Local Departments Research Articles

A social system for sustainable local e-government

PurposeMost studies in electronic government (e-government) sustainability focus on the role of specific actors (stakeholders such as government employees or citizens) in sustaining an e-government project. However, such actors may not have sufficient resources to support e-government sustainability by themselves and must collaborate across different departments and stakeholders to sustain e-government projects. This paper aims to take a social systems theory perspective on sustainable local e-government, where actors cooperate and coordinate in a social system to leverage resources for e-government sustainability in local government contexts in developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an interpretive study of two local e-government case studies based on in-depth interviews with local government information technology (IT) managers, local leaders and staff. Data analysis based on constructivist grounded theory is used to understand the role of a social system in sustaining e-government systems in local governments in developing countries.FindingsThe original social system theory was developed for industry initiatives and adapted for public organisations in this paper. The unique characteristics of the public sector and e-government innovation are used to identify new components of the social system related to local e-government. Local e-government is sustained through a collaboration between actors in a social system to leverage resources and reduce challenges.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this is an exploratory study, the cases show that the use of a social system theory consisting of institutional, management, social and economic components requires multiple lenses for investigation. This is a challenging process because it requires different areas of knowledge to carry out the research. The challenges may influence the overall outcome of this study. In addition, the two cases may generate limited insight and experiences as this study was carried out within two local governments in Indonesia. The findings may not provide a strong basis for generalization to other contexts.Practical implicationsThis study offers guidance to local government IT departments to improve collaboration in a social system between local actors (such as political, managers and staff) while implementing and using e-government systems.Social implicationsSustainable local e-government requires all actors to coordinate and cooperate in a social system to reduce financial, political and technical challenges.Originality/valueThis paper offers new insight into how a local government collaborates in a social system to realize sustainable e-government systems. Collaborating in a social system reduces common challenges and leverages resources to support e-government sustainability.

Rethinking hospital psychiatry in Italy in light of COVID-19 experience.

BACKGROUNDItaly retains a distinctive organization of mental health services according to a community-based model of care with a multidisciplinary team serving a well-defined catchment area under the coordination of the local department of mental health. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is forcing Italian mental health services to develop new organizational strategies at all levels of care in order to face the associated challenges.AIMTo explore factors associated with changes in psychiatric admissions to an inpatient psychiatric unit located in Lombardia Region, Italy.METHODSAll hospital admissions (n = 44) were recorded to an inpatient psychiatric unit during a three month national lockdown in Italy in 2020 and compared with those occurring over the same time period in 2019 (n = 71). For each admission, a 20-item checklist was completed to identify factors leading to admission. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows, release 11.0. Chi-square test (or Fisher’s exact test) and Mann-Whitney U-test were applied, where appropriate.RESULTSHospital admissions dropped by 38% during the COVID-19 pandemic. No significant differences were found in demographics, clinical variables associated with hospital admissions and length of stay between 2019 and 2020. Compared with 2019, a significantly greater proportion of hospital admissions in 2020 were related to difficulties in organizing care programs outside the hospital (chi-square = 4.91, df 1, one-way P = 0.035) and in patients’ family contexts (chi-square = 3.71, df 1, one-way P = 0.049). On the other hand, logistic and communication difficulties pertaining to residential facilities and programs were significantly more common in 2019 than in 2020 (chi-square = 4.38, df 1, one-way P = 0.032).CONCLUSIONAdmissions to the inpatient psychiatric unit dropped significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, with difficulties in organizing care programs outside the hospital and in patients’ family contexts occurring more frequently compared with 2019.

Knowledge, attitude, prevention practice, and associated factors toward COVID-19 among preparatory school students in Southwest Ethiopia, 2021.

IntroductionAs of February 2021 COVID-19 report in 57 African countries, there were 3,761,512 confirmed cases and 98,088 deaths. Ethiopia reported the highest number of cases in East Africa with a total of 147,092 cases and 2,194 deaths. Over 1.5 billion students from 195 countries across the world separated from school as a consequence of the closure of schools related to the pandemic. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, prevention practices, and determinant factors regarding COVID-19 among preparatory school students in southwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study design was used for 422 samples. Each respondent was selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for social science software version 25.0. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify factors that were significantly associated with the practice of COVID-19 prevention.ResultsThe response rate in this study was 96.2%. A higher proportion of the respondents were female (53.9%), Bench (43.6%), and protestant (47.3%). The level of good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice were 81.8%, 70.9%, and 47.0% respectively. Using social media [AOR: 1.801, 95% CI: 1.005, 3.226], watching television [AOR: 1.884 95% CI: 1.093, 3.247], being knowledgeable [AOR: 5.173 95% CI: 2.276, 11.755], and having a positive attitude [AOR: 4.300 95% CI: 2.351, 7.868] were positively associated with COVID-19 prevention practice.ConclusionDespite the high level of knowledge and a moderate level of positive attitude, the practice of COVID-19 prevention measures was low. Using social media, watching television, being knowledgeable, and having positive attitudes towards COVID-19 increases the tendency to practice COVID-19 prevention measures. School directors and teachers should strictly monitor students for their adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures as directed by the local and national health care departments.

Monitoring and diagnostics of buildings' heat loss based on 3D IR model of multiple buildings

Monitoring buildings' heat loss and quickly discovering high energy-consuming buildings in a certain area is of great significance for urban management departments to propose urban governance and management measures from the perspective of global optimization. Developing a 3D-infrared (3D-IR) model of a building or a complex created with infrared thermograph (IRT) obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies would greatly contribute to a comprehensive observation on the thermal performance of a study objective. In this paper, a procedure for high energy-consuming building screen based on the 3D infrared (IR) models of multiple buildings is proposed and demonstrated as an effective approach for regional evaluation comparing with measured heating energy data provided by the local municipal department. Firstly, the 3D-IR model of multiple buildings is established, where the single building models are built based on UAV-IRT technology respectively, and the modelling condition as well as the temperature-color mapping relationship of each building is unified. Secondly, the measuring schemes and the evaluation method of the building thermal performance based on the 3D-IR model is proposed. Thirdly, the energy-consuming performance of five buildings in Jining, a city in northern China, is measured and analyzed by using the above-mentioned methods. Finally, the proposed evaluation method of the building performance is applied to evaluate the tested buildings. By referencing to measured heat energy data, the proposed method can be taken as an efficient and reasonably accurate screen method.

Community research partnership: A case study of San Antonio Research Partnership Portal

Research collaboration between academic researchers from universities, organizations and government local city departments can be tremendously useful to all institutions, but these collaborations involve a wide range of skill sets, making them difficult to establish and manage. For many local government city departments, finding research professionals and collaborators to solve community problems remains a big challenge. The information of research opportunities is either posted on the individual city department website or researchers are approached through a personal relationship with city department officials. As a result, a researcher interested in working with the city department would have to either navigate various websites or try to build a personal contact with city department officials. In this paper, we will look at the relevance of community research partnerships as well as the barriers that prevent them. We will also demonstrate the development of, Research Partnership Portal, a collaborative platform for academic researchers, organizations, and government city departments in San Antonio. This portal will assist academic researchers and organizations in collaborating with government city departments and using current administrative data to produce effective answers to community concerns.

Assessing law enforcement websites: a comparative analysis exploring types, quantity and quality of information available

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the availability of information on law enforcement websites in the state of Wisconsin.Design/methodology/approachThe study conducted a content analysis of all 179 county and municipal local law enforcement agency websites within Wisconsin. The authors then implemented a comparative analysis that explored whether the quantity and quality of information available on law enforcement websites are similar to those of local governments and school districts. The authors then estimated models to test whether there is a relationship between the population size served and gender distribution of law enforcement departments to the availability of information on law enforcement websites.FindingsLaw enforcement websites contain a noticeable lack of information. The finding is even more apparent when comparing law enforcement websites to the websites of local governments and school districts. Finally, the authors show a positive link between information sharing on law enforcement websites and the proportion of the civilian staff at an agency that are women.Originality/valuePast studies that reviewed the make-up of law enforcement websites analyzed large law enforcement departments rather than local law enforcement departments, which notably represent the majority of most law enforcement departments. The authors also explicitly demonstrate that the commitment to information sharing is lagging within law enforcement websites compared to local-level governments. Future scholarship and law enforcement departments may benefit from exploring the employment of female civilians.

Bacterial and fungal co-infections among ICU COVID-19 hospitalized patients in a Palestinian hospital: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Diagnosis of co-infections with multiple pathogens among hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can be jointly challenging and essential for appropriate treatment, shortening hospital stays and preventing antimicrobial resistance. This study proposes to investigate the burden of bacterial and fungal co-infections outcomes on COVID-19 patients. It is a single center cross-sectional study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at Beit-Jala hospital in Palestine. Methods: The study included 321 hospitalized patients admitted to the ICU between June 2020 and March 2021 aged ≥20 years, with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay conducted on a nasopharyngeal swab. The patient's information was gathered using graded data forms from electronic medical reports. Results: The diagnosis of bacterial and fungal infection was proved through the patient's clinical presentation and positive blood or sputum culture results. All cases had received empirical antimicrobial therapy before the intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and different regimens during the ICU stay. The rate of bacterial co-infection was 51.1%, mainly from gram-negative isolates ( Enterobacter species and K.pneumoniae). The rate of fungal co-infection caused by A.fumigatus was 48.9%, and the mortality rate was 8.1%. However, it is unclear if it had been attributed to SARS-CoV-2 or coincidental. Conclusions: Bacterial and fungal co-infection is common among COVID-19 patients at the ICU in Palestine, but it is not obvious if these cases are attributed to SARS-CoV-2 or coincidental, because little data is available to compare it with the rates of secondary infection in local ICU departments before the pandemic. Comprehensively, those conclusions present data supporting a conservative antibiotic administration for severely unwell COVID-19 infected patients. Our examination regarding the impacts of employing antifungals to manage COVID-19 patients can work as a successful reference for future COVID-19 therapy.

Flame impingement affects survival and development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on securely wrapped remains

Wrapping and burning are techniques to hide or destroy evidence on human remains. Both may influence the ability for forensically important arthropods, such as blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), to colonize and develop to adulthood on remains. The combined effects of wrapping and burning a body on blow flies has not been examined in the literature, therefore this was examined using two experiments: (1) measuring the potential delays in oviposition due to wrapped remains and (2) the survival of blow fly larvae on wrapped bodies exposed to flame impingement. First, three domestic pig carcasses were wrapped in 100% polyester blankets and sealed at the end with duct tape, while three remained un-wrapped. After three days of exposure to natural colonization, blow flies delayed oviposition by at least 21 h on the wrapped remains. Second, six pig carcasses were colonized with 250 first instar Lucilia sericata (Meigen). Three of these carcasses were wrapped as described in the first experiment. Larvae were allowed three days of feeding and development, then the pigs were transferred to a rural, two-storey farmhouse, which was set ablaze. The local fire department suppressed the fire and removed the pigs. Compared to un-wrapped carcasses, wrapping increased survival of live larvae and recoverability of live and dead larvae. The blanket acted as an extra layer of protection, increasing maggot survival, however, live insect evidence collected and reared post-burn provided a less accurate minimum post-mortem interval estimate than maggots killed by the fire.

Research on Problems and Countermeasures of Government Response to Online Public Opinion in the Era of Self-Media

With the advent of the era of self-media, the Internet has become the most important medium for citizens to share information and express their opinions. The continuous spread and fermentation of any social developments may form online public opinion, which may have a certain guiding effect on major social issues. Therefore, governments at all levels deepen online governance and attach importance to early warning and detection of online public opinion. A comprehensive central-local online public opinion response system needs to be built urgently. Based on the Life cycle theory, the main current situation of online public opinion at present is analyzed through the case study method and the comparative research method. It is possible to identify and summarize the shortcomings of government countermeasures for online public opinion in the era of self-media, such as the failure of early warning and monitoring mechanisms of local governments, the lack of coherence between central and local government departments and the lack of administrative work in the aftermath. Based on this, I attempt to construct an optimal path for government countermeasures for online public opinion, actively implement the central government’s emphasis on public opinion governance at all levels and establish a perfect online public opinion response mechanism.

Automatic Detection of Weapons in Surveillance Cameras Using Efficient-Net

The conventional Close circuit television (CCTV) cameras-based surveillance and control systems require human resource supervision. Almost all the criminal activities take place using weapons mostly a handheld gun, revolver, pistol, swords etc. Therefore, automatic weapons detection is a vital requirement now a day. The current research is concerned about the real-time detection of weapons for the surveillance cameras with an implementation of weapon detection using Efficient–Net. Real time datasets, from local surveillance department's test sessions are used for model training and testing. Datasets consist of local environment images and videos from different type and resolution cameras that minimize the idealism. This research also contributes in the making of Efficient-Net that is experimented and results in a positive dimension. The results are also been represented in graphs and in calculations for the representation of results during training and results after training are also shown to represent our research contribution. Efficient-Net algorithm gives better results than existing algorithms. By using Efficient-Net algorithms the accuracy achieved 98.12% when epochs increase as compared to other algorithms.

Applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve fire response activities

This research discusses how to use a real-time Artificial Intelligence (AI) object detection model to improve on-site incident command and personal accountability in fire response. We utilized images of firegrounds obtained from an online resource and a local fire department to train the AI object detector, YOLOv4. Consequently, the real-time AI object detector can reach more than ninety percent accuracy when counting the number of fire trucks and firefighters on the ground utilizing images from local fire departments. Our initial results indicate AI provides an innovative method to maintain fireground personnel accountability at the scenes of fires. By connecting cameras to additional emergency management equipment (e.g., cameras in fire trucks and ambulances or drones), this research highlights how this technology can be broadly applied to various scenarios of disaster response, thus improving on-site incident fire command and enhancing personnel accountability on the fireground.

ЧИННИКИ РУЙНАЦІЇ ФОРТЕЦЬ ПІВДНЯ УКРАЇНИ

ЧИННИКИ РУЙНАЦІЇ ФОРТЕЦЬ ПІВДНЯ УКРАЇНИ

Финансирование крестьянских учреждений Сибири: полемика между местными органами власти и центральными ведомствами России

The article examines the processes of planning budgetary allocations for the maintenance of Siberia peasants management institutions. These structures appeared in accordance with the law on the introduction of the peasant chiefs institution. The article shows the controversy between local authorities and central departments on the content of new administrative structures. This paper describes the intention of the Siberian administrations to expand the number of officials for managing peasants. It also tells about the intention of the guberniya administrations to free local budgets from financing institutions for managing peasants.

“Bang!”: ShotSpotter Gunshot Detection Technology, Predictive Policing, and Measuring Terry’s Reach

ShotSpotter technology is a rapid identification and response system used in ninety American cities that is designed to detect gunshots and dispatch police. ShotSpotter is one of many powerful surveillance tools used by local police departments to purportedly help fight crime, but they often do so at the expense of infringing upon privacy rights and civil liberties. This Article expands the conversation about ShotSpotter technology considerably by examining the adjacent Fourth Amendment issues emanating from its use. For example, law enforcement increasingly relies on ShotSpotter to create reasonable suspicion where it does not exist. In practice, the use of ShotSpotter increases the frequency of police interactions, which also increases the risk of Black Americans becoming the victims of police brutality or harassment. Such racialized policing facilitates the status quo of violence and bias against Black Americans. This Article uses recent cases from the D.C., the Fourth, and Seventh Circuits as a foundation to argue that officers arriving on the scene to investigate a gunshot sound they were alerted of via ShotSpotter technology should not be allowed to use the gunshot sound as the basis of reasonable suspicion and subsequent search and seizure. At the heart of this Article is the argument that the use of ShotSpotter technology is unconstitutional under City of Indianapolis v. Edmond because it is not used for a specific law enforcement purpose beyond preventing crime generally. Under the reasoning and result of Edmond, law enforcement is prohibited from using ShotSpotters unless officers have reasons for individualized suspicion. Spending more money on ineffective ShotSpotters placed in “high crime” neighborhoods across America is not the answer to reducing gun violence. As seen with Oakland’s successful Ceasefire program, there are innovative ways to simultaneously build trust in communities and curb gun violence. Indeed, properly designed group violence reduction strategies will foster and maintain dignity for participants in a program tailored to saves lives and promote community healing.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ НОВЫХ ПОЛЕВЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ НА ПАМЯТНИКЕ УСТЬ-БИЙКЕ-I В 2020 ГОДУ

In the field season of 2020 Biiken research group of the IAET SB RAS carried out archaeological field work in the Chemalsky district in the Altai Republic. The research was conducted at the archaeological site “The Ust'-Biyke-I, settlement”, stratified deposits of which contain finds of Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age periods. As a result of the work a large collection of artifacts (13,515 specimens) was obtained from the excavated area (area 5,2 m2) and the stratigraphic sequence at the site was clarified. Before the excavation of the site, geophysical studies were carried out with the methods of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR). A detailed topographic plan of the site was made. Based on the provided study a conclusion was made that the cultural deposits are not exposed to intensive technogenic or natural impact at the moment. Up-to-date information entered into the records and was sent to the local department of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage.

Императорское Русское военно-историческое общество: к историографии проблемы

The article is one of the first attempts to generalize the accumulated experience in the research literature on the history of the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society. The author analyzed the key works of pre-revolutionary, Soviet, postSoviet historiography. The presented historiographic review is built according to the chronological principle. The author comes to the conclusion that the first attempts to comprehend the activities of the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society were carried out even before the revolution of 1917, but only from the 1940s. laid the foundation for studying its history. It is concluded that the interest of modern researchers is fragmentary and is more focused on studying the activities of local departments and the organizational structure of society. A promising direction for further research is the study of the history of this association of military historians in the context of the interdisciplinary paradigm «Memory studies», which allows us to consider the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society as one of the most important actors influencing the formation of historical memory at the beginning of the 20th century.

Assessment of Background Radioactivity and Related Radioactive Hazard Indices in Glutinous Rice (Oryza sativa var. glu-tinosa)

Specific activites of natural (40K, 226Ra and 40Th) and anthropogenic (137Cs) radionuclides in 30 glutinous rice samples bought from some local retailers and department stores in Songkhla Province have been measured and analyzed. Experiment results were carried out by using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector and gamma spectrometry analysis system at Radiation Laboratory in Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) (TINT). The results show that the specific activities of 40K, 226Ra, 232Th and 137Cs in 30 glutinous rice samples ranged from < 592.21 – 896.36, < 3.73 – 11.92, < 2.49 – 7.84 and < 1.54 – < 2.35 Bq/kg respectively, with mean values of 683.13 ± 33.61, 6.09 ± 1.78, 4.20 ± 1.52 and < 1.92 ± 0.21 Bq/kg respectively. Furthermore, some related radioactive hazard indices and the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) value were also evaluated and found in the safety values. Moreover, all the results were compared with Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) data, research data in Thailand, international studies and some recommended values.

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of metal(oid)s in the yellow soils of a typical karst area, southwest China

ABSTRACT Yellow soil is a type of soil rich in hydrated iron oxide that is extensively distributed in the typical karst areas of Guizhou Province, southwest China. Concomitantly, the higher contents of metal(oid)s are observed in the soil of karst areas in Guizhou Province, and there are few reports to study the inner relationship between local soil and metal(oid)s in the here. Hence, the present study mainly aimed to understand the adsorption and desorption characteristics of metal(oid)s in yellow soils of a typical karst area using kinetics and adsorption isotherms. The effects of temperature, pH and electrolytes on adsorption were also examined. The risk of metal(oid)s in soil was also evaluated by geoaccumulation and tomlinson pollution load indexes. The results showed that the pH value of yellow soil collected from Guizhou Province was 6.41, making it a weakly acidic soil, and the average concentrations of organic matter and CaCO3 were approximately 1.12% and 0.88%, respectively. The adsorption of metal(oid)s did not significantly vary with an increase in the CaCO3 concentration in the yellow soil. The metal(oid)s adsorption of the yellow soil improved with an increasing clay content. The Hg content in the yellow soil far exceeded the standard value (GB 15618–2018), with a corresponding cumulative evaluation of grade 1 according to the geoaccumulation index. Tomlinson pollution load indexes exhibited that the comprehensive score of the selected metal(oid)s in the yellow soil was 0.60, corresponding to no pollution. The adsorption behavior of As onto the yellow soil can be interpreted through pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir model, where the maximum adsorption was observed at 1318 mg/kg. The adsorption of most metal(oid)s increased with increasing temperature. The adsorption of Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and As did not obviously fluctuate with an increasing NaNO3 concentration. Notably, local related departments should take measures to decrease the Hg content in this soil.

Ways of implementation of the national concept of the integrated organization of police activity

The analysis of the current law enforcement system allows to state the existence of certain problems related to its construction and some aspects of activity. After the administrative reforms in Ukraine, the indicators of assessing the level of public confidence in the National Police gradually began to improve, but the practice of foreign countries shows better breakthroughs in the organization of policing. Therefore, the relevance of the article is explained by the need to introduce in the national legal system a new concept of policing, which would take into account the successful experience of foreign countries and course of our country for European integration. First of all, the article is devoted to the analysis of the existing models of law enforcement systems in the world in order to determine the most favorable and effective for national law. It was found that the integrative model of organization of police activities today demonstrates the most effective indicators in the work of foreign police, so it can be considered a guide for implementation in Ukraine. Based on this, the author proposes his own definition of the term "integrated policing". The author pays special attention to the successful experience of the Baltic States and the United States in policing, in particular in the field of training highly qualified police officers, police and community cooperation in partnership, and international cooperation in exchanging experience of specialized law enforcement services. For example, the national legal system should pay attention to such development programs as the creation of port police, increasing the duration of specialized training of police officers, involving citizens in patrols on a voluntary basis, increasing the competence of local police departments. Analyzing the relevant practice of foreign countries, the author pays attention to the peculiarities of the functioning of the national law enforcement system, as well as its own achievements. In conclusion, there are several possible ways to introduce into the legislation of Ukraine the main development programs and principles of functioning of the police of foreign countries in Europe and America. The main result of the work is the design of the concept of an integrated organization of policing and the expected results from its implementation - reaching a new level in the process of European integration.

Hepatitis C Testing and Linkage to Care Among Adults on Probation in a Large US City.

BackgroundDespite constituting the largest segment of the correctional population, individuals on probation remain largely unstudied with respect to hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing and linkage to care. We implemented an HCV testing and patient navigation program at an adult probation department.MethodsAdults were tested at a local probation department with a rapid point-of-care HCV antibody (Ab) assay followed by a laboratory-based HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) assay if anti-HCV positive. All individuals received counseling rooted in harm reduction principles. Individuals testing positive for HCV Ab were immediately linked to a patient navigator in person or via telephone. The patient navigator assisted patients through cure unless the patient was lost to follow-up. Study participation involved an optional survey and optional point-of-care human immunodeficiency virus test.ResultsOf 417 individuals tested, 13% were HCV Ab positive and 65% of those tested for HCV RNA (34 of 52) had detectable HCV RNA. Of the 14 individuals who linked to an HCV treatment provider, 4 completed treatment, as measured by pharmacy fill documentation in the electronic medical record, and 1 obtained sustained virologic response. One hundred ninety-three individuals tested for HIV; none tested positive.ConclusionsThe study cohort had a higher HCV seroprevalence than the general population (13% vs 2%), but linkage to care, completion of HCV treatment, and successful test-of-cure rates were all low. This study indicates that HCV disproportionately impacts adults on probation and prioritizing support for testing and linkage to care could improve health in this population. Colocalization of HCV treatment within probation programs would reduce the barrier of attending a new institution and could be highly impactful.