Involvement Of Local Authorities Research Articles

The R.I.E. procedure as a tool for sustainable development in municipality of Bolzano (Italy)

Human progress implies in its conception a progressively more invasive intervention in the sphere of nature. Without an endeavour to conciliate progress with the idea of sustainable development, a substantial number of areas, above all the ones recognized as problematic, would be subjected to an important ecological damage. Legal regulations represent the most binding and cogent instrument to relate the idea of sustainable development to man’s will of progress, mirroring the involvement of local authorities in improving the quality of life. The aim of the article is to present positive practices of the application of the R.I.E. procedure (It. Riduzione dell’Impatto Edilizio, En. Reduction of Construction Impact).The implementation of the R.I.E. procedure allows for appropriate solutions to help maintain the highest level of ground permeability. This aspect of new investments’ planning is of fundamental importance, i.e., in areas struggling with the problem of floods or overflows. The present publication adopts the case study method in order to demonstrate the applicability and the positive consequences of the implementation of the R.I.E. procedure as an obligatory tool of the local law practiced since the year 2004 in the Italian municipality of Bolzano.

ANALISIS DAMPAK SOSIAL KEMAJUAN PEMBANGUNAN RUMAH KOS SEKITAR KAMPUS UIN ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR DI KELURAHANROMANG POLONG KECAMATAN SOMBA OPU KABUPATEN GOWA

This research examines the social impact of boarding house headway around the State Islamic University of Alauddin Makassar in Gowa Regency. The focus of this research is to elucidate the three questions which are 1) How the portrait of students’ life in boarding house around the State Islamic University of Alauddin Makassar in Gowa regency. 2) How the social impact of boarding house headway around the University. 3) How the solution to overcome the social impact of boarding house headway around the University in Gowa Regency. The qualitative descriptive is the method applied in this research. The main instrument is the researcher with all media used in research. The primer and secunder are the resources. Observation, interview, and documentation are the ways to collect the data. Descriptive data analysis is by prolonging the participation and observation, collecting data, and verifying the validity data continously. The outcome of this research can be concluded as following: 1) It is found three types of students, namely the first type is students who really want to study and spend time for college; second type isa half-focus in college means students in a half-way to college; The third type is students who are ignorant and indifferent clarify that student who are really no willingness to learn. 2) It is found some of the social impacts of the progress of boardinghouses around the campus are the problem of free sex that lead to free sex, garbage problem that resultfrom boarding houses, slum settlement problem that is caused by private homes convert to boarding house which result slums settlement, noisy problem that can disturb the peace and comfort of the local community. 3) It is noticed that several solutions to overcome the social impacts of the boarding house headway are firstly to rearrange the boarding house and supervise the owner properly. Secondly, it requires the involvement of local authorities and police officers in controlling, supervising and even curbing if it is necessary. The last, the involvement of religious leaders, community leaders, and campus parties are needed to conduct guidance and awareness to students directly or indirectly.

Regional approach of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management in France

Waste management regulation is generally impacted by Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) implementation, such as Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE). The main goal of this article is to explicit the WEEE chain and flows using the material flow analysis (MFA) method and to contribute to the understanding of the EPR implementation in a specific case study by examining operational activities of WEEE regional and urban flows. A detailed case study of the EPR implementation for WEEE in the Midi-Pyrénées Region and the Toulouse's urban area was conducted. Based on a MFA of the WEEE chain, results give an insight into operational activities dealing with circulation of waste material. It reveals the main dysfunctions of this WEEE management system, including lack of involvement of local authorities and consumers, dispersion channels and a low recycling rate at the local level. The roles of recycling operators, social economy companies and EPR compliance are also important to recover more resources from waste and to close the recycling loop.

Authoritarian but responsive:Local regulation of industrial energy efficiency inJiangsu,China

AbstractRegulatory behavior and effectiveness in authoritarian settings are subject to alternative characterizations. By tracing enforcement processes through a variety of case studies, this article proposes and refines a new model, at least with respect to energy efficiency regulations in China:authoritarian but responsive.Local rulemaking and operationalization is authoritarian, with strong and coordinative bodies of regulation, strategic plans, and active involvement of local authorities. Local authorities, however, often find themselves facing a welter of laws imposed on companies that create competing priorities for these local officials who then must struggle to find pragmatic solutions. On numerous occasions, such satisficing behavior by local officials makes them responsive to the performance and demands of regulated firms. Embedded in the decentralized authoritarian context, theauthoritarian but responsiveapproach is found to be a rational choice of local governments and different from previous conceptualizations. It helps local governments coordinate across a diverse array of regulatory issues. Drawing on environmental enforcement in China, the model provides consistent explanations for the seemingly changing and discretionary enforcement incidents.

Resilience of innovation platforms within armed conflicts: the case of integrated agricultural research for development from North Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo

The North Kivu Province in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo has sporadically, and more recently, been disrupted by ethenic wars. These wars have caused displacement of people and destruction of economic resources in the Province. Many development initiatives have been arrested and others completely derailed. The Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program moved into the Province in 2008 and established four innovation platforms (IPs) under Integrated Agricultural Research for Development concepts, in Masisi and Rutshuru districts. The objective of this study was to identify mechanisms and strategies used by IPs to continue operating in amidst of wars and limited partner support. It is clear that the IAR4D concepts are functional even in times of conflicts, and without interventions of partners. The involvement of local authorities in the activities of IPs helped to preserve the property of the latter. The various mechanisms that were put in place to ensure continuity of IP activities included regular meetings at the antennae (sub-IP) levels, adoption of perennial crops to fight crop-raiding, moving seed stocks storage into more secure environments, solidarity among members of the IP and establishment of a communication system for securing people and property among others. It is observed that the IAR4D concept is a practical framework and a model for development of agricultural research for impact and provides a means of resilience that strengthens the cohesion of the population even in situations of conflicts.Keywords: Sub-Saharan Africa Challenge Program

New localism or fuzzy centralism: policymakers’ perceptions of public education and involvement in education

ABSTRACTThis research examines local authority involvement in education as a function of local policymakers’ perceptions of education as a public service – namely, whether public education is for the benefit of society as a whole, or for individual students and parents. Perceptions of education and involvement in education were assessed through 107 questionnaires returned by mayors and heads of local education departments in Israel. The results show that (1) local policymakers tend to perceive public education as a general public service, and (2) the relationship between this perception and involvement in education varies with the locality’s centre-periphery status. In peripheral localities, perceiving education as a general public service and an understanding of ‘society’ as the local community leads to greater involvement in education. In central localities, involvement rose with a more individualised perception. Implications of the findings are discussed in line with viewing education in the spirit of new localism.

Zachowania konsumentów na rynku produktów regionalnych i tradycyjnych

W opracowaniu dokonano oceny zachowań konsumentów na rynku produktów regionalnych i tradycyjnych w woj. podkarpackim. W analizie empirycznych wyników badania dotyczących 600 konsumentów z woj. podkarpackiego wykazano kategorię nabywanych produktów regionalnych i tradycyjnych, miejsca realizacji zakupów, częstotliwość i motywy zaopatrywania się w tego rodzaju artykuły spożywcze oraz zjawisko etnocentryzmu występujące wśród badanych. Na podstawie badania należy stwierdzić że w woj. podkarpackim ma miejsce dynamiczny rozwój rynku omawianych produktów w kontekście sprzyjających warunków naturalnych, dziedzictwa kulinarnego oraz przy dużym zaangażowaniu władz samorządowych. Konsumenci wykorzystują wszystkie możliwe źródła zaopatrzenia. Preferują zwłaszcza wysoką jakość, bezpieczeństwo spożycia, smak, świeżość i lokalne pochodzenie. Wykazali się także etnocentryzmem, gdyż regionalne i lokalne pochodzenie produktów ma dla nich istotne znaczenie.

The concept of sustainable tourism development in rural areas – A case study of Zbąszyń commune

Abstract Tourism in rural areas has been defined as all tourist activities conducted in rural areas. The development of tourism in rural areas is dependent on external factors (e.g. landscape attractiveness), as well as internal factors (e.g. involvement of local authorities and society). Hence, it is important to increase the tourism potential for further increase of local tourism, and in turn to intensify the social-economic development according to a sustainable policy and multifunctional rural development. The main aim of the present study was to indicate possibilities to improve tourism management of the Zbąszyń urban-rural commune. For this purpose the following detailed aims were set: to evaluate local society satisfaction with tourism development in Zbąszyń commune, to evaluate the natural-landscape state of the analyzed area, to designate a new tourist trail or to revise the existing trails, and to propose modernization of existing tourism infrastructure. The obtained results revealed that in the opinion of local society there is still not sufficient tourism development despite some natural-landscape values. Hence, activities connected with tourism enrichment should be mainly connected with designation of two new cycling trails and supplementation of tourist information signs and tables. All proposed activities leading to an increase of tourism potential should bear in mind social aspects as well as natural values and would have a positive effect on economic income of the area.

Usługi publiczne w polityce zrównoważonego rozwoju gmin − wybrane problemy

The aim of this study is to identify the main barriers municipalities face and the benefits they gain from implementing sustainable development from authorities point of view. The paper also presents the main directions and activities public authorities have implemented in technical and environmental public services. It also discusses the results of empirical research conducted in 2015 in municipalities in the voivodeships of Wielkopolska, Silesia and Podlasie. The main conclusion of the research is that effectively implementing sustainable development policy largely depends on the awareness and involvement of local authorities. The paper shows that in many municipalities, economic, social and environmental development factors aren’t balanced. Moreover, sustainable development programming and activity should improve the quality of life for inhabitants, but they often fail to leave the planning stage.

The October 1905 pogroms and the Russian authorities

This article analyzes the October 1905 pogroms in the Russian Empire. It explores the reasons for the pogroms, the perpetrators, the victims, and the consequences for the Jewish population. The article shows the differences and peculiarities of the pogroms, which occurred in the cities and shtetls, rural areas, on the railroads, and in the ports. The article also explores the attitude and involvement of the higher and local authorities, police, and troops in the pogroms. Historians continue to debate whether these pogroms occurred spontaneously or were organized by the Tsarist authorities. This article provides considerable evidence that the October 1905 pogroms were not a spontaneous reaction of conservatives to the revolutionary events, but rather was the policy of the Russian government directed toward the suppression of the revolutionary movement.

LO SPIN-OFF UNIVERSITARIO “URBAN LAB S.R.L.” STRUMENTI E METODI PER LE TRASFORMAZIONI URBANE IN PPP

The LaborEst has made available in to the territory, the enormous expertise and the scientific production with the intention of encourage and achieve virtuous processes for the territorial development, since its establishment. This action was carried out, always, by the involvement of local authorities, by trade associations and other stakeholders, working in the Calabria area, and more specifically, in the Metropolitan Area of the Strait. In this scenario, among other initiatives, starts the spin-off UrbanLab s.r.l, an initiative in the area of construction services companies to develop methods and models to support the sustainability research and the feasibility of urban transformation projects. These methods and models can be implemented in public-private partnership, offering an innovative service characterized by an economic-estimate service, computerised systems and related to feasibility and pre-feasibility studies. DOI: http://dx.medra.org/10.19254/LaborEst.09.15

Payments for ecosystem services from watershed protection: A methodological assessment of the Oasis Project in Brazil

This study evaluates the methodology of payment for ecosystem services (PES) adopted in the Oasis Project in order to compensate landowners that voluntarily accept to conserve natural forest areas associated with watershed protection, with special focus on the experience of Apucarana, in the state of Parana, Brazil. It is argued that the establishment of a payment scheme combining the opportunity cost of land and indices for the quality and quantity of conservation (considering water resources, natural areas conservation, and best agricultural practices) guarantees more efficiency in terms of the conservation area that can be achieved using the same financial resources. This study also discusses other conditions for the successful implementation of new PES opportunities in Brazil, such as the involvement of local authorities, monitoring, and sources of funding.

A Place-Based Approach in EU Regional Development and Its Application in Latvia

Abstract The EU’s regional development policy is gradually moving from the redaction of regional disparities towards regional development growth. The role and involvement of regional and local authorities in regional development policy is increasing. Global changes and challenges call for a growing need to develop more efficient regional development policy instruments that would result in growth and increased quality> of life. Place-based approach is a strategic approach aimed at the development of territorial resources. The aim of this research is to evaluate the role of place-based approach in regional development, to identify and assess the main elements and opportunities brought by the implementation of such an approach.

Enhancing Cross-Border Cooperation through Local Actors’ Involvement. The Case of Tourism Cooperation in Bihor (Romania) – Hajdú-Bihar (Hungary) Euroregion

For centuries, borders have been considered as firm lines legitimating and defending the essence of the nation-state. However, present times report a redefinition of the role and importance of the border and of the border regions. At European level, the emergence and development of a common European policy have fostered cross-border cooperation (CBC) and self-governance through an increased involvement of local authorities and communities. The paper investigates, both theoretically and based on an empirical quantitative and qualitative research, the role and effectiveness of CBC cooperation in tourism sector in Bihor – Hajdú-Bihar Euroregion.

Broadband as Civic Infrastructure: The Australian Case

Australian municipal governments have lagged behind many of their international counterparts in local public broadband provision. However, by 2014 there are signs that the gap is closing, with significant new investment in public wi-fi by city governments across Australia. This article contextualises the current interest in public wi-fi by analysing international developments in municipal broadband and the spasmodic involvement of Australian local authorities in this field. We argue that the rhetoric of broadband as a ‘fourth utility’ unduly prioritises the role of higher governments in Australia, constraining a full exploration of how broadband might be imagined as a form of civic infrastructure.

Empowering smallholder rice farmers in Tanzania to increase productivity for promoting food security in Eastern and Southern Africa

Despite low rice yield levels in Tanzania, the country is the leading producer in Eastern and Southern Africa. Given that this business is dominated by smallholder farmers and that the country is endowed with extensive landscapes suitable for rice production coupled with a high domestic and foreign potential market, there is an urgent need to enhance the yield as a key to promote food security from household to national and international levels. This paper seeks to demonstrate the importance of empowering smallholder farmers as a strategy for identifying and applying improved rice husbandry technologies in a holistic and integrated manner by employing a Farmer Field School (FFS) approach. The study was conducted in two sample villages, namely Kipera Njiapanda in the Morogoro region and Bwawani Visegese in the Pwani region, where culturally and ecologically rice is grown. The FFS approach was applied with the involvement of smallholders and local authorities to develop innovative ways to increase yield and promote food security. Data and information on current rice farming practices were collected using FFS participants and qualitatively analyzed at each rice production stage. Findings revealed that farmers’ socioeconomic conditions varied, thus reflecting differences in farm size, crop husbandry and associated yield as well as in non-market production along with consumption and/or market exchange. The FFS approach demonstrated that community participatory processes have the capacity to create conducive conditions for empowering smallholders to identify their rice production problems and opportunities related to access to technical and financial support in the realm of seedbed preparation and irrigation, including pest and disease control and crop marketing. The FFS approach is a robust tool for the identification of problems/challenges as well as pertinent opportunities to increase rice yield and promote food security. The paper calls for support from development partners in managing the rice production systems at all stages in the production cycle given the current potential of both the smallholder farmers and the arable land to increase rice yield, reduce poverty and promote food security at household, national and international levels.

Broadband as Civic Infrastructure - The Australian Case

Australian municipal governments have lagged behind many of their international counterparts in local public broadband provision. However, by 2013 there are clear signs that the gap is closing, with a significant upsurge of investment in public Wi-Fi by city governments across Australia. This article contextualises current interest in public Wi-Fi by analysing international developments in municipal broadband and the spasmodic involvement of Australian local authorities in this field. We argue that the rhetoric of broadband as a ‘fourth utility’ unduly prioritises the role of higher governments in Australia, constraining a full exploration of how broadband might be imagined as a form of civic infrastructure.

Land Grabbing as a Threat to the Right to Self-Determination: How Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources Limits States’ Involvement in Large-Scale Transfers of Land

This article examines the legal connections between the modern phenomenon of ‘land grabbing’ – large-scale acquisitions of land rights by foreign investors – and the human right to self-determination. It is argued that the right to self-determination and in particular the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources cannot only be invoked by one State against another, but also by the people against its own government, thus legally binding all States involved in the process. The basic premise shall not be that land grabbing is per se illegal; it depends on how it is performed. The right to self-determination and the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources bring along important restrictions that States have to honour. Governments should develop their foreign investment relations in a way that ensures the human rights of their populations, especially given the fact that in this respect business corporations are not bound by any hard international law. The regulation of the investment is an important factor: transparency and involvement of local authorities at the planning stage, as well as the participation in the investment’s benefits help to ensure that a people is not deprived of its own means of subsistence.

Resilience or relief: Canada's response to global disasters

As disasters are poised to increase in scope and frequency, it is appropriate and timely to examine the Canadian government's approach to the humanitarian challenge of global disasters through the lens of Canada's commitments to global disaster risk reduction. This article will argue, in accordance with the broad principles of disaster risk reduction (DRR) elaborated through the UNISDR process, that Canada's disaster response should pay greater attention to the need for resilience. Resilience-oriented assistance is tasked with helping communities to reduce vulnerabilities and risk by preparing for future disasters. Although it is not incompatible with relief, an orientation of resilience does contrast with one of relief in terms of the allocation of resources, the involvement of local authorities, and the underlying purpose of disaster response. Canada's recent response to the 2010 earthquake in Haiti is used to analyse the way in which disasters are framed in Canadian foreign policy, the way in which competing frames affect the provision of disaster assistance, and the effects of this framing on the recipients of disaster assistance.

Implementing a maternal mortality surveillance system in Morocco – challenges and opportunities

To describe the development of the maternal death surveillance system (MDSS) in Morocco and discuss the initial results. The nationwide MDSS was implemented in 2009 with the involvement of health professionals and local authorities. It comprises (i) notification of all deaths of women of reproductive age (from 15 to 49years); (ii) a preliminary survey to identify pregnancy-related deaths; (iii) a confidential enquiry into all pregnancy-related deaths. The information thus obtained describes socio-demographic characteristics of the women, their obstetric and medical history, the mode of delivery, its follow-up and the medical cause of death. From 1st of January 2009 to 31st of December 2009, 3814 deaths of women of reproductive age were recorded, and a total of 436 pregnancy-related deaths were identified, with 73.4% of those occurring in health facilities. Among the 313 reviewed records, 80.8% were direct obstetric deaths, and 13.5% were classified as indirect. Haemorrhage was the first direct obstetric cause of death (33%). Heart disease was the main indirect obstetric cause of death (39% of indirect causes). The Moroccan MDSS is a powerful tool for understanding the causes and circumstances of maternal deaths. However, challenges remain regarding the full coverage of the system, the decentralisation of the data entry and analysis and the completeness of medical records.