Local Body Research Articles

Concerning ecclesiology: Four barriers preventing insider movement contextualization from producing biblical churches

Contextualization is a topic of utmost importance in the field of missiology. Over the past several years, the missiological world has debated the merits of one particular approach to contextualization known as the Insider Movement (IM). While much of the discussion has focused on issues of soteriology, hermeneutics, theology of religions, and evangelism, this article intends to assess the potential for IM strategies to produce biblically faithful churches. By leaning on the writings of IM advocates and the recent publication of Jan Prenger’s dissertation, Muslim Insider Christ Followers, one can compare IM strategies along with the testimony of insiders themselves with biblical teaching regarding the church. In order to avoid the accusation of historical, doctrinal, or extra-biblical imposition on the biblical teaching of the church, the common historical marks of the church have not been selected as the criteria for assessment. Instead, four biblical passages containing teaching about the church have been selected drive this exploration exegetically: (1) the church built upon the common recognition of Jesus as the awaited Messiah and Son of God; (2) the church as local, identifiable, gatherable, and responsible body of believers; (3) the church as a pillar and buttress of the truth; and (4) the church as an indiscriminate gathering of gospel-professing and communally covenanted believers. Upon considering the texts that drive these four elements of biblical churches, one confronts several barriers that often attend IM strategies. If such barriers are not removed by IM proponents, this article concludes that it is unlikely that they can produce healthy and biblically faithful churches.

Endoscopy assisted extended curettage in a rare case of aneurysmal bone cyst involving the 2nd metatarsal of a child

<p>Aneurysmal bone cysts account for only 1% of all bone tumours and of these only a handful of reported cases occur in the foot. They can mimic other bone tumours on imaging studies, thus making histological diagnosis mandatory. Aneurysmal bone cyst of a metatarsal is very rare especially in children and only few cases have been reported in the literature. We report the novel management option for a rare case of an Aneurysmal bone cyst localized to the second metatarsal in a 5 years old boy who presented with limping, local pain, and minimal swelling in his left foot. Tissue diagnosis was confirmed on the basis of needle biopsy. Surgery was in the form of extended curettage using an endoscope with a high-speed burr and cautery. The remnant cavity was filled up with artificial bone graft. Histopathology analysis of the resected tissue was consistent with Aneurysmal bone cyst. There was complete healing at final follow-up at 2 years. Endoscopy assisted extended curettage appears to be an ideal treatment option as it provides a perfect visualisation of the interior of the entire cyst and use of cautery and burr more accurately under direct vision which potentially leaves only a minimal scope for recurrence. Use of artificial bone grafts instead of conventional autogenous bone grafts to reduce graft site morbidity in children and stimulate local foreign body reaction for enhancing residual tumour cell kill if any and also to promote bony sclerosis for healing.</p>

Investigation of Wave Stripping Models on a Generic Wing-Mirror Using a Coupled Level-Set Volume of Fluid Simulation

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Predicting Exterior Water Management is important for developing vehicles that meet customer expectations in adverse weather. Fluid film methods, with Lagrangian tracking, can provide spray and surface water simulations for complex vehicle geometries in on-road conditions. To cope with this complexity and provide practical engineering simulations, such methods rely on empirical sub-models to predict phenomena such as the film stripping from the surface. Experimental data to develop and validate such models is difficult to obtain therefore here a high-fidelity Coupled Level-set Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) simulation is carried out. CLSVOF resolves the interface of the liquid in three dimensions; allowing direct simulation of film behaviour and interaction with the surrounding air. This is used to simulate a simplified wing-mirror, with air flow, on which water is introduced. The film shows very different behaviour on the in-board section, where a film is developed which eventually breaks to rivulets, and the end of the mirror, where the water is rapidly stripped off the surface due to the higher shear stress from the air. The same case is simulated using a fluid film method, which shows that a simple film stripping model based on film height is not capable of predicting the different regimes observed with CLSVOF. However, a model based on wave stripping due to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability is seen to give good agreement, as was a model based on local film velocity, surface curvature and body force. As well as informing the development of a film stripping model, this also illustrates how a high-fidelity simulation can be used as a tool for developing practical engineering software.</div></div>

JUDICIAL PROTECTION OF ECONOMIC COMPETITION AND RESTRICTIONS OF MONOPOLISM IN UKRAINE

The article examines the judicial protection of economic competition and the restriction of monopoly in Ukraine. On the way to Ukraine’s transition to new economic institutions, there is a need to create new relationships between different business entities. International standards require the introduction and continuous improvement of the mechanism of judicial protection of economic competition and the restriction of monopoly in Ukraine, which is the basis of the protection mechanism and ensure the restoration of violated rights of both entrepreneurs and consumers. Today in Ukraine, the lack of real planning in the economic sphere leads to the absence of such production, unemployment and other negative processes in the economic sphere. It is determined that business entities have the right to appeal to the court against the decision of any public authority or local government body to apply administrative and economic sanctions to it. If a state authority or local self-government body adopts an act that does not comply with the law and violates the rights or legitimate interests of the business entity, the latter has the right to apply to the court to declare such an act invalid. It was found out that the court enforces the decisions of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, such as the application of fines and penalties accrued on the unpaid amount of the fine. In addition, the law stipulates that the state commissioner of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, the head of the territorial branch of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine or their authorized employees of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, its territorial branches have the right to get acquainted with these cases and receive copies. The Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine and its territorial branches have the right to intervene as third parties who do not make independent claims on the subject of the dispute, if the decision may affect their rights and responsibilities in exercising state control over the protection of economic competition. Judicial protection of economic competition and restriction of monopoly in Ukraine is a highly specialized area based on a set of administrative, economic, commercial, civil and commercial law to restore the violated right, protection and defense of violated rights of both entrepreneurs and consumers.

PERMIT SERVICES OF THE MINISTRY OF JUSTICE OF UKRAINE IN THE FIELD OF NOTARY

The relevance of the article is that today, the requirements for persons who intend to carry out notarial activities are unreasonably high compared to the requirements for a candidate for judge or lawyer, and the procedure for obtaining a certificate of the right to engage in notarial activities is complicated. That is, the requirements for future notaries are the most stringent, which is not justified and at the same time limits the rights of citizens to access the profession. Therefore, artificial restrictions on access to notarial activities reduce competition, increase monopolization in this area, increase the cost of services, and in some areas lead to a lack of notaries, resulting in the greatest consumer suffering (in particular, the inability to obtain the service or set a very high price for the service). The scientific work examines the scientific positions of scientists on the understanding of permitting services of public authorities and in particular permitting services by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the field of notaries. It is proved that the content of the procedure for providing licensing services by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the field of notaries is a procedure of consideration and resolution of individual (separate) cases regulated by the norms of administrative procedure in order to form and implement state policy in the field of notaries by issuing, to a natural person (citizen of Ukraine, notary, official of a local self-government body) of a permit document, which has an individual character. The classification of permitting services by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the field of notaries depending on the type and subject of activity has been carried out. The definition and highlights of the main features of permitting services by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the field of notaries are given. It is determined that the features of the permitting service of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine in the field of notary are: 1) the legally defined subject of providing permitting services in the field of notary; 2) the purposefulness of the purpose of providing licensing services in the field of notaries - the establishment in society of the rule of law, trust in law and justice; 3) is public authority, by-law and takes place in a legally defined procedure for granting a permit; 4) aimed at the implementation by the subject of the appeal of legal rights, obligations and interests in the field of notary; 5) provides for the observance and fulfillment of legally defined requirements by the subject of the appeal; 6) the final result - a permit.

LEGAL REGULATION OF ELECTED EMPLOYEES OF BODIES LOCAL GOVERNMENT

The articles consider the regulation of certain issues of organization and activity of elected officials of local governments and district state administrations. Attention is paid to the rules of training an electoral employee in local self-government bodies, namely the regulation of the legal status and appointment procedure. Relevant volumes of powers of an elected official of a local self-government body are singled out. It was found that the current Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption" provides for the mandatory conduct of a special inspection only for local government officials of the first - third categories of positions. That is, for chairmen, deputies (first deputies) of chairmen of regional councils, chairmen of district (district in cities) councils, first deputies and deputy mayors (cities - regional centers) on issues of activity of executive bodies of council, secretaries of city (cities - regional centers) councils special inspection is mandatory, as they hold positions of the first - third categories. In other cases, local government officials should be subject to special scrutiny only if their positions are classified as positions of responsibility or special responsibility and positions with a high risk of corruption. The list of such positions was to be approved by the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption. However, as of today, such a document has not been adopted and, accordingly, there is no legal basis to pass such a special inspection of persons holding positions in local governments of the fourth category and below. At the same time, it should be noted that in practice there are many cases when these persons undergo a special examination voluntarily, at their own request.

Development of a multi-nodal thermal regulation and comfort model for the outdoor environment assessment

The growing need for planning eco-cities is calling on a tool that can give better prediction of the thermal comfort conditions for a specific microclimate. A multi-nodal thermal regulation model can potentially factor in the impacts of the transient and asymmetric thermal conditions on human subjects. In this study, Human subjects were invited to experience various kinds of urban open spaces and to express their thermal feelings, while skin temperatures of 17 local body segments were measured. We tested the multi-nodal thermal regulation model developed by UC Berkeley by comparing its predictions of human body skin temperature, thermal sensation vote (TSV), and thermal comfort vote (TCV) with our onsite human subject measurements and questionnaire survey, in order to identify the causes of the errors between the prediction and measurements. Corresponding to the thermal neutral status, the field-measured data recorded wider local skin temperature ranges than the simulated ones. We proposed using a “null zone” instead of “set-point” in the thermal comfort model to accommodate the possible adaptation of human subjects to the highly fluctuating wind environment in open spaces. It was proposed that the forehead was counted as one of the dominant local body parts when defining the overall thermal sensation. The correlation coefficient R2 between the prediction and the field measured TSV improved to 93.7% for the revised model from 76.2% of the original model.

Participación y planeación del desarrollo local en Medellín: viabilidad jurídica de los mecanismos de participación ciudadana en el ámbito local

En materia de planeación local del desarrollo, la normatividad vigente asigna a los Consejos Comunales y Corregimentales de Planeación la función de formular los Planes de Desarrollo Local de las comunas de Medellín, instrumentos que deben ser refrendados por las Juntas Administradoras Locales, las cuales tienen la potestad de aprobar o rechazar el programa de desarrollo concertado con la comunidad. Este artículo busca presentar los mecanismos de participación ciudadana como una herramienta jurídica viable para que la comunidad incida en los ejercicios de planeación local y ejerza control social sobre la instancia de planeación local.

Dimensions of land use change and implications in spatial planning of emerging town Bedkot municipality, Kanchanpur district, Nepal

Rapid transformation of rural settlements into municipalities in Nepal has brought significant changes in land use and urban expansion patterns mostly through the conversion of agriculture land into the built up area. The issue is studied taking a case of rapidly growing Tarai town of Bedkot Municipality of Kanchanpur District. This study is based on field interaction, observation, and available data review. After the declaration of Bedkot as a municipality, several new roads have been opened and upgraded; and the municipality is well connected to the national transportation network. After promulgated the Constitution of Nepal, 2015 and activated the elected local body, the municipality budget has been increased significantly as a result of increasing municipal investment on socio-economic and physical infrastructure development and environmental protection which have attracted people, goods and services creating it as the zone of influence of the surroundings. Rapid spatial changes have been observed with inflow of population in the municipality. One of the changes found is the increasing built-up area by 3.6 percent and expansion of urban area through decreasing the agriculture land by 3.5 percent. Urban growth has been observed taking place along the highway corridor clustering at nodal junctions and some other potential locations. Implications of such spatial dimensions have been core issue of urban development planning in most of the newly declared municipalities in Nepal.

Study on appropriateness between new development and conservation for Bow Barracks housing in Kolkata

PurposeIn the rapidly urbanizing Indian cities, large buildings are being built demolishing old buildings often with historic, cultural and architectural merit bringing the conflict between development and conservation. In Kolkata, the authority has taken a unilateral decision to construct high-rise buildings demolishing a hundred-year old Bow Barracks housing complex. The purpose of this paper is to present a research study that empirically explored the appropriateness of the policy decision and a recommendation for appropriate development based on the research result.Design/methodology/approachThe design of the research is formulated on the survey method that encompasses observation, interview and collection of data through questionnaire, and survey, documentation and testing of architecture. All findings are analysed; research question and hypothesis are tested with validation.FindingsThe research has found that the old housing is of cultural heritage and use value, and the inhabitants are a very special community in Kolkata. The new development proposal in terms of space generation and cost involvement over the benefit of conserving the existing housing is not beneficial. Therefore, the decision of the local body, in terms of value for money, architecture, culture, heritage and sustainability is not proper.Originality/valueSuch a research exploring the benefit between development and conservation for choice of appropriate path of development in managing the development of a city in global south stands for its uniqueness.

Black phosphorus modified soluble microneedle patch for painless, effective and accurate body slimming

Compared with painful and difficult overall weight-loss, a surgery-free method was developed to achieve local accurate body slimming. A layer of black phosphorus was modified on the back of the rosiglitazone (Rosi)-loaded soluble microneedle patch. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, Rosi could be delivered to the target adipose tissues efficiently and painlessly, thus achieving accurate body slimming. Based on the experiments in a mouse model with high-fat-induced obesity, after one month, the mice lost about 8% of their body weight while their waist circumference (target region) dropped about 21%. In addition, an interesting phenomenon of adipose tissue dynamic compensation was discovered and discussed for the first time.

Garment size effect of thermal protective clothing on global and local evaporative cooling of walking manikin in a hot environment.

Evaporative cooling is the critical heat dissipation mechanism for working individuals wearing thermal protective clothing in hot environments. However, until now, there is no knowledge on garment size design for evaporative cooling optimization, especially when the human body is in movements. In this study, to understand the dynamic effect of garment size on evaporative cooling, we performed experiments on a sweating thermal manikin with seven garment sizes and three walking speeds. The evaporative cooling of global and local manikin body with this wide range garment sizes was present. Results demonstrated that the effect of garment size on evaporative cooling depended on the walking speed. At lower walking speeds, the global evaporative cooling tended to decrease with greater garment size, while at higher walking speeds, the global evaporative cooling tended to increase with greater garment size. Similarly, according to effects of garment size on local evaporative cooling, body segments could be divided into three categories for evaporativecooling optimization. Further, we analyzed factors which influenced the positive effect of walking speed on the evaporative cooling. Results showed that, for most cases, the increase of evaporative cooling caused by walking showed positive linear relationship with the garment size. Further increase of walking speed led to a greater increase rate of evaporative heat loss for body segments with the small air gap. This study provides insights into clothing local characteristics of evaporative cooling with different garment sizes under dynamic conditions and may help clothing design to optimize the evaporative cooling of working individuals in hot environments.

Effects of aircraft seat pitch on interface pressure and passenger discomfort

Seat pitch, defined as the distance from a point on the back of one seat to the same point on the seat in front, is one of the most important factors influencing aircraft seating comfort. This study assessed the influence of different airline seat pitches on subjective ratings of discomfort and body-seat interface contact pressures. This was a laboratory within-subjects study using an aircraft interior mock up to vary seat pitch. Twelve participants completed 1 h of sitting in each of five different seat pitches (28inches, 30inches, 32inches, 34inches, and 36inches). Interface pressure mats measured seat and backrest pressure distribution, subjective rating scales were used to measure overall and local body region discomfort. The results showed that overall body and local body region discomfort ratings tend to be lower when the seat pitch increased from 28 inches to 36 inches (p < 0.05). For pressure variables, the upper back average contact area, upper/lower back average contact pressure, upper/lower back average peak contact pressure, right buttock average contact area, left/right thigh buttock average peak contact pressure, and left buttock average peak contact pressure were significantly affected by seat pitch(p < 0.05). Separate analyses support that seat pitch was more strongly correlated with backrest interface pressure than with seat pan pressure. In conclusion, seat pitch was found to be an important factor associated with body-seat contact pressure and discomfort ratings.

Institutional Networks of Association for GIS Use: The Case of an Urban Local Body in India

In the past decade, India has witnessed rapid urban transformation leading to a changing urban governance culture in the country. This has prompted a growing push toward informationization of government practices coupled with the government’s ambition of building an information infrastructure. Urban local bodies (ULBs) in particular have become the arena for implementation of planning policies conceptualized by the central government as it strives to manage the urban population and fulfill its information technology ambitions. In this process, there has been a growing use of geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial technologies by Indian ULBs. GIS use by Indian ULBs is highly uneven and variable, however. This unevenness can be explained by using literature on critical GIS and politics of scale. Critical GIS highlights the importance of power relations and institutional structures in an organization’s GIS practices, and politics of scale helps to understand the complexities of network formation and power relations embedded in such networks that facilitate an organization’s GIS use. Through an in-depth case study of Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC), this study demonstrates that active construction of scalar politics and networks of association is key in a ULB’s attempts toward spatial engagement. SMC constructs thematic and territorial networks of association to procure material and discursive resources and uses “scale jumping” as a representational strategy to garner political influence. Such a strategy enables SMC to form alliances with key actors and navigate power structures facilitating their GIS use, reflecting the politicized nature of GIS constructions for urban governance by an Indian ULB.

Evaluation of consumer purchase intention towards &lt;i&gt;halal&lt;/i&gt; endorsed products in Pakistan

This study is aimed at investigating the buying behaviour of Muslim consumers towards halal and matching it with the halal options available. To conduct this study, data were collected in two phases. Data were collected from consumers of fast-moving goods, to assess their perceptions towards halal and its impact on their buying behaviour. The second phase comprises in-depth unstructured interviews from the management of a local regulatory body to explore the halal options available in the market. The results of the quantitative analysis indicated that both positive attitude and societal perceptions towards halal have a positive and significant impact on halal buying behaviour. Detailed interviews with the management of the regulatory body confirmed that the available options are in line with customer demands. The findings of this study provide significant managerial insights that might help policymakers while establishing laws for halal products.

Evaluation of consumer purchase intention towards &lt;i&gt;halal&lt;/i&gt; endorsed products in Pakistan

This study is aimed at investigating the buying behaviour of Muslim consumers towards halal and matching it with the halal options available. To conduct this study, data were collected in two phases. Data were collected from consumers of fast-moving goods, to assess their perceptions towards halal and its impact on their buying behaviour. The second phase comprises in-depth unstructured interviews from the management of a local regulatory body to explore the halal options available in the market. The results of the quantitative analysis indicated that both positive attitude and societal perceptions towards halal have a positive and significant impact on halal buying behaviour. Detailed interviews with the management of the regulatory body confirmed that the available options are in line with customer demands. The findings of this study provide significant managerial insights that might help policymakers while establishing laws for halal products.

РОЗРОБКА МОДЕЛІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ОРГАНУ МІСЦЕВОГО САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ НА ОСНОВІ РЕІНЖИНІРИНГОВОГО ПІДХОДУ

The article discusses the possibility and feasibility of modeling of the administrative-managerial processes for improving the effectiveness of the local self-government bodies (LSGB), which is based on a process approach, according to which the various functions of the public administration and services to organizations and citizens are provided. To improve the efficiency of implementation of administrative processes in the local governments it is proposed to use a methodological apparatus of re-engineering, which has proven effective in the implementation of projects of re-structuring the administration systems of a large number of commercial and state organizations. The development of a model of the activity of the LSGB allows to determine quickly and economically the best variant of the transformation of the structure and functions of the LSGB in accordance with the change of the socio-economic situation, the emergence of new tasks or legal decisions regarding the redistribution of areas of administrative responsibility. The three-level model of activity of the local self-government body is proposed, the development of which is based on the preliminary three-stage re-engineering. The main components of this model, which reflect organizational and functional activity, administrative and management processes and the effectiveness of the functioning of the LSGB, are considered. The organizational and functional model contains a functional and structural description of the LSGB, which reflects the relationship of the structural units with the functions implemented by these units. The model of the administrative-managerial process is a description of the key processes for the LSGB, on the basis of which, in accordance with the formulated general criteria, suboptimal processes are identified, as well as variants of solutions for their optimization are developed. The performance model supports technologically goal setting procedures, shows the linking of goals to specific performers with indicators of their performance. On the basis of these models, the subject areas of activity of the LSGB were allocated and groups of users of information of the subject areas of activity were formed.

ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF DYNAMICS OF REVENUES TO THE BUDGETS OF THE UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE ZAPORIZHZHIA REGION

The United Territorial Community (UTC), as an object formed by the voluntary amalgamation of territorial communities within one region, has a single local self-government body endowed with additional powers and budget revenues. Currently, an urgent problem for each UTC is the awareness not only of the amount of budget revenues, but their structure, the nature of the dynamics as a whole and in terms of their types. The UTC revenue planning requires their forecasting, and the use of relevant forecasting tools necessitates the study of the peculiarities of their structure and dynamics. The purpose of this work is to analyze the structure and dynamics of revenues to the budgets of the UTC of Zaporizhzhia region and to develop recommendations to community leaders on the choice of object, models and methods of forecasting revenues. The analysis of the current state of decentralization reform in Zaporizhzhia region has been carried out in the work. The dynamics and structure of revenues to the budgets of the UTC of the Zaporizhzhia region for 2016-2019 have been analyzed. The tendencies of dynamics of formation of incomes of local budgets have been defined. A cluster analysis has been conducted for the budget of Veselivska UTC, on the basis of which it has been found that the revenues are divided into four groups that have similar dynamics. A fractal analysis of receipts has been performed. Based on the analysis, recommendations for the selection of the object, models and methods for revenue forecasting have been developed.

Особливості надання соціальних послуг дітям і підліткам в умовах громади

The article examines the current state of the process of providing social services to vulnerable groups (children and adolescents), which are provided in a united territorial community. The normative and legal support of the community functioning as a local self-government body is analyzed. The definition of the term «community» is given, the meaning of the term «social work in the community» is revealed, the main functional directions of social work in the community are outlined, the concept of «difficult life circumstances» is briefly considered as a key indicator of community social services. Listed, without filling the content, the types of social services that can be obtained in the community (social support of the client, registration in the «emergency department», organization of leisure, assistance in placement in educational and medical institutions, assistance in organizing training, applications, letters , other documents to the relevant bodies and organizations, forming a package of documents, advising parents on the equipment of premises with free access for children with special needs, assistance in obtaining referrals to specialized health care facilities, sanatorium treatment, inpatient social care institutions; identification of sources and causes of social maladaptation of children, psychological correction of conflicting relationships between parents and children, psychological and pedagogical assistance to children to relieve stress caused by difficult life situations). The purpose of further research is outlined.

ANALYSIS OF FORMS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Introduction. Today, local governments carry out their own activities aimed at ensuring local development, providing services to citizens in the conditions of limited material, financial and technical resources. This makes it necessary to use effective mechanisms for cooperation of local governments with citizens, the establishment of feedback mechanisms. The purpose of the article. Research and analysis of the forms of public participation in local self-government, identification of their shortcomings in order to define vectors for further application of these forms. Method (methodology). The methodological basis of the article consists of general scientific and empirical methods of scientific research, such as: the system method and the generalization method. Results of work. The forms and corresponding (levels) of public participation in local self-government are systematized. The analysis of the existing practice on the forms of public participation in the Pidvolochysk village united territorial community is carried out. The regulations that regulate the use of forms of public participation in the Pidvolochysk community are indicated and analyzed. It is established that the forms of public participation in the Pidvolochysk village united territorial community are represented by: informing, public consultations, studying and taking into account the opinion of residents in the process of forming directions of local development. Conclusions. Under a centralized system of public administration, citizen participation in local self-government was minimal, and mechanisms for public participation were imperfect, as they existed only on paper. Adopting a model of participatory democracy requires the active participation of the public in the management of local affairs. Such participation should take appropriate forms and be based on appropriate legal mechanisms and procedures. Sphere of results application. Forms of public participation in local governance, adoption and implementation of management decisions to ensure local development should be accompanied by public awareness of the possibilities of such participation, on the one hand, and the desire of officials and employees of local governments to listen to citizens, respond adequately, take into account her – on the other. Only under such conditions will the involvement of citizens in solving local government issues become mutually beneficial both for the residents of the respective territory and for the local self-government body.