Local Form Research Articles

The Effect of Different Swell and Wind-Sea Proportions on the Transformation of Bimodal Spectral Waves over Slopes

In the laboratory experiment, 1:25 scaled models are constructed to investigate the effect of different swell and wind-sea proportions on the wave transformation. The source of the wave spectrum is related to the wave conditions in the Gulf of Guinea. Swell from the westerlies and local wind-sea forms the bimodal spectral waves in the region. To better understand the transformation of bimodal spectral waves, a series of wave conditions are measured by the wave gauges in a wave flume. Based on the wave spectrum at the Bight of Benin, the wave transformation along the slopes and variations of different swell proportions are analyzed. The result of the wave height variations shows that the slope and swell proportion play a significant role in the maximum wave height, and the wave height has an upward trend with a large swell proportion. The analysis of wave nonlinearity is conducted, showing that the large swell proportion in the wave spectrum leads to a more significant nonlinearity before wave breaking. Combining the variations of wave height and wave nonlinearity, the influence of bimodal spectral waves on nearshore wave prediction, shoreline change, marine operations, and structure design is discussed.

Diaphragm endometriosis: Random localization or extended form of pelvis endometriosis. A large comparative analysis of 202 cases

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate and present the clinical characteristics of diaphragm endometriosis, to approach the pathogenetic mechanisms, and to answer the question of whether this disease can be considered an extended form of pelvic endometriosis. Study designIt was a retrospective comparative one-to-one analysis of 202 cases. Two groups of patients were compared: Group 1 patients with diaphragm endometriosis vs Group 2 (control group) with pelvis endometriosis, each with 101 patients. ResultsPatients with diaphragm endometriosis had extreme significantly higher prevalence of severe pelvis endometriosis included deep infiltrated endometriosis and severe adhesions in term of complete Douglas obliteration (p value = 0.0001). There was neither age nor BMI difference in two groups. Besides of cyclic shoulder or upper abdomen pain there was no difference of symptoms. ConclusionDiaphragm endometriosis is a rare condition with an approximate prevalence of 1.1% of all endometriosis cases. Since the symptoms are very specific and patients do not associate the pain with diaphragmatic endometriosis, the symptoms should be asked about explicitly. If patients with diaphragmatic endometriosis have no symptoms, the lesions do not necessarily need to be removed. The pathogenesis is still unclear. The authors of this study consider this disease to be an extended form of severe pelvic and deep infiltrated endometriosis. However, the right-side dominance still cannot be explained. Further research is needed to fully understand the origin of diaphragmatic endometriosis.

Nonlocal anisotropic model for deformation and fracture using peridynamic operator method

This paper proposes a nonlocal anisotropic model for deformation and fracture based on peridynamic operator method. The classic anisotropic theory is reformulated from its local form into nonlocal form by using peridynamic operator method. The final solution formulation is developed by employing variational principles and Lagrange's equations. In the case of the circular interaction domain, this model can be regarded as a novel anisotropic ordinary state-based peridynamic model. Moreover, we present for the first time the energetic failure criterion for the weak anisotropic fracture. Unlike the existing anisotropic peridynamic models that consider only two fracture toughness constants for orthogonal orientation, the fracture toughness in this criterion is an orientation-dependent function. Additionally, we develop an implicit static solution procedure to investigate corresponding crack propagation problems. Several numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness and ability of the proposed model in handling the deformation and fracture behaviours of anisotropic materials.

Inheritance of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew in barley accessions from Ethiopia

Background. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the key food crops, ranking fourth in the world in terms of sown area and production among cereals. Often, one of the main factors that reduces yield and product quality is the spread of fungal pathogens in commercial crops. Powdery mildew (causative agent: Blumeria graminis (DC.) Golovin ex Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal) is considered one of the most common and harmful among barley diseases. Plant resistance to B. graminis limits the spread of the disease, and the development of resistant cultivars prevents a decrease in plant productivity. The specificity of the host–pathogen relationship and the loss of efficiency in many genes determine the need for a continuous study of previously unexplored local barley forms and a search for new, most effective resistance genes.Materials and methods. The genetic control of juvenile resistance to B. graminis was studied in 14 accessions of spring barley from the Ethiopian (Abyssinian) center of crop origin. The natural population of the pathogen served as infectious material for infecting barley. The intensity and nature of sporulation as well as the qualitative reactions of plant tissues in response to the penetration of the fungus (necrosis and chlorosis) were accepted as indicators of resistance in the accessions. Powdery mildew resistance was assessed under laboratory and field conditions. The genetic control of the resistance trait was studied using the method of hybridological analysis followed by statistical processing.Results and conclusions. Barleys from the Ethiopian center of morphogenesis are characterized by great genetic diversity. Studying the inheritance of juvenile resistance to powdery mildew made it possible to ascertain the monogenic control of the trait in all studied forms. Ten barley accessions with one effective recessive resistance allele and four with the dominant control of the trait may be recommended for immunity-targeted breeding.

Expert consensus on the use of systemic glucocorticoids for managing eosinophil-related diseases.

Eosinophil-related diseases represent a group of pathologic conditions with highly heterogeneous clinical presentation and symptoms ranging from mild to critical. Both systemic and localized forms of disease are typically treated with glucocorticoids. The approval of novel biologic therapies targeting the interleukin-5 pathway can help reduce the use of systemic glucocorticoids (SGC) in eosinophilic diseases and reduce the risk of SGC-related adverse effects (AEs). In this article, a panel of experts from different medical specialties reviewed current evidence on the use of SGC in two systemic eosinophilic diseases: Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with PolyAngiitis (EGPA) and HyperEosinophilic Syndrome (HES); and in two single-organ (respiratory) eosinophilic diseases: Chronic RhinoSinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) and Severe Asthma with Eosinophil Phenotype (SA-EP), and contrasted it with their experience in clinical practice. Using nominal group technique, they reached consensus on key aspects related to the dose and tapering of SGC as well as on the initiation of biologics as SGC-sparing agents. Early treatment with biologics could help prevent AEs associated with medium and long-term use of SGC.

(Post)Yugoslavian Music Press in Transition

The development of the Internet and digital technologies has influenced the ever- greater migrations of printed content to the digital sphere (blogs, online media, Internet portals, social networks), which has also brought with itself changes in readers’ habits and in the concept and format of texts as wells. Music press is no exception in that respect. In the context of South European states, these processes coincide with the period of political, social, cultural and economic transition, giving rise to the development of numerous regional and local specific forms of popular culture. The existence of the SFRY as a shared state enabled the creation of an authentic cultural space, which continued to develop even after its disintegration. This paper endeavors to shed light on one segment of that local authenticity through an analysis of music press. The aim the authors of this paper aspire to achieve is the presentation of the development path of the printed media in the first place inthe Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, then in Serbia, as well as the reconstructions of the modality of the transformation of this media in the transition period from an anthropological perspective. The wish is to identify the perception and significance of music as a local culturalphenomenon through the qualitative analysis of the archival material and the available Internet sources as well, then to trace the cultural changes that have been going on over time as a result of global and local social and cultural turmoil. We do not refer to press only as the medium which has an informative role, but rather as the medium that reflects the local community’s attitudes, simultaneously constructing narratives on popular culture that are incorporated in our everyday life.

Plasticity-mediated deformation instabilities in thin film-compliant substrate systems: direct three-dimensional simulations

AbstractSurface wrinkles driven by mechanical instability commonly form in thin-film structures attached to a compliant substrate. In this study, a recently developed computational approach is employed to simulate the formation and transformation of wrinkles involving plastic yielding of the thin film. The three-dimensional (3D) finite element models contain an embedded imperfection at the film-substrate interface, serving to trigger the bifurcation modes. Successful application of this technique to allow for film plasticity is demonstrated, including the evolution of 3D surface patterns and their correlation with the overall load–displacement response. The simulations reveal that plastic yielding transforms the surface instability patterns into more localized forms. Under uniaxial loading, the sinusoidal elastic wrinkles undergo the wrinkle-to-fold transition. With equi-biaxial loading, the initial square-checkerboard array turns into continuous tall ridges along the 45° directions. In both loading modes, the plasticity-induced instability patterns are only partially relieved upon unloading, leaving permanent features on the surface.

Social accessibility in queering code/space: Blued-based visibility and social practices of local gay people in mainland China.

As a locative media, Blued articulates physical and digital space in the form of localization, giving a mediated visibility to its users who are not visible in physical space, thus making the city a queering code/space. This can transform social accessibility and the ways that gays come together and interact in local spaces. Taking mainland China, dominated by heteronomativity, as a field, this paper focuses on the visibility negotiation and social accessibility practices in Blued-based queering code/space. Using the digital anthropology method, this study found that Blued-based visibility is essential for non-closeted gay men to gain a sense of local belonging and community inclusion. Offline accessibility is a crucial demand for Blued users, but until then they have negotiated visibility through selective disclosure of social cues. At the same time, Blued users face visibility asymmetries and risks in the pursuit of accessibility. This study then argues that in the Blued-based queering code/space, the gay men constantly reconcile accessibility with others by managing visibility in a heteronormative urban space. In addition, this paper highlights the value of the hybrid of new media and physical space for the public interaction of marginalized groups in the city.

Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants at different gestation ages.

Aim: To compare X-ray signs in different gestational and body weight groups of patients with NEC. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study, enrolling 52 preterm newborns with symptoms of NEC regardless of onset time, who underwent treatment at Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Municipal Non-commercial enterprise "City Children Hospital №2", Odesa. The patients were split into 3 clinical groups: very preterm newborns (VPN), moderately preterm newborns (MPN), and moderately preterm newborns with intrauterine growth restriction (MPN+IUGR). Results: In the VPN group NEC was diagnosed at stage II (58,82±12,30) % and III (41,18±12,30) % by Bell MJ, р>0,05. In the group MPN+IUGR, NEC stage II (33,33±14,21) % and stage III (66,66 ±14,21) %, р>0,05, were equally observed. In the MPN group, NEC was diagnosed at stage I (41,67±10,28) % and II (58,33±10,28) %, р>0,05, without prevalence of any. Also only localized forms were observed. In VPN, we observed localized forms in most cases, while diffuse forms were diagnosed in (11,76±8,05) % cases, р<0,05. In the MPN+IUGR group, we found diffuse form of the NEC in half of the cases - (50,00±15,08) %. In the VPN and MPN+IUGR groups, NEC developed at 13,23±0,39 and 14,33±1,19 days, respectively. However, in MPN without IUGR, NEC developed at 17,75±0,55 days, significantly later than in the MPN+IUGR group, р<0,05. Conclusions: We have described distinct features of NEC in MPN with IUGR. Compared to MPN without IUGR, NEC had more severe course and earlier manifestation in such neonates.

SOLITON SOLUTIONS FOR THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL LOCAL FRACTIONAL BOUSSINESQ EQUATION

In this work we study the two-dimensional local fractional Boussinesq equation. Based on the basic definitions and properties of the local fractional derivatives and bilinear form, we studied the soliton solutions of non-differentiable type with the generalized functions defined on Cantor sets by using bilinear method. Meanwhile, we discuss the result when fractal dimension is 1, and compare it with the result when fractal dimension is [Formula: see text].

A theoretical study on the activity and selectivity of IDO/TDO inhibitors.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO) is a tryptophan (Trp) metabolic enzyme along the kynurenine (NFK) pathway. Under pathological conditions, IDO overexpressed by tumor cells causes depletion of tryptophan and the accumulation of metabolic products, which inhibit the local immune response and form immune escape. Therefore, the suppression of IDO activity is one of the strategies for tumor immunotherapy, and drug design for this target has been the focus of research for more than two decades. Apart from IDO, tryptophan dioxygenase (TDO) of the same family can also catalyze the same biochemical reaction in the human body, but it has different tissue distribution and substrate selectivity from IDO. Based on the principle of drug design with high potency and low cross-reactivity to specific targets, in this subject, the activity and selectivity of IDO and TDO toward small molecular inhibitors were studied from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics. The aim was to elucidate the structural requirements for achieving favorable biological activity and selectivity of IDO and TDO inhibitors. Specifically, the interactions of inhibitors from eight families with IDO and TDO were initially investigated through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, and the thermodynamic data for binding of inhibitors were predicted by the molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) method. Secondly, we explored the free energy landscape of JKloops, the kinetic control element of IDO/TDO, using temperature replica exchange molecular dynamics (T-REMD) simulations and elucidated the connection between the rules of IDO/TDO conformational changes and the inhibitor selectivity mechanism. Furthermore, the binding and dissociation processes of the C1 inhibitor (NLG919) were simulated by the adaptive steering molecular dynamics (ASMD) method, which not only addressed the possible stable, metastable, and transition states for C1 inhibitor-IDO/TDO interactions, but also accurately predicted kinetic data for C1 inhibitor binding and dissociation. In conclusion, we have constructed a complete process from enzyme (IDO/TDO) conformational activation to inhibitor binding/dissociation and used the thermodynamic and kinetic data of each link as clues to verify the control mechanism of IDO/TDO on inhibitor selectivity. This is of great significance for us to understand the design principles of tumor immunotherapy drugs and to avoid drug resistance of immunotherapy drugs.

Large-scale determinants of street tree growth rates across an urban environment.

Urban street trees offer cities critical environmental and social benefits. In New York City (NYC), a decadal census of every street tree is conducted to help understand and manage the urban forest. However, it has previously been impossible to analyze growth of an individual tree because of uncertainty in tree location. This study overcomes this limitation using a three-step alignment process for identifying individual trees with ZIP Codes, address, and species instead of map coordinates. We estimated individual growth rates for 126,362 street trees (59 species and 19% of 2015 trees) using the difference between diameter at breast height (DBH) from the 2005 and 2015 tree censuses. The tree identification method was verified by locating and measuring the DBH of select trees and measuring a set of trees annually for over 5 years. We examined determinants of tree growth rates and explored their spatial distribution. In our newly created NYC tree growth database, fourteen species have over 1000 unique trees. The three most abundant tree species vary in growth rates; London Planetree (n = 32,056, 0.163 in/yr) grew the slowest compared to Honeylocust (n = 15,967, 0.356 in/yr), and Callery Pear (n = 15,902, 0.334 in/yr). Overall, Silver Linden was the fastest growing species (n = 1,149, 0.510 in/yr). Ordinary least squares regression that incorporated biological factors including size and the local urban form indicated that species was the major factor controlling growth rates, and tree stewardship had only a small effect. Furthermore, tree measurements by volunteer community scientists were as accurate as those made by NYC staff. Examining city wide patterns of tree growth indicates that areas with a higher Social Vulnerability Index have higher than expected growth rates. Continued efforts in street tree planting should utilize known growth rates while incorporating community voices to better provide long-term ecosystem services across NYC.

Dendritic Cell Neurofibroma with Pseudorosette: An Uncharted Entity at Unusual Sites: Two Case Reports with Literature Review

Dendritic cell neurofibroma with pseudorosette (DCNP) is a novel entity of neurofibroma with sparse literature. Neurofibroma is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor having many known histological variants including localized, diffuse, plexiform, solitary, cellular, and atypical forms, all of which lead an indolent course. Like other forms of neurofibroma, DCNP usually is located in the dermis or deeper soft tissue or within the nerve trunk. It reveals a characteristic histomorphology of distinct multiple nodules comprising two types of cells: the outer lymphocyte like dark Type I cells (Schwann cell-like) forming pseudorosettes surrounding the inner scattered lighter and larger Type II cells (ganglion/dendritic cell-like). Although histogenesis of these two type of cells is debatable, immunopositivity for S100 suggests the neuronal origin and the fibrous pseudocapsule covering tumor nodules being immunopositive to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) suggests perineurium. Here, we report two such cases of DCNP at two different yet unusual sites of cervical and perianal regions. Neither patient nor their family members had any features of neurofibromatosis(NF 1). Both the cases were adults, presented with firm nontender subcutaneous nodules of long duration causing pressure symptoms. Those were resected and evaluated for microscopy. Histomorphology aided by immunohistochemistry positivity for S100 and EMA confirmed DCNP. Follow up study after half an year of surgery was uneventful and Patients were found to be relieved of all symptoms. We present this unusual new variant that poses challenge for it’s close histological mimickers like cellular/epithelioid schwannoma and plexiform neuroma and yet want to emphasize the innocuous behavior of tumor that can be cured by surgical resection.

К вопросу о пространственных отношениях в финском языке

The study presents a thorough review, conducted from a linguocultural perspective, of the primary principles used in expressing spatial relations in Finnish through linguistic categories and means. It covers the genesis and changes of cases in the Finnish language, paying special attention to those that conveyed spatial meaning at a particular stage of the language development. The issue is particularly interesting as there is an ongoing debate about the application of certain cases owing to the significant influence of dialects in Finnish, which is characterized by an egocentric spatial orientation. The study aimed to explore the instances of diverging spatial representations regarding the direction of actions in different linguocultures, with Finnish and Russian linguocultures taken as examples. The research applied a quantitative analysis approach to examine competing forms, with a corpus of YLE newspaper texts from 2011 to 2020 as the research material. The study analyzed instances of differing depictions through verb-noun pairs and verbs related to sensual and tangible perception (vaikutelmaverbit). Additionally, we investigated the variations in verb usage of the latter and the verb ‘käydä’ (‘to go, to visit’), which is generally presented as ‘static’, but expresses its dynamic qualities in different collocations. The analysis indicates that the system of spatial relations in Finnish is characterized by linguocultural specificity and is expressed grammatically through local and non-local case forms, prepositions, postpositions, and verb-noun syntactic structures. Furthermore, one and the same name in the internal and external case forms may convey not only distinct grammatical but also different lexical meanings. The use of local cases with certain verbs can lend expressions and verbs a figurative meaning that is only loosely connected to position in space.

Recent advances in injectable hydrogel therapies for periodontitis.

Periodontitis is an immune-inflammatory disease caused by dental plaque, and deteriorates the periodontal ligament, causes alveolar bone loss, and may lead to tooth loss. To treat periodontitis, antibacterial and anti-inflammation approaches are required to reduce bone loss. Thus, appropriate drug administration methods are significant. Due to their "syringeability", biocompatibility, and convenience, injectable hydrogels and associated methods have been extensively studied and used for periodontitis therapy. Such hydrogels are made from natural and synthetic polymer materials using physical and/or chemical cross-linking approaches. Interestingly, some injectable hydrogels are stimuli-responsive hydrogels, which respond to the local microenvironment and form hydrogels that release drugs. Therefore, as injectable hydrogels are different and highly varied, we systematically reviewed the periodontal treatment field from three perspectives: raw material sources, cross-linking methods, and stimuli-responsive methods. We then discussed current challenges and opportunities for the translation of hydrogels to clinic, which may guide further injectable hydrogel designs for periodontitis.

GeoExplainer: A Visual Analytics Framework for Spatial Modeling Contextualization and Report Generation.

Geographic regression models of various descriptions are often applied to identify patterns and anomalies in the determinants of spatially distributed observations. These types of analyses focus on answering why questions about underlying spatial phenomena, e.g., why is crime higher in this locale, why do children in one school district outperform those in another, etc.? Answers to these questions require explanations of the model structure, the choice of parameters, and contextualization of the findings with respect to their geographic context. This is particularly true for local forms of regression models which are focused on the role of locational context in determining human behavior. In this paper, we present GeoExplainer, a visual analytics framework designed to support analysts in creating explanative documentation that summarizes and contextualizes their spatial analyses. As analysts create their spatial models, our framework flags potential issues with model parameter selections, utilizes template-based text generation to summarize model outputs, and links with external knowledge repositories to provide annotations that help to explain the model results. As analysts explore the model results, all visualizations and annotations can be captured in an interactive report generation widget. We demonstrate our framework using a case study modeling the determinants of voting in the 2016 US Presidential Election.

“Our Dark Hands and Sore Backs”: The Comité Cívico Popular Mixteco and the New Grassroots Activism by Indigenous Mexican Migrants

Abstract In the 1980s, Indigenous people from southern Mexico migrated in considerable numbers to the United States. Among the most prominent groups were the Mixteco people from Oaxaca, who worked mainly as farmworkers on labor-intensive crops in San Diego and throughout California. Because they were incorporated at the bottom of a racialized labor hierarchy distinct from previous Mexican cohorts and in a period of increased border violence and anti-immigrant sentiments, these new migrants formed the Comité Cívico Popular Mixteco (CCPM). Building from their experiences in Mexico and the migrant circuit, the CCPM's goals were to address their needs as workers and claim their dignity as Indigenous people. Mixtecos organized demonstrations, press conferences, and solidarity, resembling the tactics of Chicano/a, Latino/a, and farmworker struggles. Although their activities appeared similar to historical efforts in California, this article argues that the CCPM drew from their experiences participating in their pueblos’ (community of origin) local form of communal governance. The pueblo provided the basis for their activism as they also produced new forms of social membership. The work of the CCPM at this moment demonstrates how a growing Indigenous political culture from southern Mexico in California was reconsidering ways to enact leadership, community, and activism across borders.

Клінічний випадок захворювання, підозрілого на хворобу Лайма, з незвичайними результатами серологічного обстеження

The article p examination: positive results of IgM and IgG antibodies to B. burgdorferi, obtained by the method of blot analysis (WB), and negative results of examination by the method of enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), which resents a case of a disease suspected of Lyme disease with unusual results of serological were made later in two other laboratories. The advantages of the two-stage diagnosis of Lyme disease with the sequential use of ELISA and WB and the possible consequences of the diagnosis of the disease using only one laboratory technique are considered. Attention is drawn to differences in the interpretation of WB results according to the criteria of the Center for Disease Control (CDC, USA) and manufacturers of alternative test systems. Factors that can contribute to false-positive examination results are considered: depending on the patient (the presence of concomitant rheumatic, infectious diseases) and on the erroneous interpretation of the results of laboratory tests (considering weakly positive bands as a positive result, the presence of several bands within one, neglecting a slight shift of the band in relation to its location in control, etc.). Attention is also drawn to the impacton the results of the study of the presence of «anamnestic» antibodies in a certain percentage of people living inareas endemic for Lyme disease. Based on the above theoretical propositions, a thorough analysis was carried out regarding the compliance of the clinical manifestations of the case of the disease considered in the article with the criteria of the early localized form of Lyme disease. On the basis of the criteria found in scientific publications, a clinical and epidemiological comparison of the patient’s data with the results of laboratory examination was carried out regarding their reliability. A conclusion is made regarding the need to rely on clinical data when diagnosing Lyme disease, and to consider laboratory examination results as additional confirmation of the diagnosis. It is emphasized that the high specificity (98%) of the laboratory examination is ensured only due to the two-stage research method with the sequential use of ELISA and WB. In case of questionable WB results, clinical and epidemiological data should be compared with the results of laboratory examination for their reliability. Keywords: Borrelia burgdorferi, diagnosis, IgM IgG immunoblot, Lyme disease, serology

Cladistic species definitions can lead to under-representation of biodiversity from adaptive radiations

Abstract Many species are paraphyletic, but current taxonomic practices often do not recognize this, and attempts are made to apply a monophyletic species concept. While allowing the recognition of ecomorphologically equivalent, or even phenotypically indistinguishable allopatric, taxa as species, this often leads to combining distinctive local forms (such as cave-adapted populations) or even whole adaptive radiations (often in lakes) with widespread paraphyletic species to force species monophyly. It is suggested that this has negative consequences for our documentation and understanding of biodiversity, as well as for conservation, through issues such as lack of IUCN red-listing.

Using Fuzzy Mathematical Model in the Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Lesions Using Ultrasonography and Echographic Texture Analysis.

Malignant tumors of the pancreas are the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This is mainly because they are often diagnosed at a late stage. One of the challenges in diagnosing focal lesions in the pancreas is the difficulty in distinguishing them from other conditions due to the unique location and anatomy of the organ, as well as the similarity in their ultrasound characteristics. One of the most sensitive imaging modalities of the pancreas is endoscopic ultrasonography. However, clinicians recognize that EUS is a difficult and highly operator-dependent method, while its results are highly dependent on the experience of the investigator. Hybrid technologies based on artificial intelligence methods can improve the accuracy and objectify the results of endosonographic diagnostics. Endoscopic ultrasonography was performed on 272 patients with focal lesions of the pancreatobiliary zone, who had been treated in the surgical section of the Kursk Regional Clinical Hospital in 2014-2023. The study utilized an Olympus EVIS EXERA II video information endoscopic system, along with an EU-ME1 ultrasound unit equipped with GF UM160 and GF UC140P-AL5 echo endoscopes. Out of the focal formations in the pancreatobiliary zone, pancreatic cancer was detected in 109 patients, accounting for 40.1% of the cases. Additionally, 40 patients (14.7%) were diagnosed with local forms of chronic pancreatitis. The reference sonograms displayed distinguishable focal pancreatic pathologies, leading to the development of hybrid fuzzy mathematical decision-making rules at the South-West State University in Kursk, Russian Federation. This research resulted in the creation of a fuzzy hybrid model for the differential diagnosis of chronic focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Endoscopic ultrasonography, combined with hybrid fuzzy logic methodology, has made it possible to create a model for differentiating between chronic focal pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Statistical testing on control samples has shown that the diagnostic model, based on reference endosonograms of the echographic texture of pancreatic focal pathology, has a confidence level of 0.6 for the desired diagnosis. By incorporating additional information about the contours of focal formations obtained through endosonography, the reliability of the diagnosis can be increased to 0.9. This level of reliability is considered acceptable in clinical practice and allows for the use of the developed model, even with data that is not well-structured.