Local Departments Research Articles

The Effect of Tournament Horizon, Faultline and Group Performance Relationships under Decentralized System

Introduction/Main Objectives: This research integrates the self-categorization and contagion theories to analyze faultlines due to a decentralization system. Besides, this research investigates the inducement of tournament incentives as a control mechanism to mitigate the harmful effects of a faultline on group performance. Background Problems: Fiscal decentralization has a crucial role as it stimulates economic growth, enhances the quality of decision-making and escalates performance. However, decentralization by one local government, which consists of various local government departments, may trigger a faultline. This research argues that patterned diversity convenes faultlines that split up a group into antagonistic sub-groups following the attributes affecting the aggregate group performance. Novelty: This research provides a new insight, in that decentralization appears to be a double-edged sword. It can elevate the quality of local decision-making, and trigger faultlines between local government departments at other times, affecting the local government’s aggregate performance. Research Methods: This research uses a laboratory experimental method with a 2×3 between-subjects factorial design. The research design uses the dyad analysis level. Finding/Results: The results found that the induction of a tournament scheme with the use of a cumulative ordinal scale for determining group performance encourages the social cognitive activation of individuals, thus encouraging cognitive orientation to optimize compensation and minimize categorization and antagonism. Conclusion: A tournament incentive scheme can be induced as a management control mechanism and to encourage the sub-groups to be winners. This resolution is expected to mitigate antagonistic behavior due to faultlines and enhance the optimization of aggregate performance

“The Volunteering Days is Gone”: All‐Hazard Incarcerated Firefighters and Rural Disinvestment☆

AbstractAfter decades of economic restructuring, many rural communities are struggling to provide adequate fire and emergency services across their communities. Subsequent population loss, the destabilization of local tax‐bases, and an increased demand from work and family have left local fire departments at a loss for personnel and support. In this context, rural Georgia communities look to nearby prisons to provide incarcerated persons to work as local firefighters and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to stabilize rural emergency services. In this paper, I examine the narrative accounts that officials who employ, manage, or work alongside incarcerated workers who are trained to respond locally as firefighters and EMTs and ask why incarcerated workers are looked to for this type of work in spite of the challenges associated with the program. Officials describe turning to the state prison system as the only viable option to make their communities and fire departments safe. These findings further illuminate the relationship between racial capitalism, carceral infrastructure, and emergency services as rural communities turn to the false promise of prisons and all‐hazard incarcerated firefighters to keep their communities safe.

A wildfire occurrence risk model based on a back-propagation neural network-optimized genetic algorithm

To reduce the impact of wildfires on the operation of power systems, a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model is used to evaluate the wildfire risk distribution after feature selection. Data from 14 types of wildfire-related features, including anthropogenic, geographical, and meteorological factors, were collected from public data websites and local departments. The weight ranking was calculated using filtering and wrapper methods to form five feature subsets. These are used as the input sets of the BPNN model training, and network parameters are optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the optimal feature subset is chosen to establish the optimal BPNN model. With the optimal model, the prediction results are graded to draw a wildfire risk distribution map. Situated in medium-, high-, and very-high-risk zones are 90.26% of new fire incidents, indicating the applicability of the proposed BPNN model.

行政法视角下看高等学校与学生之间的纠纷

教育权对于人的生存和发展来说已然是全世界公认的一项重要权利，但受教育权是受宪法保护的主体公法性权利，在学生接受教育的过程中，与学校发生的纠纷主要体现在三个领域：一是招生录取领域的纠纷，二是毕业证和学位证的颁发授予领域纠纷，三是处分或退学领域的纠纷。面对学校的处分等处罚行为，学生可以采取向所在学校申诉、向学校所在地的教育行政部门申诉、提起行政复议和行政诉讼这些救济手段。但现实中显现的问题，表明我们学生与高校之间的行政法律纠纷解决机制还有重建的空间。 The right to education has been recognized as a human right in a number of international conventions, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, which recognizes a right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all with the progressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education, ideally through the progressive introduction of free higher education. Disputes with schools during the course of a student's education are primarily reflected in three areas: first, disputes over enrollment; second, disputes over issuing and awarding graduation certificates and degree certificates; and third, disputes over punishment or withdrawal. When faced with punishment such as school punishment, students can appeal to their schools, the local education administrative department, and file administrative reconsideration and administrative litigation. However, the problems in reality demonstrate that there is still room for improvement of the administrative-legal dispute resolution mechanism between our students and universities

Improved Optimization Algorithm in LSTM to Predict Crop Yield

Agriculture is the main occupation across the world with a dependency on rainfall. Weather changes play a crucial role in crop yield and were used to predict the yield rate by considering precipitation, wind, temperature, and solar radiation. Accurate early crop yield prediction helps market pricing, planning labor, transport, and harvest organization. The main aim of this study is to predict crop yield accurately. The incorporation of deep learning models along with crop statistics can predict yield rates accurately. We proposed an improved optimizer function (IOF) to get an accurate prediction and implemented the proposed IOF with the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. Manual data was collected between 1901 and 2000 from local agricultural departments for training, and from 2001 to 2020 from government websites of Andhra Pradesh (India) for testing purposes. The proposed model is compared with eight standard methods of learning, and outcomes revealed that the training error is small with the proposed IOF as it handles the underfitting and overfitting issues. The performance metrics used to compare the loss after implementing the proposed IOF were r, RMSE, and MAE, and the achieved results are r of 0.48, RMSE of 2.19, and MAE of 25.4. The evaluation was performed between the predicted crop yield and the actual yield and was measured in RMSE (kg/ha). The results show that the proposed IOF in LSTM has the advantage of crop yield prediction with accurate prediction. The reduction of RMSE for the proposed model indicates that the proposed IOFLSTM can outperform the CNN, RNN, and LSTM in crop yield prediction.

New rural cultural industry evaluation index system: the driving force of regional development in Wenzhou

This article constructs a new evaluation index system for the development of rural cultural industries, aiming to comprehensively assess the performance of cultural industries in terms of economic development, social impact, cultural heritage and innovation, environmental sustainability, technological innovation capability, policy support and management, market competitiveness, and cultural soft power. Through systematic analysis and scientific measurement, this system not only fills the gaps in the existing evaluation systems but also promotes the scientific and standardized development of cultural industries, providing an important reference for local governments and relevant departments for supervision and management. The article elaborates on the specific indicators and their significance in each dimension and proposes specific policy recommendations for Wenzhou City to promote the prosperity and development of cultural industries, achieving the goals of rural revitalization and common prosperity.

Present status and prioritization of rural road accessibility: A case study of Sunamganj districts of Bangladesh

This study was conducted to examine the Rural Transport Accessibility Index and improve the connectivity of the rural road network for agricultural development in the Sunamganj district, Bangladesh, and facilitate the distribution of agricultural products as well as its accessibility to people. The demographic, socioeconomic, and agricultural data of eleven Upazila’s were obtained from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) in order to fulfill the goals of this study. The administrative area boundary and transport network data were collected from the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) and Roads and Highways Department (RHD), respectively. Rural Transport Accessibility was estimated using ArcGIS-Arc Map. Analyzes were performed using the Microsoft Excel Analysis Tool pack. To determine the priority ranking, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and correlation analysis were used. The outcome of this method helped in ranking the Dharamapasha, Derai, Jagannathpur, Sullah, Tahirpur, Dakshin Sunamganj, Jamalganj, Chhatak, Dowarabazar, Bishwamvarpur, and Sunamganj Sadar Upazilas respectively inspect accessibility level. Improving rural road network considering agricultural productivity per kilometer and prioritizing the road ranking was prepared from the maximum habitations within the desired distance. These 121 links (Upazila Distance Matrix) were calculated. From Bishwamvarpur to Sunamganj Sadar, the maximum utility value was 12281.0. This link will be upgraded as the priority, and Jagannathpur to Sullah links will be upgraded as the least priority because of its minimum value of 149.9.

LORA Based Forest Fire Monitoring System

The LoRa-based forest fire monitoring method by using wireless type networks is an IoT system designed to detect and prevent forest fires. The system consists of sensor nodes which are deployed throughout the forest to monitor various environmental conditions such as humidity, temperature, wind speed and direction. These sensor nodes are equipped with LoRa radios that enable them to communicate wirelessly with a central gateway. The Gateway gathers the data from the sensor nodes and transmits it to a server in the cloud for processing and analysis. The system utilizes machine learning algorithms to analyse the collected data and detect any anomalies that may indicate the forest fire. In the event of a fire, the system can alert local authorities and fire departments, providing them with real-time information about the location and severity of the fire. This allows for faster response times and more efficient management of the fire. The LoRa-based forest fire prevention system using wireless networks offers several advantages over traditional forest fire detection systems. Its low-power, long-range capabilities enable it to cover large areas, making it ideal for monitoring vast forested areas. Additionally, its wireless connectivity eliminates the need for physical infrastructure such as cables, which can be expensive and time-consuming to install. Overall, the LoRa-based forest fire prevention system using wireless networks is a promising solution for preventing and managing forest fires. Its innovative use of IoT technology and machine learning algorithms can help to reduce the impact of forest fires and protect both human life and the environment.

Strategies for Ability Training of Music Teachers in Primary and Secondary Schools

This research uses the literature method to sort out the relevant theoretical context of teacher ability training and determine the research questions, and uses the interview method to conduct interviews with music teachers, teaching researchers and school leaders in primary and secondary schools. By analyzing the data, firstly, the professional ability, teaching ability and comprehensive ability of music are extracted as the constituent elements of the ability of music teachers in primary and secondary schools. Secondly, this paper divides teachers' ability training strategies into four levels. Finally, this study puts forward the following suggestions based on the analysis: the state should grasp the core issues of teacher ability training and formulate a systematic management plan; local teacher training departments should promote cooperation and exchanges among teachers to improve the overall ability level of teachers; colleges and universities should train more teachers Aspects of ability and pay attention to the balanced development of pre-service teachers' theoretical and practical ability; primary and secondary schools need to provide a good platform for teacher ability development to help promote teachers' post-service ability improvement.

OUTCOMES OF SEPTOPLASTY IN CHILDREN.

Aim: The aim of the study was to present the experience of a local hospital surgical department where septoplasty is performed on children suffering from its degeneration. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study with 100 patients aged between 3 and 18 years were taken. Both males and females out of 100 patients were followed up for 7 years. The patients were treated with using septoplasty as well as the related clinical procedures such as cauterization of the inferior turbinate. We performed clinical evaluation and nasal endoscopy of the cases in the postoperative period. The longest observation period was 7 years. Results: The male and female child enrolled in the study were 60 (60%) and 40 (40%), respectively. Out of this number of patients, 92 (92%) had inferior turbinate cauterization. In all the 100 cases, we did not notice any intraoperative complication. Also, all the cases were evaluated in 15th, 30th, and 60th days of observation. Conclusions: When performed correctly, septoplasty in children is a good clinical intervention as it allows the right growth and development of the crani-ofacial region and prevents abnormalities in psychic and somatic components in young patients. Moreover, this study confirms the previous studies that have demystified the point of view, that the setoplasty should only be recommended when the patients reach the ages of 17 and 18.

The Cultural Dynamics of Power and Corruption in Local Government Department, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The Cultural Dynamics of Power and Corruption in Local Government Department, District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Русский голос в «своей» загранице

The Russian-language press in Finland became noticeably more active in March 1917, after the February Revolution. The emerged newspapers and magazines, being often publications of local departments of various parties, reflected as a rule their political aspirations. The proclamation of Finland’s independence in December 1917 intensified the nationalist movement in the country and sharp increase of Russophobia, which were reflected in the pages of the Russian-language press. In the article is considered the newspaper “Voice of the Russian Colony” (1918), which was published in Helsingfors by university professor, writer Konstantin Arabazhin. The problems and structure of the newspaper as a whole, as well as the themes and genre originality of a number of journalistic texts in particular, are characterized. The editorial office of the newspaper positioned itself as an organ of independent non-partisan thought; directed its efforts to unite all layers of the Russian population of Helsingfors on the basis of national cultural values; expressed confidence that she would be able to correctly reflect the interests of her compatriots in Finland and thus become the voice of the Russian colony in the broadest sense of the word. The article describes in detail the materials of the first issue of the newspaper “Voice of the Russian Colony”. As follows from the analysis, the constituent components of the newspaper are thematically interconnected, and their arrangement in a certain sequence makes it possible to read the issue as a single text, aimed to convince the Russian-speaking reader of the significance and usefulness of the new periodical.

Паломничество в Святую Землю и российская провинция на рубеже XIX–ХХ вв.: источниковедческий потенциал Пензенских епархиальных ведомостей

Using the example of diocesan periodicals and historical tradition of creating monuments of travel literature, the article examines the phenomenon of the Russian cultural Renaissance in its regional dimension. The burst of public interest to the value-based foundations of the Russian culture of the turn of the 20th century is explained by the processes of emancipation and growing social instability. In these conditions, the democratization of pilgrimage practices as reference forms of spiritual perfection becomes an organizing idea of socio-cultural uplift. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze materials of the journal “Penza Diocesan Gazette,” devoted to the problems of organizing pilgrimage trips to holy places. The source base of the research has been formed using thematic index of articles developed at the Theological Seminary and the Church Historical Committee of the Penza diocese. After summarizing the data, it has been determined that pilgrimage sections were present in the diocesan periodicals from the moment of its appearance (in the 1860s). However, the Palestinian themes became regular with the activities of local departments of the Imperial Orthodox Palestinian Society (in the 1890s). At that time, the diocesan gazette became a media embodiment of the IOPS and an active means of religious and ethical education of the population. In this context, the materials are reviewed, covering the process of the Penza branch of the IOPS organizing and holding annual readings on the Holy Land, as well as perception of this information by the participants. Despite high frequency of “Palestinian” publications, pilgrim epistolaries were isolated occurrences on the pages of the Penza Diocesan Gazette. Thus, the work of the priest Peter Arkhangelsky “On the pilgrimage of the clergy to the holy places of the East,” published in the Penza Diocesan Gazette in 1898, acquires special significance. The reader is presented with a unique experience of reconstructing everyday practices of the Orthodox travelers to Palestine from the Penza gubernia at the turn of the 20th century. Genre features and event-related content reveal mechanisms of introducing national organizing idea to back-countrymen, their involvement in the process of returning to historical and cultural origins of Orthodox Christianity. Among main hindrances to the development of pilgrimage activities of the local clergy, Arkhangelsky names scarcity of material support and intensity of service, which did not permit long absences.

Wybrane zagadnienia związane ze zwalczaniem przestępczości gospodarczej na przykładzie wyłudzeń funduszy unijnych. Studium przypadków

The aim of this publication is to present an extremely important issue from a national perspective, namely combating economic crimes, with particular emphasis on the area of fraud of European Union funds. This issue is important because the efficient state apparatus in the field of combating and preventing this type of crime means that Poland can be perceived in the international arena as a partner that can efficiently eliminate and prevent this type of crime, which in turn can measurably translates into revenues for the state budget and tightening the national financial system. The article also presents examples of criminal proceedings conducted mainly by specialized prosecutor’s office units, including the Economic Crime Departments and the Local Departments of the Organized Crime and Corruption Department of the National Prosecutor’s Office.

Energy consumption characteristics in residential houses in Danang, Vietnam

Residential energy consumption has been increasing significantly in Danang, Vietnam, in recent years due to improvement in living standards. In order to plan housing energy conservation measures, it is necessary to clarify housing information, people's lifestyles, energy consumption style and usage of energy equipment. The purpose of this study is to clarify the energy consumption characteristics for further energy simulation analysis in the next step. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey of 300 households in Son Tra district, Danang was conducted in March 2022. The power consumption data during 2019 - 2021 were obtained through the local Department of Electricity (EVN). An analysis was performed on the information collected to provide insight into the current energy usage in Son Tra. The results showed that the main factors of household that effect the energy consumption were number of air conditionners, outdoor temperature, number of storeys and family size. Through this study, basic documents for energy saving measures and policy making have been obtained; Energy saving measures will be considered through simulation in the near future as the next step.

Challenges, Issues and Opportunities towards Management of Solid wastes in Indian Cities: A Case Study of Srinagar City

Abstract: Considering the geo-ecological sensitivity, the Himalayan urban centres are seriously struggling to design useful and economical municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems. The Srinagar is the first metropolis and fastest growing city of Western Himalayas and here the management of MSW is a big challenge for local authorities. The aim of this study was to study the overall scenario of MSW in the city. A comprehensive survey was conducted and data were also collected from local municipal department.

중앙부처와 지방자치단체간 정책확산에 관한 연구

In this study, practical cases of the operation of the evaluation system of local governments in which the central and local governments are mutually involved were examined through the spread of the manual “local government investment-funding institution evaluation proposal model”. Through this, we tried to examine the role distribution through mutual cooperation between local governments and central government departments.
 As a result of the analysis, it was found that local governments are provided with the proposed model for the purpose of providing information, and the use of this model is different between metropolitan areas and basic local governments. While overall utilization was high in both metropolitan areas and basic local governments, metropolitan local governments showed high utilization of the proposed model's annual corona extra point index and social value index, while the basic local government showed higher overall utilization. This is because regional governments operate a relatively stable evaluation system due to the allocation of personnel in charge, and focus on improvement items every year. It was found that they were actively accepting it.
 The proposed model that can show the realistic and complementary relationship between the central government and local governments based on the experience and assets of about 30 years since the election of the head of the popular election was carried out in earnest can be said to be a representative example of the relationship between governments. This was possible because local governments made an active request to the central government, and since the start of the proposed model is a bottom-up method, it can be said that it can provide implications for establishing the relationship between local governments and the central government in the future.

Transformations in the police organization in the early 1920s

The main aspects of changes in the organization of the police in the early 1920s have been revealed. At that time there was a complex, controversial, but quite consistent formation process of the police in Ukraine as a law enforcement agency. Significant changes in the organization of the police have been noted. The functions of the police and criminal investigation were separated, which, as time proved, was a mistake. In 1923, there were changes in the structure of the police, closely related to the administrative reform in the republic. County and parish police departments were replaced by circute and district police departments. The expansion of circutes and districts had led to a corresponding expansion and strengthening of local police departments, which was positive. The number of police in 1921–1923 decreased by 20 times, which had led to negative consequences. The qualification of many police officers was low, they lacked basic literacy. In the early 1920s, the issue of further development and structure of the police, centralization and decentralization of its bodies was not sufficiently resolved. The issue of the relationship between the police and other public and private bodies was also not settled. Training in the police was not organized, the use of technical means in its activities lagged behind. However, in 1923 a number of important legal acts regulating the organization and activities of the police were adopted. These are, first of all, the Rules of Service and the Police Disciplinary Statute. In the first of the named documents, it was stated that persons who joined the police and investigation service are considered civil servants. This was of significant importance for raising the social status of police officers. According to their official status and type of activity, police and detective workers were divided into the following categories: a) regular staff, which was subdivided into command staff of the police, detectives and police officers; b) political staff; c) administrative staff; d) clerical staff; and e) non-staff personnel. The Police Disciplinary Statute was a new type of departmental legal act. It was the first to define the concept of police discipline. Incentive for integrity and strict liability for violation of official duties by police officers were foreseen. Serious violations, which were qualified as criminal offences, entailed judicial responsibility for the police officer.

Mpox: What Practicing Gastroenterologists Need to Know

Mpox: What Practicing Gastroenterologists Need to Know

Does government institutional reform deter corporate tax evasion? Evidence from China.

Exploiting the quasi-natural experiment of the social insurance collection system reform implemented in China in 2000, based on data from China's industrial enterprise database from 1998 to 2006, we use the difference-in-differences method to test the impact of changing the social insurance collection institution on corporate tax evasion. We find that changing the social insurance collection institution from the social security department to the local tax department significantly deters corporate tax evasion. A series of robustness tests also support this conclusion. The reason is changing the social insurance collection institution to the local tax department increases its' social insurance information of the enterprise, and reduces the information asymmetry between the enterprise and the collection institution. Furthermore, we find that the impact of changing the social insurance collection institution on corporate tax evasion is more evident in the samples of labor-intensive enterprises, low labor cost enterprises, and enterprises under the jurisdiction of the local tax department. These results indicate that government institutional reform is a valid way to reduce the information asymmetry between the government and enterprises, which will finally deter corporate tax evasion.