Local Employment Generation Research Articles

A comprehensive study on an integrated approach for water hyacinth management to conserve natural water resources in India

The rapid growth of the free-floating invasive weed Water Hyacinth (WH) has caused an environmental and social menace in most water bodies. Its large mat formation not only affects the underlying aquatic species by blocking sunlight and depleting oxygen, but it also interferes with commercial activities such as fishing and transportation. Public health is also affected as it provides shelter for disease-causing mosquitoes. Additionally, it is a bio-indicator of water bodies polluted with heavy metals. Removing and managing this weed is crucial for conserving natural water resources. Various manual, mechanical, chemical, and biological methods have been tried and tested to eradicate this plant. However, each method has its limitations, and the reoccurrence of this weed in a short time calls for an innovative approach to finding sustainable solutions. Recent studies focus on utilizing this weed for commercial purposes rather than eradicating it. The high cellulose and hemicellulose content in the plant make it an excellent source for renewable fuel production. It also finds application in industries that prepare animal food, compost, and bio-fertilizers due to the high nutrient content. Many states in India are utilizing the WH plant to produce eco-friendly and creative products, thus helping in local employment generation. This study's research contribution is evaluating the advantages and drawbacks of weed removal methods, the potential of WH plants in phytoremediation and biofuel production, case studies of successful alternate uses of WH plants, and possible action plans for economically and ecologically sustainable plant management to conserve water resources in India. The specific outcome of the study is that water hyacinth management is not the responsibility of a single body or entity, but rather the responsibility of different stakeholders and their combined efforts to combat this issue at a national level.

Disturbance of Mangrove Forest Due To Climate Change: The Prospects of Sundarban

Mangrove forest has a significant importance in protecting natural disaster, environmental sustainability and in local economy. In Bangladesh, only mangrove forest Sundarban also servicing for environmental sustainability, protecting tropical cyclone, local employment generation and so on. Thus, its natural properties are being hampered through people involvement and natural calamities. Moreover, Rapid population growth and climate change stimulating these disturbances of natural properties of Sundarbans. This paper aim at how climate change is disturbing mangrove forest in Bangladesh and how this disturbance may be threatful for future environmental sustainability. Interrelation between climate change and disturbance of Sundarbans has been established through various exiting literature review and for quantifying the amount of disturbance remote sensing data has been applied and future threat of environmental sustainability has been assessed by comparing regeneration capacity of Sundarban after a tropical cyclone and amount of disturbance by a tropical cyclone. Result found that climate change increasing the frequency of natural calamities and affecting significantly on mangrove forest due to its complex bio-diversity and strategic location before regeneration of disturbance. On the other hand, threat of mangroves as well as environment is associated with temperature rising, ice melting and sea level rising are increasing because of frequent occurrence, magnitude as comparing with regeneration capacity.

Evidence of Economically Sustainable Village-Scale Microenterprises for Arsenic Remediation in Developing Countries

Although unknown 25 years ago, natural arsenic contamination of groundwater affects over 50 countries and up to 200 million people. The economic viability was analyzed and modeled of eighty-eight community-based arsenic mitigation systems existing for up to 20 years in India and Bangladesh. The performances of three community-based arsenic mitigation systems that are ethnically different and separated across two different countries were monitored closely for 24 months of self-sustainable, long-term operation at WHO standards through local, paid caretakers. Based on data from the use of hybrid ion exchange materials (HIX-Nano) and the broad set of field operations, Monte Carlo simulations were used to explore the conditions required for self-sustainable operation and job creation in low-income communities (<$2/day/capita). The results from field data and cost modeling provided clear evidence of economic growth and job creation for systems managed by villagers' committee through collection of monthly tariffs. Ethnicity and religion did not have perceptible impacts on day-to-day operations or cumulative long-term revenue. The cost of the treatment technology (i.e., HIX-Nano) had minimal impact on the operational profitability, while number of customers and water delivery significantly affected profitability. Local employment generation with income significantly higher than poverty level was the most enduring outcome and led to enhanced sustainability.

Regeneration promotion and income generation through scientific forest management in community forestry: a case study from Rupandehi district, Nepal

Community forestry is the most popular programme of forestry sector in Nepal. Previously community forest management was protection oriented and nowadays it has become production oriented due to implementation of scientific forest management plan. Recent forest policy promotes the application of scientific management of all productive forests and now it becomes a novel programme in forestry sector. This study highlights the outputs of the first year of implementation of scientific forest management plan in seven community forests (CF) of Rupandehi district, Nepal. Both bio-physical and socio-economic data were collected and analyzed. Regeneration survey was carried out before and after one year of regeneration felling. Similarly data related to income generation and employment opportunities were collected and analyzed. The results showed that 6.4 times increase in seedlings and 3.4 times increase in saplings after one year of regeneration felling operation. Similarly, the average production of timber and fuel wood was 1,086 cft and 4.5 chatta per ha. during regeneration felling in studied CFs. Average income from the intensive managed area of CF was found to be NRs. 884,059.8 and local employment generation of 910 man-days per ha. This indicates scientific forest management is one of the best options for improving forest condition through promoting regeneration of the forest for future generation and generating income and employment opportunities for the users. Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for Nepal Special Issue No. 4, 2018, Page : 45-53

LDC Export Diversification, Employment Generation and the 'Green Economy': What Roles for Tourism Linkages?

'Pro-poor' tourism is arguably one of the best green options for addressing LDC poverty, employment and economic diversification initiatives. Although often neglected as a serious policy option - and consequently most of its potential still remains untapped - tourism is the leading export for at least 11 LDCs, and the 2nd or 3rd largest export for another 11 or more. It is also a major source of new employment, especially for women, youth and the rural poor in general. While difficult to measure accurately, tourism's pro-poor impacts are directly related to the achieved level of inter- and intra-sectoral linkages.Taking export diversification, employment generation and the 'green economy' in turn, the working paper analyzes feasible LDC alternatives, reaching the conclusion (within the limits of data availability) that - in contrast with the current overemphasis on agriculture and manufacturing - green tourism is demonstrably one of the areas of greatest current comparative advantage and development potential for the majority of LDCs, via its extensive upstream and downstream linkages/multiplier effects, employment-generating and poverty alleviation capacities, opportunities for export test marketing of new products, sustainability, and largely untapped export opportunities. An economy wide, primarily private-sector approach is an essential element for maximizing tourism benefits - including its multiple linkages with agriculture and manufacturing - together with a significant coordinating governmental role to minimize negative externalities. Unfortunately, there is no automatic guarantee that expanding tourism will significantly increase poverty alleviation or local employment generation: the necessary mechanisms must be explicitly included in tourism planning and implementation.

Community Constraints and Outreach of Some Flagship Programs: A Case Study from Uttarakhand Hills

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between constraints in rural unemployment status, educational statistics and vocational job limits for local development through a case study of a geographically isolated and economically poor rural area of Uttarakhand Himalayas. Most of the hill village community in India, including Uttarakhand, have very poor options of quality and sustainable school education and employment generation. Also, these areas are plagued with limited sources of livelihood options in the local places. The present study assesses community outcomes across three dimensions: Educational and Health improvement, and Common employment generation. It was observed that under modernized perspectives, this effort has significant positive effects on the first two dimensions, but economic impact has been far less pronounced, raising questions about fast out migration and planning polices of the State and Central Government. Vocational job promotion and public-private partnership in local employment generation can act as a new catalyst for rural economic revitalization.

Socio-Economic Empowerment of Tribal Women through Sericulture a Study of Lailunga Block of Raigarh District, Chhattisgarh, India

Problem statement: To provide better prospects to the respondent tribes. context of the work was based on questionnaire. To improves economic self dependence. Approach: The questionnaire based progress did by authors to solve the problem. Identification of area, selection of individual / population, collecting primary data by the method of questionnaire, secondary data collection by different source such as magazine, reports, publication etc. evaluation on the socioeconomic empowerment of tribal women through sericulture. Results: Socioeconomic upliftment done through the research, income level get doubled. We found positive correlation towards the economic upliftment. Change the life style of tribes due to economic growth and development. Without effecting, the traditional occupation, upliftment occurs in the field of sericulture. Conclusion: Due to local employment generation, inter state migration is checked thus resulted additional income generated. Moreover they had regular saving habit. It is noteworthy that due to above facts no environmental hazards develop by the tribes. After adopting the sericulture, they need not go to money lenders or any middle man thus resulted their self-respect elevated and they recognized socially. They also released from the debt ness.

Biofuels and Sustainable Energy Development in Brazil

Summary Through the assessment of three decades of the Alcohol Program in Brazil, the paper shows that adequate public policies regarding biomass production can deliver direct benefits like energy security improvement, foreign exchange savings, and local employment generation, reduced urban air pollution and avoided CO2 emissions. Moreover, the paper shows that Brazilian produced ethanol has faced economies of scale, technical progress and productivity gains and is no longer dependent on subsidies to be competitive. The paper also examines the potential in Brazil for fostering other biofuels, namely biodiesel obtained from vegetable oils, as well as their implications on sustainable energy development.

Regional Union Response to Regional Restructuring: A Case Study of Union Agency

The article examines how a regional peak union council is structured in its response to regional restructuring. It focuses on an Australian regional peak union council, the South Coast Labour Council (SCLC), which pursued a goal of local employment generation from 1983 to 1996. The SCLC is based in the Illawarra region on the east coast, south of Sydney in the state of New South Wales. Its operations are centred on the city of Wollongong and Port Kembla, where the region’s economic activity is focused. The region had experienced unemployment greater than the state and national averages through the 1980s and 1990s. The article demonstrates how the SCLC’s structure allows it to perform its role as an agent of exchange with governments and employers, and thereby attempts to shape the political and industrial environment in which it resides. At the same time, the environment, in terms of government and employer policy and regional need, shapes the SCLC with it becoming involved with local employment generation.

Regional Labour Councils, Local Employment Generation and Labour-Community Coalitions

Regional labour councils have been involved in building labour-community coalitions. The case study of the South Coast Labour Council demonstrates that a regional labour council can engage in a broader make-up of lobbying partners than is generally recognised in the literature, which includes labour-community coalitions that are not geographically, politically or socially close. The South Coast Labour Council did not focus on employer opposition, as is usually the case with building labour-community coalitions, but rather, it focused on lobbying farmers to increase pressure on government officials for the siting of a grain terminal in Port Kembla, near Wollongong in the Illawarra region of NSW. It pursued broader aims of labour-community coalitions to include local employment generation.

The Partnership Approach to Local Employment Generation: Selected Urban Initiatives in New Zealand

Local initiatives for employment creation are vital to the mitigation of high unemployment levels of Maori and Pacific Group people in New Zealand. In order that local communities be empowered to determine their own outcomes, however; government, both local and central, private business and community partnerships working to common agendas, are increasingly being seen as a step in the right direction. This paper examines the extent to which the partnership approach to employment creation operates in some labour market disadvantaged urban communities. It details some of the current projects in operation and comments on their progress. It asks if there are common elements which assist the success of such initiatives.

Labour Market Experiences following Plant Closure: The Case of Sunderland's Shipyard Workers

HINDE K. (1994) Labour market experiences following plant closure: the case of Sunderland's shipyard workers, Reg. Studies 28, 713–724. This paper uses a comprehensive database, surveys and interviews to examine the labour market experiences of shipyard workers following the closure of British Shipbuilders (BS) yards in Sunderland from late 1988. Sunderland Enterprise and Training Limited, a subsidiary of BS, had the specific remit of helping to redeploy these workers. However, structural and spatial changes in the pattern of manufacturing made the acquisition of alternative employment difficult. Spatial search therefore increased, encouraged by re-training. However, over time, distance became a barrier to employment stability in these new work locations. This paper therefore raises issues for policymakers concerning those factors associated with travel-to-work distances including the migration option and the paucity of local employment generation. A particular feature of this paper is the use of ex post ...

Who wins from innovation?

In this discussion paper the pcstion, ‘who wins from innovation?’, is interpreted i n terms of nations or regions rather than in terms of firms . In each case the body which spends money on RD .second, local employment generation; third, contexted technology; fourth, valorization of diversity; and fifth, regional innovation networks.