Local Employment Research Articles

Assessing Energy Policies, Legislation and Socio-Economic Impacts in the Quest for Sustainable Development

The energy sector in Africa, particularly in countries like Uganda, plays a pivotal role in shaping economic development, social progress, and environmental sustainability. This study delves into the nuanced interplay between energy policies, legislation, and their real-world consequences in Uganda. By employing a case study approach, this research investigates the multifaceted impact of Uganda's energy policies and legislation on various stakeholders, including government institutions, businesses, and local communities. This study provides an overview of Uganda's energy landscape, highlighting the challenges faced by the nation in ensuring a stable and sustainable energy supply. It then meticulously examines the evolution of energy policies and legislation over the past few decades, analysing their formulation, implementation, and effectiveness. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, this research assesses the socio-economic consequences of these policies and legislations. It explores how regulatory decisions have influenced energy accessibility, affordability, and reliability for urban and rural populations. Additionally, the environmental impact of energy policies is scrutinized, focusing on their contributions to climate change mitigation, natural resource conservation, and the promotion of sustainable practices. The study also evaluates the social repercussions, including the empowerment of local communities, employment generation, and overall improvements in the quality of life resulting from energy policy interventions. This research critically examines the challenges faced during policy implementation, such as bureaucratic hurdles, financial constraints, and political influences, which often hinder the desired outcomes. It identifies key lessons from Uganda's experiences, offering valuable insights for other African nations grappling with similar energy challenges.

Towards a better living environment-compressive strength and water absorption testing of mini compressed stabilized earth blocks and fired bricks

The escalating demand for eco-friendly and energy-efficient building materials underscores a pivotal shift towards sustainable development catalyzed by heightened public consciousness. Leveraging community production optimizes local resources and curtails transportation overheads, fostering broader access to superior housing solutions. Emphasizing less-intensive construction techniques enhances material strength, insulation, and thermal attributes while significantly shrinking carbon footprints and waste generation. Particularly vital during crises, these methods invigorate local employment and champion environmental conservation. This study juxtaposes the performance metrics of Mini Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (MCSEB) and fire-burned clay bricks, focusing primarily on their compressive strength. The conventional production of fire-burned clay bricks poses notable challenges, especially regarding energy consumption and pollution. Their manufacturing, anchored in coal utilization, directly exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions. Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEBs) emerge as a promising alternative in this context. Crafted by pressure on soil, their production eschews the need for coal or other combustibles, resulting in a significantly reduced carbon and energy footprint. When benchmarked against traditional fire-burned bricks, CSEBs, if demonstrating analogous compressive strengths, emerge as a viable replacement. A pivotal element in assessing compressive strength lies in factoring in the specimen’s dimensions, with platen restraint effects as a crucial metric. This research harnesses the platen test to comprehensively compare the compressive strengths of Fire Burnt Clay Bricks and Mini Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks. This correlation suggests that Mini Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks, when adjusted for size, can be deemed comparable in strength to Fire fire-burnt clay Bricks, making them a promising sustainable alternative in construction.

Contribution of capital goods production to social impacts: A life cycle perspective for a circular desalination plant

The production of capital goods is often ignored in the life cycle inventory phase of life cycle assessment studies. In this study, we investigated whether capital goods production, i.e., manufacturing of capital equipment and construction of infrastructure, and operation affect the results of the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA), using a case study of a desalination plant with multiple co-products in Lampedusa, Italy. The assessment was conducted using the PSILCA database to evaluate 20 impact subcategories and four stakeholder categories: Workers, Value chain actors, Society and Local community. Monetary data were collected for the manufacturing of equipment, labor and miscellaneous work during plant construction, working hours of employees during operation, consumed electricity and chemicals, and recovered materials during operation. Furthermore, multi-functionality was addressed through substitution, system expansion, and economic allocation to examine how these approaches affected the results. The functional unit was 1 m3 industrial water. Equipment manufacturing and plant construction contributed up to 15% to stakeholder categories and between 2% and 75% to impact subcategories of the substitution approach, and up to 51% for impact subcategories of system expansion and economic allocation. Equipment manufacturing and plant construction contributed to a high extent to “Health and safety” (of Workers), “Discrimination” and “Local employment” due to the construction and electrical sectors. Credits in substitution lead to a lower contribution of the operational stage and negative societal impact values. If S-LCA practitioners must limit the considered impact subcategories, for generic or site-specific analysis, the “Health and safety” (Workers), “Local employment”, and “Fair salary” should be investigated.

FEATURES OF DISMISSAL OF REMOTE WORKER UNDER CH. 1 ART. 312.8 OF THE LABOR CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The development of scientific and technological progress leads to an increase in the percentage ofremote labor relations. In turn, the legal norms governing this type of atypical forms of employment arestill under formation. In particular, there are special grounds for terminating an employment contract atthe initiative of an employer with a remote employee. The issue of termination of the employment contractdue to circumstances related to the guilty acts of the employee has always received a sufficient amountof attention from both the legislator and scientists due to the fact that the employee of such a situation isin a very vulnerable position. At the same time, there are more grounds for terminating an employmentcontract with a remote employee than with an employee working in the office at the employer's location. Consequently, this issue requires more detailed legal regulation in order to prevent the inequality of therights of remote and traditional employees. In the article, the author analyzes some problems arising fromthe dismissal of a remote worker under Part 1 of Art. 312.8 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, lawenforcement practice, and also suggests ways to improve labor legislation in this area.

Impact of Revenue Administration on Revenue Performance in Nigerian Local Governments

This study examines the integrated impact of the revenue administration system on revenue performance in Nigerian local governments. The revenue administration system comprises tax compliance, taxpayer registration, and audit effectiveness, which collectively influence revenue performance. Using a quantitative approach, data was collected through questionnaire administration among selected local government employees in Nigeria's Kwara Central Senatorial District. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized for data analysis to assess the relationships between the revenue administration system components and revenue performance. The findings reveal that tax compliance, taxpayer registration, and audit effectiveness significantly impact revenue performance in Nigerian local governments. Higher levels of tax compliance and an inclusive taxpayer base led to increased revenue collection, enabling local governments to finance public services and development initiatives. Moreover, effective tax audits deter potential tax evaders, promoting voluntary compliance and contributing to enhanced revenue generation. This study's approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing revenue performance at the local government level. The findings have practical implications for policymakers and revenue authorities, suggesting strategies to strengthen the revenue administration system for improved revenue outcomes and socio-economic development in Nigerian local governments.

The persistent urbanising effect of refugee camps: evidence from Tanzania, 1985–2015

ABSTRACT With the rise of forced displacement, attention has turned to the economic impact of refugees. However, few studies investigate long-term impacts. We use data for Tanzania for the period 1985–2015 to examine the effect of camps on urbanisation and local development, exploiting a unique satellite-derived dataset of high spatial resolution and temporal frequency. We show a modest but significant effect of refugee camps on built-up area up to a 100 km distance. We then match camp locations to regional gross domestic product, local consumption spending and employment patterns. Output in areas with camps grew at a faster rate during camp operation, but closure of camps was associated with change in economic activity. Activity induced by camps is largely in non-tradeable goods and services rather than inducing longer run structural transformation.

A COMMUNITY-DRIVEN INITIATIVE TO ENGAGE EMPLOYERS AS ADVOCATES TO SUPPORT WORKING CAREGIVERS

Abstract Approximately 62% of family caregivers to older adults living with a chronic illness or disability are employed. Nearly 6 in 10 caregivers report that caregiving has affected their employment in the last year, such as by requiring them to turn down a promotion, reduce work hours, or leave the workforce. Loss of employment income affects caregivers’ immediate and long-term financial well-being. To help family caregivers balance employment and caregiving and promote their long-term financial security, in 2021, the Successfully Living and Aging in San Antonio Caregiver/Socialization Workgroup developed a 5-part discussion series to encourage local employers to consider how to better support employees who are caregivers. The series was attended by 75 individuals representing 34 organizations. During initial discussions, attendees identified the importance of institutional culture in affecting workplace policies around caregiving. To help promote supportive workplace cultures, in the third discussion session, participants used a modified nominal group technique to co-develop a 10-point pledge that employers can use support employees who are caregivers. In this presentation, the authors will describe the development of the pledge. Further, we contextualize this initiative in terms of the Shilton Model of Policy Advocacy. By integrating employers into discussions about supporting employees who are caregivers, this local initiative provides an example of how communities can incorporate employers as stakeholder advocates to support policies to help family caregivers remain in the workplace. This work is particularly valuable to advance policy recommendations to promote caregiver financial well-being within the 2022 National Strategy to Support Family Caregivers.

Improvement of the Efficiency of Urban Management within the Concepts of Smart City and Sustainable Development (As Exemplified by Cities in Kazakhstan)

The idea of urban development corresponds to the concept of a smart city and is based on resource savings or more favorable benefit-cost ratios in the long term using a systematic approach to solving a specific problem. In addition, it is necessary to address such challenges in the interests of all city residents with due regard to the possibilities and level of management efficiency. The study aims to identify opportunities for improving the efficiency of managing an urban resource potential within the concept of a smart city. The article considers various approaches to the concept of smart city. In particular, it presents the 4T concept of urban resources based on the relationship between the development of a smart city and its resource potential. Based on the analysis of five large cities in the Republic of Kazakhstan, reporting and strategic documents of local government authorities, a survey of their residents, and targeted interviews with local government employees, the authors of the article have studied their perception of innovations, expectations from their implementation, and manifestations of smart management in these local government bodies. This allowed the authors to evaluate the results obtained within the concept of a smart city and the 4T resource potential.

Pemanfaatan Lokal Wisdom dalam Membangun Desa Tematik dan Meningkatkan UMKM

This community service activity explores the synergy between the concept of "Village Tematik," the enhancement of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (UMKM), and the utilization of Local Wisdom. Village Tematik represents a village development approach that emphasizes the unique identity and strengths of a region. In this context, Local Wisdom serves as a valuable asset that can create attraction and added value for local UMKM products and services. Through this activity, we try to empower the community empowerment in uncovering and harnessing Local Wisdom can yield innovative and distinctive local products, capturing the interest of markets. Furthermore, it outlines practical steps inestablishing Village Tematik, engaging the community, and elevating the economic well-being of individuals through UMKM. This approach aims to foster the sustainable growth of villages, generate local employment opportunities, and preserve the distinctiveness of Local Wisdom. The insights provided herein are valuable for policymakers, development practitioners, and all stakeholders interested in supporting theevolution of Village Tematik and Local Wisdom-based UMKM development.

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬CONCEPTUALIZING THE WORKCATION PERCEIVED ATTRIBUTES, CONCEPTS AND IMPACTS AMONG LOCAL EMPLOYEES

The study aims to discover the perceived attributes, concepts, and impacts of workcation among local employees. A total of 242 study participants were chosen using purposive convenience sampling techniques. An online Google form was used to collect 150 usable responses. The data for this study were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results found travelling for official company affairs was the key attribute of workcation. Employee retention, productivity and creativity were the three most apparent perceived impacts of workcation. The workcation concept is viable for implementation by employers due to its flexibility and enhances employees’ creativity elements. The findings of this study assist local employees in understanding the attributes, concepts, and potential impact of implementing the workcation, which will be more beneficial if implemented as part of the company's work culture. Future studies can extend this research and validate the workcation concept in a different setting. Keyword(s) : workcation, attributes, impacts, retention, productivity, creativity

Research on the Impact of ESG Rating on Enterprise Value in the New Energy Vehicle Industry Based on BYD

With the impact of "dual carbon" such as carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, investors have gradually taken the non-financial information and sustainable development of enterprises as part of their investment reference. ESG rating evaluates enterprises from three aspects: environment, social responsibility, and corporate governance. At the environmental level, BYD strictly controls the emission of various wastes, greatly reduces carbon dioxide emissions, and has achieved good results in international evaluations. In terms of society, we have built a variety of employment channels, established employment platforms, absorbed local employees, and promoted social and economic development. At the governance level, the company attaches importance to sustainable development work and continuously improves the company's sustainable development communication mechanism. When the impact of BYD Group's ESG rating performance on the book value of the company, this paper concludes that the company's economic added value is positive and generally upward through the comparative analysis of basic financial indicators EVA analysis and return on net assets. In the impact of ESG rating performance on market value, the event research method is used to study and analyze BYD's ESG rating rate of return (AR) and cumulative abnormal rate of return (CAR). The results show that the year-on-year and cross-level upgrading of ESG ratings can help enterprises achieve sustained growth in economic added value.

Proximity: A Case Study of The Quest of Students’ Decision to Choose a Private Univeristy in Jakarta

The process of selecting a university is complicated, impacted by a plethora of factors that shape students' decisions. The role of proximity, defined as the geographic distance between a student's place of residence and the location of the university, is important among these drivers. The purpose of this study is to give a case study that looks into the complex function of proximity in students' institution selection decisions. The study investigates how proximity influences several components of the university choosing process using a broad sample of students. The research combines surveys and interviews to provide both quantitative and qualitative insights into the interaction of factors influencing university choice, with a focus on proximity. The findings show that proximity has a significant impact on students' decisions, influencing convenience, housing expenses, family and community links, local employment options, sense of belonging, and overall cost concerns. This study contributes to a better understanding of the complex and dynamic elements that influence university selection and provides significant insights for universities and policymakers looking to better meet the requirements and expectations of prospective students.

Regional Employment Impacts of Biorefineries in the EU

SummaryThe European Commission aims to achieve a climate‐neutral economy by 2050 and positively affect the employment growth rate while reducing fossil‐based production activities. For that reason, according to the European Green Deal, decarbonisation and modernisation of fossil‐based industries is essential. Thus, replacing fossil fuel‐based inputs in these industries with bio‐based inputs through the establishment of biorefineries can contribute towards this goal. This article reports the results of a study on the impact of biorefineries on the regional employment rate, and other regional socio‐economic indicators. A unique regional level dataset provided by EU Joint Research Centre and the EU H2020 BioMonitor project is used to examine the impact of the biorefinery industry on local employment. This dataset covers multiple European Member States and enables us to account for regional characteristics over a 10‐year period (2009–2018). Our results show that introducing biorefineries to a region can be associated with a higher regional employment growth compared to regions with no biorefineries. Improving biorefinery data availability and quality can assist further the research in this area and promote the development of bioeconomy in Europe.

Class reproduction theorising a head teacher’s auto-ethnography of a Scottish primary school

ABSTRACT This critical auto-ethnography is a case study of schooling practices in a state primary school. It narrates the ethnographer’s research experience in spaces of social class reproduction when he was the school’s head teacher. Lukes’ model of power is incorporated into understanding forms of domination in this setting. Over the two-year period of his professional doctorate, the ethnographer recorded observations of teacher-student interactions in his research diary. The school is situated in an area of structural disadvantage and in class terms its demography is working-class. The study highlights challenges facing a head teacher seeking an enlightened ethos where power is perceived as invested in a unionised primary school workforce and local authority employer. The ‘specific moments’ referred to in the article’s opening extract hint at what Alfred Schutz calls a ‘lifeworld’ which is iterated through the findings reported in this article.

Examining and prioritizing the effect of sustainable energy on the job market to advance China's green workforce

China, the world's greatest emitter of greenhouse gases, has committed to reaching peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. One strategy to accomplish this aim is switching to a low-carbon economy via advancing renewable energy (RE) projects. Therefore, this study focuses on solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower and examines the beneficial employment effects of RE projects in China. The study uses fuzzy-based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodologies, such as the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS), to evaluate numerous employment effect criteria and sub-criteria. Based on these evaluations, the report prioritizes four main types of RE projects. According to the fuzzy AHP technique results, direct employment, skill requirements, and local employment are the most crucial employment effect factors. The study then employed the fuzzy WASPAS approach to assessing various RE initiatives' employment prospects. According to the findings, hydropower is the best choice for creating jobs, followed by wind and solar power initiatives. In recent years, the hydro, wind, and solar power industries have experienced rapid expansion, creating numerous job possibilities in production, installation, operation, and maintenance. Additionally, creating RE projects can boost regional economic growth and lessen poverty.

Towards a Framework for Integrating Employability Outcomes in the Quality Assurance Roadmap

To a great extent, HEIs are responsible for the employability of their graduates. To fulfill this responsibility, they must help ensure their graduates possess the skills, competency, and other relevant attributes required for employment. Putting in place Quality Assurance mechanisms and linking HEIs’ Quality Assurance to employment indicators could set relevant factors in motion to help realize the HEIs’ aspirations and the graduates’ aims for employment. However, despite the implementation of Quality Assurance, HEIs still need to improve the employability of graduates. To address the above predicament, this study aimed to develop a framework that HEIs can use for integrating employability outcomes in HEIs’ Quality Assurance roadmap. In search of relevant factors and mechanisms linking quality assurance and employability towards developing a relevant framework, this paper found the following important factors to consider: employability as part of the institution’s mission, strategic and operational plans; available guidelines in place through relevant policies and programs; employment enablers integrated into the HEIs’ tri-focal function; engaging the key stakeholders in developing, planning, and implementing policies, programs, and activities; forming a dedicated unit to take charge of employability targets; providing relevant support services for students and alums; and conducting employment promotion activities considering local and global job market realities. On the whole, the graduates need to possess knowledge-skills-and values as near as possible to what the job needs and requires, either for local or international employment. Keywords: quality assurance, employment indicators, integrating quality assurance and employment indicators, quality assurance-employability link, quality assurance-employability framework

Vocational Rehabilitation Service Receipt, Service Expenditures, and Ruralness.

An important factor embedded within Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) delivery capacity relates to geography, such as distance from the VR office and availability of service providers or community rehabilitation programs. We explored receipt of VR job search and placement services based on distance to an urban center, demographic, and disability variables after controlling for local employment conditions. Using 2015 RSA-911 case services data, we used probit to produce estimates for each combination of service and service source (agency and purchased), and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and semi-parametric regression to estimate log expenditures for each service category. Being Black or living at a long distance from a metro area increased the probability of receiving agency-based services but lowered the probability of receiving purchased services. Conversely, being older and having less education lowered the probability of receiving agency services but increased the probability of receiving purchased services. Females, Blacks, and those living at a distance greater than 50 miles from a metro area received significantly lower expenditures. Systematic differences in the types of services provided call for more in-depth analysis to ensure that policies and procedures are in place to minimize sociodemographic disparities in service delivery and outcomes.

Scorched Earth: Employers’ Breached Trust in Refugees’ Labor Market Integration

Employment is critical for refugees’ positive integration into a receiving country. Enabling employment requires cross-sector collaborations, that is, employers collaborating with different stakeholders such as refugees, local employees, other employers, unofficial/official supporters, and authorities. A vital element of cross-sector collaborations is trust, yet the complexity of cross-sector collaborations may challenge the formation and maintenance of trust. Following a theory elaboration approach, this qualitative study with 37 employers and 27 support workers in Germany explores how employers’ experiences in cross-sector collaborations on refugees’ labor market integration affect their trust in other stakeholders in this cross-sector space. Specifically, we explored employers’ perceptions of trust breaches, and how these perceptions affect their further engagement in cross-sector collaborations on refugee integration. Based on our findings, we propose a process model that describes how unmet collaboration expectations and negative assessments of collaborators’ attitudes and behaviors lead to perceived trust breaches which, in turn, lead to employers’ hesitancy to hire refugees and/or to engage in cross-sector collaborations. In doing so, we extend existing theory on trust within organizations to the cross-sector context of refugee integration, uncovering context-specific meanings to trustworthiness dimensions and illustrating how breaches of different trustworthiness dimensions can interact. Moreover, we show how social policies, resources, and trustors’ perceived vulnerability in collaborations shape their risk perceptions. This study highlights the central role of trust for refugee integration and illustrates how missing goals and process clarity endanger sustainable collaborations.

Commercial timber plantations and community livelihoods: Insights from comparative case studies in southern Laos

The social impacts of industrial wood plantations (IWP) in Southeast Asia are extensively contested. Whilst productive, well-managed IWPs can offer a range of benefits to broader societies, they have also been criticised as driving community displacement and economic marginalisation. There is benefit to comparative case studies that identify the conditions whereby IWPs can support improved rural well-being. This paper assesses changes in resource tenure and livelihoods following plantation establishment in three selected case communities in southern Laos, using a rural appraisal approach. The study finds that IWPs can contribute positively to local livelihoods in Laos, under conditions. These occur when sufficient land is reserved for diversified land uses; local people secure plantation employment; there is adequate compensation for formal and informal land claims; and there are tangible contributions to village infrastructure and development. The availability plantation wage labour alone was found to be inadequate for driving broad livelihood improvement. Fieldwork identified the lingering negative social impacts of uncompensated land dispossession. Assessments of realised community benefits of plantation schemes should be considered in relation to the increasing underlying value of forest-lands in Laos. The paper provides updated policy options for an improved balance between stakeholder interests in Laos' strategic plantation sector.

Penyampaian Akta Pemberian Hak Tanggungan Secara Elektronik Menurut Perspektif Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia

The responsibility of the Land Office if there is a problem with the IT system or HT-el application is only technical responsibility by providing access to the PPAT/Bank as the creditor to communicate directly with the local Land Office employees in the Electronic Mortgage registration service section via the Whatsaap application and can also come by. go directly to the land office and Obstacles with PPAT are: 1). Corrections carried out by the Land Office on files that have been uploaded by PPAT often occur in a short time. 2). The HT-el application often experiences problems or server errors which usually occur during working hours. 3). Insynchronization between the physical data of the Certificate and the data in the Land Office's electronic system. 4). The certificate is not ready when it is uploaded, it has not been validated, it has not been deployed. 5). Banks as creditors need to always be reminded to immediately carry out the Mortgage Rights registration process. 6). HT-el services do not provide access to land that has not been certified and the obstacles for banks as creditors are: 1). Server errors often occur in Ht-el partner applications. 2). In the roya process, there is often a lack of synchronization between the roya records on the physical certificate and the records contained in the Land Office's electronic system. 3). In the Roya process, there are many processes that cannot be done with a computer, you have to use a cellphone first.