activities as the purposive experimentation and tinkering of such scripts. Our main argument is that multiple innovations or script alterations have been successfully introduced and adopted by a significant mix of motivated and suitable partidpants, produdng over time a cumulative or sustaining effect on yearly output of unrecovered stolen vehicles. In order to document this 'aggregate learning'process we rely on a subset of police investigations on resale networks. Cornish (1993: 31; see also 1994) has recently suggested that complex crimes (often labelled 'professional' or 'organized') should be analysed as end products or outcomes of a causal chain of separate actions or moves 'strung out along an axle, rather as kebabs are skewered on to a stick'. Permanent retention motor vehicle thefts, for instance, involve a sequence of five moves (theft of the vehicle, concealment, disguise, marketing and ultimate disposal), each move having a specific mix of casting, location and props requirements. Participants can play each move or scene in a variety of ways: cars may be stolen in parking lots or obtained by providing rental agencies with stolen identities. Vehicle identification numbers may be altered or their chassis transferred from a crashed vehicle to a stolen one ('body switching'). And 'rehabilitated' vehicles may be sold to a foreign dealer, a local garage shop or advertised in local newspapers. Procedural analysis, then, defines crime events as natural experiments. Some crime scripts could be found to have a2x2x2*2 design (a sequence of four moves, and only two possible ways to play each scene). Other crime scripts may require a shorter sequence of actions but allow more flexible means of acting out each successive move (for example a 2 x 3 x 4 design). A crime can therefore be defined as an S(ik) sequence, with i moves and k facets or ways of playing each move. Offenders may innovate and change given crime scripts by increasing or modifying the variety of k facets for any given move (first order elaborations) or by adding, deleting or re-ordering the number of moves of the crime-commission script (second-order elaborations). Both first and second-order tinkering provide offenders with new ways to victimize the existing pool of targets (a

Nativism Reborn? The Official English Language Movement and the American States.

In July 1992 Senator Robert C. Byrd (D-WV) angrily suggested during floor debate... the United States should not continue accepting immigrants mho speak no English. pick up the telephone and call the local garage, Byrd said. can't understand the person on the other side of the line. I'm not sure he can understand me. They're all over the place, and they don't speak English. We want more of this? Later he apologized for the remark, saying, regret in the heat of the moment I spoke unwisely.Is America in the midst of another backlash against foreigners? In the wide-ranging controversy over multiculturalism has generated much heat in recent years, one of the most volatile issues is whether the United States should reflect a dominant English-speaking majority or encourage a multilingual culture.Tied up with this emotional issue is a growing anxiety on the part of many Americans about the new wave of non-European immigrants. is not without significance, says S.I. Hayakawa, who was a founder of U.S. English, that pressure against English language legislation does not come from any immigrant group other than the Hispanic: not from the Chinese or Koreans or Filipinos or Vietnamese; nor from immigrant Iranians, Turks, Greeks, East Indians, Ghanians, Ethiopians, Italians, or Swedes.Raymond Tatalovich has conducted the first detailed, systematic, and empirical study of the official English movement in the United States, seeking answers to two crucial questions: What motivations underlie the agitation for official English? Does the movement originate at the grassroots level or is it driven by elites?Since 1980, fifteen states have passed laws establishing English as the official language -- Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Three more laws, in Hawaii, Illinois, and Nebraska, predate the current agitation. The official language laws in ten of the states are wholly symbolic, but in the remaining eight they go beyond symbolism to stipulate some kind of enforcement. Four states have passed English Plus laws -- New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Washington. In addition some major cities -- Atlanta, Cleveland, Dallas, San Antonio, Tucson, and Washington, D.C. -- have also adopted English Plus laws or resolutions.Tatalovich hypothesized five possible motivations for the official English movement: race (hostility of the majority toward a minority), ethnicity (conflict between minori-ties), class (reaction by lower socioeconomic groups), politics (partisan or ideological backlash), and culture (anti-foreign sentiment).His analysis is based on an eclectic range of sources, from historical documents, legal records, and court decisions to news accounts and interviews. In many southern states where the issue has recently assumed prominence, he found support for the initiative is identified as a residue of nativism. Tatalovich empirically shows linkage between support today for official English and opposition in the South to immigration in the 1920s.This study not only is definitive but also is a dispassionate analysis of an issue seems destined to become even more controversial in the next few years. It makes a notable contribution to the current debate over multiculturalism and will be of special interest to sociologists, historians of contemporary social history, linguists, legal scholars, and political scientists who study public policy, minority politics, and comparative state politics.

ONE MAN WITH FIVE TESTES: REPORT OF CASE

This case was referred to the urologic department, July 1, 1918, for confirmation by Major H. C. Loos, chief of the surgical service at Camp Bowie. The man in question was discovered by Major Loos at a local garage, where he was employed as a mechanic. After questioning the man and hearing his history, Major Loos was interested enough to have him report to the base hospital for examination. The case has since been presented to the Clinical Society of the Base Hospital, Camp Bowie, for examination. G. E. M., aged 19, of San Benito, Texas, presented a negative family and personal history other than that his father had died of typhoid ten years before. He had had gonorrhea twice, the first time at 17 years, and again six months before we saw him. The first time he knew he was other than normal was two years before, when on