Margin Of Lobe Research Articles

Discovery of the enigmatic taeniopterid plant Ilfeldia from the lower Permian of North China and its palaeophytogeographical implications

ABSTRACT The recognition of plant biogeographic ranges over time and migration routes is crucial for understanding ancient global plate tectonic configurations. This paper deals with a new fossil plant from the uppermost part of the Taiyuan Formation (earliest Asselian) in the Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China. It has a taeniopterid morphology comprising strap-shaped leaves with a prominent midrib and arching secondary veins, and it exhibits dimorphism between its fertile and vegetative leaves. The fertile leaf has a slightly lobed margin, with each lateral vein terminating in a marginal lobe that bears a synangium. Each synangium consists of primarily two, occasionally three, oval sporangia. Based on these distinctive characteristics it is identified as a new species of Ilfeldia. Previously, Ilfeldia had a highly restricted record in the Upper Pennsylvanian of Portugal and Germany into the lower Permian of Germany. The sedimentary and floral context suggests Ilfeldia was a xerophilous element that underwent long-distance dispersal during the Late Pennsylvanian to earliest Asselian, migrating from Gondwana (Iberia) to Cathaysia (North China) via Euramerica (Eastern Avalonia). The palaeogeographical distribution over time of Ilfeldia supports the continental model of the Wegenerian Pangaea configuration and underscores the continental connection between Euramerica and Cathaysia in the Late Pennsylvanian.

8465 Diagnostic Conundrum: The Mystery of Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Cancer with Persistently Elusive Thyroglobulin

Abstract Disclosure: P. Vemparala: None. M. Bollineni: None. Introduction- Among endocrine malignancies, differentiated thyroid cancers account for the majority with most of them boasting a favorable prognosis. Thyroglobulin, a pivotal biochemical marker, aids in detecting recurrence or persistent disease when combined with neck ultrasound, I-131 scintigraphy, and FDG PET scans. Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, found in a quarter of cases, can falsely lower serum thyroglobulin levels in immunometric assays. Our intriguing case features a patient with metastatic papillary thyroid cancer, yet thyroglobulin levels persistently eluded detection. CASE PRESENTATION- A 33-year-old female presented initially to an outside facility with neck swelling, leading to a diagnosis of a 4 x 3 cm papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in the right lobe and a 0.5 x 0.5 cm focus of PTC in the left lobe, accompanied by capsular extension, malignant cells in the left lobe margin, and lymphovascular invasion. After total thyroidectomy and lymph node exploration, radioactive iodine scan detected disease in right-sided lymph nodes, treated subsequently with radioactive iodine ablation. Two years later, she presented to our clinic with neck swelling, voice changes, and fatigue. Thyroglobulin level was measured which returned at <0.1 ng/ml, however thyroglobulin antibodies were elevated at 292 IU/ml, albeit decreased from a value of 431.5 IU/ml at initial diagnosis. Elevated thyroglobulin antibodies complicated interpretation, prompting liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for accurate measurement of thyroglobulin, which returned at <0.5 ng/ml. Ultrasound indicated metastatic disease in right cervical lymph nodes, confirmed by fine needle aspiration. In-office ultrasound-guided FNA of additional nodes validated metastasis. Modified radical neck dissection revealed metastatic PTC in 7 out of 34 lymph nodes. Surprisingly, thyroglobulin levels remained <0.5 ng/ml, pre- and post-operatively. Referred for radioactive iodine ablation, her complex journey underscored the challenges in monitoring thyroid cancer recurrence or persistent disease with thyroglobulin levels even by methods such as mass spectrometry. Conclusion- Key learnings from this case highlight the importance of cognizance in utilizing thyroglobulin levels to guide adjuvant therapy decisions and for postoperative monitoring in high risk patients, as low levels do not rule out recurrence or persistence. Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies pose challenges, necessitating techniques like LC-MS. Finally, recognizing “nonsecretor” thyroid cancers, an aggressive subgroup with poorer prognosis, is vital as they often present with low or undetectable thyroglobulin levels. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Magma solidification effects during sill emplacement: Insights from laboratory experiments

Igneous sills and interconnected sill complexes transport magma both vertically through the Earth's crust and laterally over potentially long distances. Although cooling and solidification of magma are acknowledged to play a major role in the propagation and emplacement of sills, their contributions to sill formation remain poorly understood. Here, the effects of solidification on sill propagation dynamics and the resulting intrusion morphologies are investigated using scaled laboratory experiments. Molten coconut oil (magma analogue), which solidifies during emplacement, is injected directly into the horizontal interface between two layers of a colder, layered, solid visco-elasto-plastic gel (Laponite RD®, host rock analogue) to facilitate sill formation. The injection temperature and volumetric flow rate of the coconut oil, and the temperature of the host material, are varied between experiments to control the relative degree of solidification. When solidification effects are relatively weak, corresponding to high injection temperatures, sill propagation is continuous and forms penny-shaped intrusions that later turn into saucer-shaped sills with marginal segmentation. Conversely, when solidification effects are intermediate to relatively strong, corresponding to lower injection temperatures, sills develop complex elongate morphologies that lengthen parallel to the long-axis of the magma flow direction. Such sills also form in a discontinuous manner and propagate in pulses by growth of discrete marginal lobes, representing periods of tip arrest due to freezing, followed by growth of new lobes at the sill margins. A striking morphological feature that occurs in experiments with intermediate to relatively strong solidification effects is the presence of internal flow channels within sills, which can be: (a) thermally controlled, long-lived channels in experiments with intermediate solidification effects; or (b) structurally controlled, randomly oriented short-lived channels in experiments with relatively strong solidification effects. Our experimental findings are consistent with field and seismic observations of sill geometries, and they highlight that the relative degree of solidification during magma emplacement controls both how sills propagate and their internal flow dynamics.

The Fingerprint of Scalp-EEG in Drug-Resistant Frontal Lobe Epilepsies.

Scalp-EEG incompletely covers the frontal lobe cortex. Underrepresentation of frontobasal or frontomesial structures, fast ictal spreading, and false lateralization impede scalp-EEG interpretation. Hence, we investigated the significance of scalp-EEG in the presurgical workup of frontal lobe epilepsy. Using descriptive statistical methods and Pearson chi-squared test for group comparisons, we retrospectively investigated postsurgical outcome, interictal epileptiform discharges (iiEDs), and electrographic seizure patterns on scalp-EEG in 81 consecutive patients undergoing resective epilepsy surgery within the margins of the frontal lobe. Postoperatively, patients with frontopolar iiEDs (n = 7) or concordant frontopolar iiED focus and seizure-onset (n = 2) were seizure free (n = 7/7, Engel Ia). MRI-positive patients with frontopolar iiEDs or frontopolar seizure-onset (n = 1/8 Engel Id, n = 7/8 Engel Ia) underwent surgery without stereo-EEG. Thirteen of 16 patients with frontolateral (n = 8/10, Engel Ia), or left frontobasal (n = 5/6, Engel Ia) seizure-onset undergoing further stereo-EEG, were seizure-free postoperatively. Seizure-onset prevalent over one electrode (n = 37/44 Engel I, p = 0.02), fast activity (FA)/flattening at seizure-onset (n = 29/33 Engel I, p = 0.02), FA/flattening during the seizure (n = 38/46 Engel I, p = 0.05), or focal rhythmic sharp-/spike-/polyspike-and-slow waves during the seizure (n = 24/31, Engel Ia, p = 0.05) were favorable prognostic markers. Interictal polyspike waves (p = 0.006 for Engel Ia) and interictal paroxysmal FA (p = 0.02 for Engel I) were unfavorable prognostic markers. Frontopolar scalp-EEG findings serve as biomarkers for predicting favorable surgical outcome in lesional frontal lobe epilepsy. Consequently, careful analysis of scalp-EEG assists in bypassing stereo-EEG in these patients.

An Advanced Case of TMJ Osteoarthritis

Advanced temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis can present with several complications, including synovial cyst formation. Through this work , we present a case of a 69-year-old patient with bilateral painful swelling in the parotid regions, he previously operated for goiter in 2003 without any complications. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral temporomandibular joint effusion with a cystic formation on the left, extending from the posterior border of the masseter muscle to the anterior margin of the superficial lobe of the parotid gland, communicating with the joint space. Additionally, there were findings of TMJ irregularities, condylar degeneration, and contrast-enhancing synovial thickening indicative of osteoarthritis. Computed tomography (CT) complement highlighted bilateral condylar flattening with joint space narrowing and osteoarthritic changes

First record of the genus Chinapotamon Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae) from northern Vietnam with description of one new species

Our recent surveys in North Vietnam found three species of the potamid genus Chinapotamon Dai & Naiyanetr, 1994. Two species may be identified as species described from Southern China, C. depressum (Dai, Song, Li & Liang, 1980) and C. pusillum (Song, 1984), and one species is new to science. The new species can be distinguished from other congeners by its smaller carapace size, more subquadrate carapace, strongly convex and rugose carapace dorsal, low epigastric and postorbital cristae, high epibranchial tooth, deep notch between epibranchial tooth and anterolateral margin, deep concavity between frontal margin lobes, stout last ambulatory merus, narrow telson, slender gonopod 1 terminal segment bent at about 10° inwards and a relatively short gonopod 2. It is the first record of this genus in Vietnam. The present study raises the total number of freshwater crab species belonging to Potamidae in Vietnam to 60.

Aspidistra luofushanensis (Asparagaceae), a new species from Guangdong, China

Aspidistra luofushanensis, a new species of Asparagaceae from northeast Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically it is similar to A. punctata but can be distinguished by the suberect or slightly inward bending perianth lobes, pollen sacs facing upwards, umbrella-like pistil, upper surface white to light purplish red of sigma with margin lobes revolute. The morphology, pollen morphology and color plates are provided for comparison.

A New Gonolobus Species (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) from Sinaloa, Mexico

In this study a new species of Gonolobus, G. villasenorii, is described. It is endemic to Sinaloa, Mexico, distributed in the Sierra Madre Occidental in pine–oak forest. This species is characterized by the presence of lanceolate sepals, margin of the corolla lobes with a whitish-green callus, without being cristate, and anthers with rectangular dorsal appendages. The new species is compared to Gonolobus chloranthus and Gonolobus erianthus. Gonolobus grandiflorus, Gonolobus incerianus, and Gonolobus lozadae are species with which it shares reticulate corollas and flowers more than 2 cm in diameter. A detailed description of the new species includes data on its habitat, ecology, phenology, conservation status, a distribution map, and a section where the new species is compared with similar species and how to recognize it.

Assessing the Effect of Chest Orientation on Pulmonary Pressure Under Free Field Shock Waves: A Numerical Analysis

Purpose This study explores how thoracic orientation affects lung pressure and injury outcomes from shock waves, building on earlier research that suggested human posture impacts injury severity. Methods A layered finite element model of the chest was constructed based on the Chinese Visual Human Dataset (CVH), which includes the rib layer and intercostal muscle layer. The dynamic response of the chest under 12 different angles oriented shock waves under incident pressures of 200kPa and 500kPa was calculated. The correspondence between lung pressure at different angles, chest wall motion velocity and lung stress, and differences in pressure/stress of lung tissue behind ribs and intercostal muscle were analyzed. Results The dynamic response of the chest can be roughly divided into four processes. High local intrapulmonary pressure areas were primarily in the anterior lobe margin and lung's central region. A 500kPa incident wave at 0° could cause slight lung injury, whereas at 240°, the pressure was non-harmful. Lung tissue pressure and stress induced by chest wall movement were significantly higher behind the intercostal muscles than behind the ribs, with a difference of about 2-3 times. Conclusions This layered model provides a cost-effective tool for large-scale shock wave impact simulations on the chest. Chest wall movement velocity strongly correlates with lung stress distribution. The significant density and sound velocity differences among ribs, intercostal muscles, and lungs cause an acoustic impedance mismatch, leading to “striped bleeding” marks in post-impact lungs. This research enhances understanding of chest and lung injury mechanisms and informs the development of protective measures.

Sedimentary architecture of submarine lobes affected by bottom currents: Insights from the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa

AbstractThe influence of bottom currents on submarine channels has been widely recognized, for instance, by the formation of asymmetric channel‐levee systems and drifts. In contrast, it is often considered that submarine lobes can be only reworked by strong bottom currents and are not affected by bottom currents during their deposition. In this study, we analyse the potential effect of bottom currents on different hierarchical lobe architectures that formed during the lower Oligocene in the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa. We characterize the stacking patterns, morphology and connectivity of different hierarchy lobes using well data and three‐dimensional seismic data. We found no direct influence of bottom currents on the lobe complexes and single lobes that show a unidirectional stacking pattern that is opposite to the direction of bottom currents. Lobe elements in single lobes display vertical accretion with no obvious relationship with bottom currents. Additionally, the first deposited single lobe morphology presents an asymmetric shape, with a thicker lobe margin on the downstream side of the bottom currents, but this is due to an initial low topography on the downstream side rather than bottom currents. The architectural distribution reflects that the topography present before the depositions of the submarine lobes was controlled by previous asymmetrical channel‐levee systems formed by the synchronous interaction of bottom currents and gravity flows. This asymmetric topography controls the subsequent deposition of lobes and results in the migration of single lobes in the upstream direction of bottom currents. Although weak to moderate bottom currents may not be able to substantially rework submarine lobes, our results demonstrate that they may control the geometry and evolution of submarine channels and thus indirectly affect the thickness and migration of lobes in more environments than previously thought.

Isolation and Macroscopic Characterization of Molase and Alginate Bacteria from Mangrove Sediments in Shrimp Ponds

Bacteria are microscopic organisms capable of thriving in various environments that support their growth, including mangrove sediment. Bacterial characteristics in mangrove sediment were examined using two different media: molasses and alginate. This process included preparing solid media, diluting sediment samples, isolating bacteria, and characterizing isolates. On molasses media (both Molasses Media I and Molasses Media II), bacteria generally displayed entire, undulate, and lobate margins, with diverse shapes (round, irregular, punctiform, rhizoid), colors (opaque, clear), and elevations (convex, flat, umbonate). On alginate media (Alginat Media I and Alginat Media II), after repetition, bacteria typically had entire and lobate margins, varied shapes (round, irregular, punctiform, rhizoid), colors (opaque, clear), and elevations (convex, flat, umbonate). Bacterial isolation utilized the spread plate technique on solid agar media, revealing higher colony growth on molasses media due to richer nutrients compared to alginate. Colony counts were determined via serial dilution, and bacteria displayed diverse macroscopic traits, evaluated using a comparison table considering colony margin, color, elevation, texture, and shape.

Two new species of Parahesione (Annelida: Hesionidae) associated with ghost shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) and their phylogenetic relationships.

Two new species of Hesionidae, Parahesione pulvinata sp. nov. and Parahesione apiculata sp. nov. are described based on materials collected at tidal flats in Okinawa (Japan) from burrows of the ghost shrimps Neocallichirus jousseaumei and Glypturus armatus. The two new species are characterized by having eight enlarged cirri, dorsal cirrophores with dorsal foliose lobe and biramous parapodia, and by lacking median antenna. Parahesione apiculata sp. nov. has digitate lobes on the posterior margin of the dorsal foliose lobe (absent in P. pulvinata sp. nov.). The two new species were never found outside the ghost shrimp burrows, suggesting they are obligate symbionts. Phylogenetic analyses based on four concatenated genes suggest that the symbiotic lifestyle has evolved several times in Hesionidae.

Footprint of the Baltic Ice Stream: geomorphic evidence for shifting ice stream pathways

The Baltic Ice Stream, a large fast‐flowing sector of the last Fennoscandian Ice Sheet that occupied the present‐day Baltic Sea basin, was first conceptualized in the earliest days of glacial geological research in Scandinavia. Landform and sedimentological evidence from the terrestrial margins support the concept and numerical ice‐sheet models demonstrate its existence and possible evolution. However, with evidence for the Baltic Ice Stream thus far limited to the terrestrial periphery, its true form, scale, function, and role in deglaciation have proven enigmatic. Here we present geomorphological evidence directly from the Baltic seabed that confirms the existence of and sheds light on the behaviour of the Baltic Ice Stream. Based on an extensive collection of high‐, moderate‐ and low‐resolution bathymetric terrain models covering a large proportion of the Baltic Sea floor, and complemented by LiDAR‐data for the Baltic islands, we have identified and mapped >20 000 individual subglacial bedforms, meltwater landforms and grounding line landforms. We reconstruct a six‐stage sequence of ice flow and retreat, finding that streaming was persistent in the Baltic but that pathways were variable in extent, timing and duration: different sectors of the Baltic exhibit asynchronous streaming and out‐of‐phase grounding line changes. During deglaciation, grounding line re‐advances occurred in both the southwestern and the northern Baltic Proper, and, while abundant iceberg ploughmarks attest to calving as a significant ice loss mechanism, lobate margins suggest supply to the Baltic catchment was consistently high. Our reconstruction is limited by a fragmentary geomorphic record. Here we put forward a first hypothesis for how the Baltic Ice Stream evolved, and hope it stimulates new geomorphic, stratigraphical and core data collection to extend the landform record, provide insights into subglacial and grounding line processes, and constrain the chronology for Baltic Ice Stream flow and retreat.

SAT198 Parathyroid Adenoma Masquerading As A Thyroid Nodule

Abstract Disclosure: A. Arida: None. M. Papaleontiou: None. N. Esfandiari: None. Background: The diagnosis of parathyroid adenomas using a neck ultrasound (US) can be challenging when not performed by an experienced radiologist. Additional methods of diagnosis have been implemented to distinguish the differential diagnosis of a nodule in the neck. Clinical Case: A 48-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes, hypercalcemia, and kidney stones presented for evaluation of a lump in the neck of 5 years duration. Prior thyroid US showed a solid hypoechoic nodule superior to the left thyroid lobe measuring 2.2 x 1.2 x 1.1 cm with hypervascularity. Her first FNA biopsy of this nodule reported benign cytology 5 years ago. A parathyroid scintigraphy scan was negative. Repeat FNA biopsy of this nodule showed follicular lesion of undetermined significance (Bethesda category III). Surgical consultation was recommended but she decided to seek a second opinion. A repeat neck US identified a solid vascular 1.6 cm nodule along the anterior margin of the superior left thyroid lobe. Some vascularity was extending from the thyroid tissue into the nodule. It was noted that this may represent an extrathyroidal nodule or arise from the thyroid gland with a score of TIRADS 4. Laboratory tests confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism with an iPTH of 126 pg/mL (normal range, 10-65 pg/mL) and serum calcium of 10.9 mg/dL (normal range, 8.6-10.3 mg/dL). After normalizing vitamin D levels, these values remained elevated. A repeat FNA biopsy of this nodule showed evidence of intrathyroidal parathyroid tissue. Immunostains were performed on the cell block material from the FNA biopsy. Scattered groups of cells were positive for PTH while being negative for TTF-1. Further needle washout for iPTH measurement revealed an iPTH >2000 pg/mL confirming the diagnosis of a parathyroid adenoma. Parathyroid surgery was recommended as per guidelines. Discussion: Once primary hyperparathyroidism is confirmed, the localization of parathyroid adenoma is pursued by a neck US and/or parathyroid scintigraphy. Parathyroid glands are located in the superior poles and in the inferior poles of the thyroid gland but ectopic locations like retropharyngeal, intrathyroidal, and mediastinal are possible. Typical US appearance is oval, solid, well-circumscribed, homogenous, and hypoechoic compared to the thyroid tissue. The color Doppler shows that the blood supply enters at the center and distributes peripherally presenting a “vascular arch” pattern that helps differentiate them from other lesions such as tumors or lymph nodes where the distribution is more centralized. Further needle washout for PTH level can confirm the diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma. Once a parathyroid adenoma is confirmed, minimally invasive parathyroid surgery can be recommended if surgery is indicated. Conclusion: A needle washout for measuring PTH in an FNA biopsy sample should be recommended when it is unclear whether a nodule is a thyroid nodule or a parathyroid adenoma. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Transgenic sugarcane with higher levels of BRK1 showed improved drought tolerance.

Transgenic sugarcane overexpressing BRK1 showed improved tolerance to drought stress through modulation of actin polymerization and formation of interlocking marginal lobes in epidermal leaf cells, a typical feature associated with BRK1 expression under drought stress. BRICK1 (BRK1) genes promote leaf epidermal cell morphogenesis and division in plants that involves local actin polymerization. Although the changes in actin filament organization during drought have been reported, the role of BRK in stress tolerance remains unknown. In our previous work, the drought-tolerant Erianthus arundinaceus exhibited high levels of the BRK gene expression under drought stress. Therefore, in the present study, the drought-responsive gene, BRK1 from Saccharum spontaneum, was transformed into sugarcane to test if it conferred drought tolerance in the commercial sugarcane cultivar Co 86032. The transgenic lines were subjected to drought stress, and analyzed using physiological parameters for drought stress. The drought-induced BRK1-overexpressing lines of sugarcane exhibited significantly higher transgene expression compared with the wild-type control and also showed improved physiological parameters. In addition, the formation of interlocking marginal lobes in the epidermal leaf cells, a typical feature associated with BRK1 expression, was observed in all transgenic BRK1 lines during drought stress. This is the first report to suggest that BRK1 plays a role in sugarcane acclimation to drought stress and may prove to be a potential candidate in genetic engineering of plants for enhanced biomass production under drought stress conditions.

Rohdea chloroxantha (Asparagaceae), a new species from Southern Shaanxi, China

Rohdea chloroxantha, a new species from south-western Shaanxi (Zhenba county), China, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to R. pachynema in having slender subterranean stolons, but differs by the former having chartreuse flowers and thick fleshy perianth, the tube semi enclosed with fleshy appendages at orifice, lobe margin semi-transparent; appendage and stamens constituted a semi-closed small space, and wrap the pistil inside; filaments cylindrical and the base reniform in cross section.

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CASSAVA MUTANT GENOTYPES WITH HIGH LEAF MINERAL CONTENT AT THE MV10 GENERATION

Cassava leaves’ consumption as vegetables are common in several Asian countries. They contain various nutrients, such as, anthocyanins, carotene, minerals, and vitamins. New varieties with high mineral contents in leaves need development to increase the leaves’ quality as vegetables. This study aimed to identify and characterize cassava genotypes of the MV10 generation resulting from gammaray- induced mutations based on the leaves' morphology, growth characteristics, and mineral contents, using two cultivars and 10 cassava genotypes. All genotypes planted in a randomized complete block design had three replications. The leaf's morphology and mineral contents underwent scrutiny on the third to fifth leaf below the apical shoot. The mineral content analysis used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Data analysis comprised the ANOVA test and descriptive analysis. This study revealed petiole length, leaf lobe length, and leaf lobe width were significantly different between genotypes at four months after planting (MAP). However, no meaningful difference showed for the plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves among genotypes. In general, the leaf morphology consisted of purplish green apical leaves with present pubescence; the shape of the central leaflet is lanceolate; the petiole color is reddish to greenish; leaves are dark green with five to seven leaf lobes; leaf veins are reddish-green; smooth lobe margins; and horizontal petiole orientation. The genotypes affect mineral contents, as the genotype with the highest Mg contents was G6-2-15-5-3, and the one with the highest Zn contents was G2D1-422. Fe contents showed more variations between genotypes, and no genotype showed consistently high Fe contents. This research produced promising genotypes for Mg or Zn contents in leaves for future cassava varieties for vegetable production.

A control volume finite-element model for predicting the morphology of cohesive-frictional debris flow deposits

Abstract. To predict the morphology of debris flow deposits, a control volume finite-element model (CVFEM) is proposed, balancing material fluxes over irregular control volumes. Locally, the magnitude of these fluxes is taken proportional to the difference between the surface slope and a critical slope, dependent on the thickness of the flow layer. For the critical slope, a Mohr–Coulomb (cohesive-frictional) constitutive relation is assumed, combining a yield stress with a friction angle. To verify the proposed framework, the CVFEM numerical algorithm is first applied to idealized geometries, for which analytical solutions are available. The Mohr–Coulomb constitutive relation is then checked against debris flow deposit profiles measured in the field. Finally, CVFEM simulations are compared with laboratory experiments for various complex geometries, including canyon–plain and canyon–valley transitions. The results demonstrate the capability of the proposed model and clarify the influence of friction angle and yield stress on deposit morphology. Features shared by the field, laboratory, and simulation results include the formation of steep snouts along lobe margins.

A Rare Case of Muco-epidermoid Carcinoma Parotid in a 6-Year-Old Girl and Review of Literature.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the commonest malignant salivary gland tumor affecting the parotid gland in adults and children. In children and adolescents, there is a peak incidence in the second decade. We came across a 6-year-old girl with intermediate-grade MEC parotid gland, which is very unusual below 10 years of age. A global literature search revealed only 3 other similar cases in children below 10 years of age. She presented with a 2-year history of left parotid gradually increasing hard swelling involving the overlying skin and underlying sternocleidomastoid muscle which was confirmed on a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan of the face and neck as well as a core biopsy to be a MEC left parotid. The patient underwent a left radical parotidectomy sacrificing the main trunk of the facial nerve while carefully preserving its distal branches along with a left selective neck dissection (SND) followed by facial reanimation using primary neurorrhaphy. Histopathology confirmed an intermediate-grade MEC pT4aN2bMx with close deep lobe margin warranting adjuvant radiotherapy. Albeit very rare, salivary gland neoplasms may occur in children in the first decade of life. Appropriate planning regarding oncological resection with/without facial reanimation, appropriate rehabilitation followed by adjuvant treatment based on histopathology ensures a good prognosis.

Description of normal pulmonary radiographic findings in 55 apparently healthy juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii).

A total of 55 digital radiographic studies from 53 individual juvenile Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) were retrospectively used to determine the normal radiographic anatomy of the lower respiratory tract in sea turtles that had been stranded due to hook-and-line injury and were otherwise clinically healthy. There were three or four projections available for each study: dorsoventral (DV), rostrocaudal (RoCd), and left and/or right lateral. The DV and RoCd were most conducive for assessing global lung volume and symmetry of lung volume. The DV and lateral views were most helpful for evaluating the main bronchus and its branching channels and for assessing lung margination. The RoCd view was most useful for assessing the symmetry of the lung opacity. The lateral views were most helpful for assessing the ventral margin of each lung lobe. On the lateral view, the main bronchus lay ventrally and coursed horizontally through the lung from cranial to caudal. On the DV view, the bronchus lay medially and was observed to be curvilinear coursing caudomedially. On the RoCd view, the main bronchus was located ventromedially. The RoCd view demonstrated the channels and niches end-on resulting in a reticulated or honeycomb appearance. The channels were seen as uniform striations coursing perpendicular to the main bronchus on the lateral views (vertical striations coursing dorsal to ventral) and DV views (horizontal striations coursing medially to laterally).