Local Functional Equation Research Articles

Note on $$p$$-Adic Local Functional Equation

Given primes $\ell\ne p$, we record here a $p$-adic valued Fourier theory on a local field over $\mathbf{Q}_\ell$, which is developed under the perspective of group schemes. As an application, by substituting rigid analysis for complex analysis, it leads naturally to the $p$-adic local functional equation at $\ell$, which strongly resembles the complex one in Tate's thesis.

Local polynomials and functional equations

Local polynomials and functional equations

Zeta functions of the 3-dimensional almost-Bieberbach groups

Abstract The subgroup zeta function and the normal zeta function of a finitely generated virtually nilpotent group can be expressed as finite sums of Dirichlet series admitting Euler product factorization. We compute these series except for a finite number of local factors when the group is virtually nilpotent of Hirsch length 3. We deduce that they can be meromorphically continued to the whole complex plane and that they satisfy local functional equations. The complete computation (with no exception of local factors) is presented for those groups that are also torsion-free, that is, for the 3-dimensional almost-Bieberbach groups.

Zeta Functions of Integral Nilpotent Quiver Representations

AbstractWe introduce and study multivariate zeta functions enumerating subrepresentations of integral quiver representations. For nilpotent such representations defined over number fields, we exhibit a homogeneity condition that we prove to be sufficient for local functional equations of the generic Euler factors of these zeta functions. This generalizes and unifies previous work on submodule zeta functions including, specifically, ideal zeta functions of nilpotent (Lie) rings and their graded analogues.

Green’s functions for Vladimirov derivatives and Tate’s thesis

Given a number field $K$ with a Hecke character $\chi$, for each place $\nu$ we study the free scalar field theory whose kinetic term is given by the regularized Vladimirov derivative associated to the local component of $\chi$. These theories appear in the study of $p$-adic string theory and $p$-adic AdS/CFT correspondence. We prove a formula for the regularized Vladimirov derivative in terms of the Fourier conjugate of the local component of $\chi$. We find that the Green's function is given by the local functional equation for Zeta integrals. Furthermore, considering all places $\nu$, the field theory two-point functions corresponding to the Green's functions satisfy an adelic product formula, which is equivalent to the global functional equation for Zeta integrals. In particular, this points out a role of Tate's thesis in adelic physics.

IDEAL ZETA FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED TO A FAMILY OF CLASS-2-NILPOTENT LIE RINGS

Abstract We produce explicit formulae for various ideal zeta functions associated to the members of an infinite family of class-$2$-nilpotent Lie rings, introduced in M. N. Berman, B. Klopsch and U. Onn (A family of class-2 nilpotent groups, their automorphisms and pro-isomorphic zeta functions, Math. Z. 290 (2018), 909935), in terms of Igusa functions. As corollaries we obtain information about analytic properties of global ideal zeta functions, local functional equations, topological, reduced and graded ideal zeta functions, as well as representation zeta functions for the unipotent group schemes associated to the Lie rings in question.

On the archimedean local gamma factors for adjoint representation of GL3, part I

Studying the analytic properties of the partial Langlands $L$-function via Rankin-Selberg method has been proved to be successful in various cases. Yet in few cases is the local theory studied at the archimedean places, which causes a tremendous gap to complete the analytic theory of the complete $L$-function. In this paper, we will establish the meromorphic continuation and the functional equation of the archimedean local integrals associated with D. Ginzburg's global integral for the adjoint representation of $\mathrm{GL}_3$. Via the local functional equation, the local gamma factor $\Gamma(s,\pi,\mathrm{Ad},\psi)$ can be defined. In a forthcoming paper, we will compute the local gamma factor $\Gamma(s,\pi,\mathrm{Ad},\psi)$ explicitly, which fills in some blanks in the archimedean local theory of Ginzburg's global integral.

Existence of Fractional Impulsive Functional Integro-Differential Equations in Banach Spaces

In this paper, we establish the existence of piece wise (PC)-mild solutions (defined in Section 2) for non local fractional impulsive functional integro-differential equations with finite delay. The proofs are obtained using techniques of fixed point theorems, semi-group theory and generalized Bellman inequality. In this paper, we used the distributed characteristic operators to define a mild solution of the system. We also discussed the controversy related to the solution operator for the fractional order system using weak and strong Caputo derivatives. Examples are given to illustrate the theory.

A family of class-2 nilpotent groups, their automorphisms and pro-isomorphic zeta functions

The pro-isomorphic zeta function $$\zeta ^\wedge _\Gamma (s)$$ of a finitely generated nilpotent group $$\Gamma $$ is a Dirichlet generating function that enumerates finite-index subgroups whose profinite completion is isomorphic to that of $$\Gamma $$ . Such zeta functions can be expressed as Euler products of p-adic integrals over the $$\mathbb {Q}_p$$ -points of an algebraic automorphism group associated to $$\Gamma $$ . In this way they are closely related to classical zeta functions of algebraic groups over local fields. We describe the algebraic automorphism groups for a natural family of class-2 nilpotent groups $$\Delta _{m,n}$$ of Hirsch length $$\left( {\begin{array}{c}m+n-2 n-1\end{array}}\right) +\left( {\begin{array}{c}m+n-1 n-1\end{array}}\right) + n$$ and central Hirsch length n; these groups can be viewed as generalisations of $$D^*$$ -groups of odd Hirsch length. General $$D^*$$ -groups, that is ‘indecomposable’ finitely generated, torsion-free class-2 nilpotent groups with central Hirsch length 2, were classified up to commensurability by Grunewald and Segal. We calculate the local pro-isomorphic zeta functions for the groups $$\Delta _{m,n}$$ and obtain, in particular, explicit formulae for the local pro-isomorphic zeta functions associated to $$D^*$$ -groups of odd Hirsch length. From these we deduce local functional equations; for the global zeta functions we describe the abscissae of convergence and find meromorphic continuations. We deduce that the spectrum of abscissae of convergence for pro-isomorphic zeta functions of class-2 nilpotent groups contains infinitely many cluster points. For instance, the global abscissa of convergence of the pro-isomorphic zeta function of a $$D^*$$ -group of Hirsch length $$2m+3$$ is shown to be $$6-\frac{15}{m+3}$$ .

Nonabelian Fourier transforms for spherical representations

Braverman and Kahzdan have introduced an influential conjecture on local functional equations for general Langlands $L$-functions. It is related to L. Lafforgue's equally influential conjectural construction of kernels for functorial transfers. We formulate and prove a version of Braverman and Kazhdan's conjecture for spherical representations over an archimedean field that is suitable for application to the trace formula. We then give a global application related to Langlands' beyond endoscopy proposal. It is motivated by Ngo's suggestion that one combine nonabelian Fourier transforms with the trace formula in order to prove the functional equations of Langlands $L$-functions in general.

Orbit Dirichlet series and multiset permutations

We study Dirichlet series enumerating orbits of Cartesian products of maps whose orbit distributions are modelled on the distributions of finite index subgroups of free abelian groups of finite rank. We interpret Euler factors of such orbit Dirichlet series in terms of generating polynomials for statistics on multiset permutations, viz. descent and major index, generalizing Carlitz's $q$-Eulerian polynomials. We give two main applications of this combinatorial interpretation. Firstly, we establish local functional equations for the Euler factors of the orbit Dirichlet series under consideration. Secondly, we determine these (global) Dirichlet series' abscissae of convergence and establish some meromorphic continuation beyond these abscissae. As a corollary, we describe the asymptotics of the relevant orbit growth sequences. For Cartesian products of more than two maps we establish a natural boundary for meromorphic continuation. For products of two maps, we prove the existence of such a natural boundary subject to a combinatorial conjecture.

Local Functional Equations for Submodule Zeta Functions Associated to Nilpotent Algebras of Endomorphisms

We give a sufficient criterion for generic local functional equations for submodule zeta functions associated to nilpotent algebras of endomorphisms defined over number fields. This allows us, in particular, to prove various conjectures on such functional equations for ideal zeta functions of nilpotent Lie lattices. Via the Mal'cev correspondence, these results have corollaries pertaining to zeta functions enumerating normal subgroups of finite index in finitely generated nilpotent groups, most notably finitely generated free nilpotent groups of any given class.

Mild solutions of local non-Lipschitz neutral stochastic functional evolution equations driven by jumps modulated by Markovian switching

ABSTRACTIn this article, we initiate a study on neutral stochastic functional evolution equations driven by jumps modulated by Markovian switching in real separable Hilbert spaces. Our goal here is to derive the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions to equations of this class under local non-Lipschitz condition proposed by Taniguchi [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 340:(2009)197–208] by means of stopping time technique and Banach fixed-point theorem. The results obtained here generalize the main results from Luo and Taniguchi [Stoch. Dyn. 9:(2009)135–152] and Jiang and Shen [Comput. Math. Appl. 61:(2011)1590–1594]. Finally, an example is worked out to illustrate the obtained results.

Bessel functions for GL 2

In classical analytic number theory there are several trace formulas or summation formulas for modular forms that involve integral transformations of test functions against classical Bessel functions. Two prominent such are the Kuznetsov trace formula and the Voronoi summation formula. With the paradigm shift from classical automorphic forms to automorphic representations, one is led to ask whether the Bessel functions that arise in the classical summation formulas have a representation theoretic interpretation. We introduce Bessel functions for representations of GL2 over a finite field first to develop their formal properties and introduce the idea that the γ-factor that appears in local functional equations for L-functions should be the Mellin transform of a Bessel function. We then proceed to Bessel functions for representations of GL2(ℝ) and explain their occurrence in the Voronoi summation formula from this point of view. We briefly discuss Bessel functions for GL2 over a p-adic field and the relation between γ-factors and Bessel functions in that context. We conclude with a brief discussion of Bessel functions for other groups and their application to the question of stability of γ-factors under highly ramified twists.

Stückelberg mechanism in the presence of physical scalar resonances

We show that it is possible to accommodate physical scalar resonances within a minimal nonlinearly realized electroweak theory in a way compatible with a natural Hopf algebra selection criterion (Weak Power Counting) and the relevant functional identities of the model (Local Functional Equation, Slavnov-Taylor identity, ghost equations, b-equations). The Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) sector of the theory is studied by BRST techniques. The presence of a mass generation mechanism \`a la St\"uckelberg allows for two mass invariants in the gauge boson sector. The corresponding 't Hooft gauge-fixing is constructed by respecting all the symmetries of the theory. The model interpolates between the Higgs and a purely St\"uckelberg scenario. Despite the presence of physical scalar resonances, we show that tree-level violation of unitarity in the scattering of longitudinally polarized charged gauge bosons occurs at sufficiently high energies, if a fraction of the mass is generated by the St\"uckelberg mechanism. The formal properties of the physically favoured limit after LHC7-8 data, where BSM effects are small and custodial symmetry in the gauge boson sector is respected, are studied.

The algebra of physical observables in non-linearly realized gauge theories

We classify the physical observables in spontaneously broken nonlinearly realized gauge theories in the recently proposed loopwise expansion governed by the Weak Power-Counting (WPC) and the Local Functional Equation. The latter controls the non-trivial quantum deformation of the classical nonlinearly realized gauge symmetry, to all orders in the loop expansion. The Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism is used. We show that the dependence of the vertex functional on the Goldstone fields is obtained via a canonical transformation w.r.t. the BV bracket associated with the BRST symmetry of the model. We also compare the WPC with strict power-counting renormalizability in linearly realized gauge theories. In the case of the electroweak group we find that the tree-level Weinberg relation still holds if power-counting renormalizability is weakened to the WPC condition.

Functional equations for zeta functions of groups and rings

We introduce a new method to compute explicit formulae for various zeta functions associated to groups and rings. The specific form of these formulae enables us to deduce local functional equations. More precisely, we prove local functional equations for the subring zeta functions associated to rings, the subgroup, conjugacy and representation zeta functions of finitely generated, torsion-free nilpotent (or $\T$-)groups, and the normal zeta functions of $\T$-groups of class 2. In particular we solve the two problems posed in \cite[Section 5]{duSG/06}. We deduce our theorems from a `blueprint result' on certain $p$-adic integrals which generalises work of Denef and others on Igusa's local zeta function. The Malcev correspondence and a Kirillov-type theory developed by Howe are used to `linearise' the problems of counting subgroups and representations in $\T$-groups, respectively.

Functional equations for zeta functions of groups and rings

We introduce a new method to compute explicit formulae for various zeta functions associated to groups and rings. The specific form of these formulae enables us to deduce local functional equations. More precisely, we prove local functional equations for the subring zeta functions associated to rings, the subgroup, conjugacy and representation zeta functions of finitely generated, torsion-free nilpotent (or T -)groups, and the normal zeta functions of T -groups of class 2. In particular we solve the two problems posed in [9, Section 5]. We deduce our theorems from a ‘blueprint result’ on certain p-adic integrals which generalises work of Denef and others on Igusa’s local zeta function. The Malcev correspondence and a Kirillov-type theory developed by Howe are used to ‘linearise’ the problems of counting subgroups and representations in T -groups, respectively.

THE SU(2) ⊗ U(1) ELECTROWEAK MODEL BASED ON THE NONLINEARLY REALIZED GAUGE GROUP

The electroweak model is formulated on the nonlinearly realized gauge group SU (2) ⊗ U (1). This implies that in perturbation theory no Higgs field is present. This paper provides the effective action at the tree level, the Slavnov–Taylor identity (necessary for the proof of physical unitarity), the local functional equation (used for the control of the amplitudes involving the Goldstone bosons) and the subtraction procedure (nonstandard, since the theory is not power-counting renormalizable). Particular attention is devoted to the number of independent parameters relevant for the vector mesons; in fact, there is the possibility of introducing two mass parameters. With this choice the relation between the ratio of the intermediate vector meson masses and the Weinberg angle depends on an extra free parameter. We briefly outline a method for dealing with γ5 in dimensional regularization. The model is formulated in the Landau gauge for sake of simplicity and conciseness. The QED Ward identity has a simple and intriguing form.

One-loop self-energy and counterterms in a massive Yang-Mills theory based on the nonlinearly realized gauge group

In this paper we evaluate the self-energy of the vector mesons at one loop in our recently proposed subtraction scheme for massive nonlinearly realized SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. We check the fulfillment of physical unitarity. The resulting self-mass can be compared with the value obtained in the massive Yang-Mills theory based on the Higgs mechanism, consisting in extra terms due to the presence of the Higgs boson (tadpoles included). Moreover we evaluate all the one-loop counterterms necessary for the next order calculations. By construction they satisfy all the equations of the model (Slavnov-Taylor, local functional equation and Landau gauge equation). They are sufficient to make all the one-loop amplitudes finite through the hierarchy encoded in the local functional equation.