Loading Port Research Articles

A biologic model for assessment of osseous strain patterns and plating systems in the human maxilla

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine a biomechanical model and to help answer fundamental questions that relate to rigid plate fixation in the maxilla. Specifically, we sought to elucidate the principal strain patterns generated in the maxilla secondary to masticatory forces as well as the amount of permanent deformational changes incurred due to these loading forces. Materials and Methods: Cadaveric heads with the mandible removed were defleshed and placed in a 2-part testing rig to hold and position the skull for testing in a standard material testing system. Rosette strain gages were attached at predefined points on the skull, and an Instron machine was used to load the skull through the loading port on the tray. A Le Fort I osteotomy was then performed on the skull, and a Walter Lorenz Ultra-Micro plating system was applied by a surgeon to reconnect the upper jaw. A 2-mm gap was left at the line of the osteotomy, and a transducer was attached to measure closure of the gap. Again the skull was loaded with the Instron (Canton, MA) machine. Results: The results indicate a linear relationship exists with both maximum (tensile) and minimum (compressive) strain patterns relative to incremental load placement on the intact maxilla. The strain patterns after the Le Fort I osteotomy and plating were different and less linear. The differential variable reluctance transducer data showed a low rate of closure or transient increase in the gap at low loads (0 to 15 kilopond [kp] range) and a steeper slope of closure during high loads (15 to 60 kp range). It is also evident that axial loading forces cause permanent deformation and failure of osseous plating systems predominantly through bending. Conclusions: This model provides a foundation of knowledge regarding biomechanical strains in the maxilla subjected to static compressive loads in the force range of mastication. In addition, it serves as a comparative reference to assess rigidity of various craniofacial plating systems and to validate proposed standardized synthetic models. With the advent of increasingly precise surgery and new plating systems, this model can be used to help guide placement and design of plating systems; thereby allowing for ideal stabilization and optimizing surgical outcome. © 2003 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:79-88, 2003

An improved formulation for bulk cargo ship scheduling with a single loading port

This paper presents an improved, significantly more efficient formulation of an existing model for bulk cargo or semi-bulk cargo ship scheduling problems with a single loading port. The original model, published by Ronen in 1986, was formulated as a non-linear, mixed integer program. In this work, the authors were able to re-formulate it into a linear one, by eliminating all the non-linearities of the original model. In addition, this model has far fewer integer variables than the original one. A numerical example has been given to illustrate the elimination of non-linearities and how 40 integer variables, in the original model, are reduced to just eight. This example also shows that this model is better at finding exact optimal solutions than the original one. It is also worth observing that the resulting model is a generalization of the ‘capacitated facility location problem’.

大形舶用ディーゼル機関におけるエンジントラブルシューティング

The ship have completed the docking survey at Singapore. After twenty hours in sailing for loading port, the main deisel engine occurred explosion in the scavenging air manifold. And then the main engine stopped by auto.device. But it was not re-start. Both of the aux. blowers damaged at impeller and casing. The ship was staying for a week at emergency anchorage. The aux, blowers changed completely with elect. Motors. It caused that much accumulated oily mist in the scavenging air manifold by the drain pipe be blockade was ignited.

Meeting the demand for rock armour and its grading specification

Abstract An analysis of tenders for contracts requiring armourstone issued since 1991 has been carried out. The results show the market size, the impact of major projects, the proportion of deliveries by sea and the extent to which the CIRIA/CUR specifications have been adopted. Proposals from the CEN armourstone committee regarding grading and shape are discussed, together with developments in quality control procedures at the loading port.

An optimization-based decision support system for ship scheduling

The bulk carriers in the world merchant fleet typically operate full between a loading and discharging port, then run empty until they reach the next loading port. The shipping rates of bulk trades are set on supply/demand bases and fluctuate considerably. Thus the proper scheduling of ships in bulk trade has the great potential of improving the owner's profit and economic performance of shipping. This paper considers an optimization-based Decision Support System for ship scheduling. The typical optimization models for scheduling the ships are briefly reviewed and classified by the underlying idea. Then a prototype MoDiSS(Model-based D SS in Ship Scheduling) which is based on a set-packing model has been developed on PC base with proper GUI. The performance of the system has been tested and examined using various ship scheduling scenarios and thereby the effectiveness of the system is validated satisfactorily.

A neural network approach to the vessel dispatching problem

The paper discusses the process of loading, transport and unloading of gravel by inland water transportation. At the loading port, the problem that needs to be solved is the assignment of load barges to pusher tugs for the planned period of one day. However, disturbances of planned schedules are very common. Whenever a disturbance in a daily schedule appears, the dispatcher urgently attempts to mitigate negative effects resulting from the disturbance. Real-time operations limit the amount of time that dispatchers in charge of traffic control have to make decisions and increase the level of stress associated with quick and adequate response. This paper aims to demonstrate the feasibility of a dispatch decision support system that could decrease the work load for the dispatcher and improve the quality of decisions. The proposed neural network with the ability to adapt or learn from examples of decisions can simulate the dispatcher's decision process.

Suggested Improvements to the ???Loading Port??? Method for Syringe Pumps

Suggested Improvements to the ???Loading Port??? Method for Syringe Pumps

Use of a ???Loading Port??? for Syringe Pumps

Use of a ???Loading Port??? for Syringe Pumps

A computer-controlled all-tantalum stopped-flow microcalorimeter with microjoule resolution

A new all-tantalum differential stopped-flow heat-conduction microcalorimeter with microjoule resolution has been developed. The instrument consists of two matched channels, each of which has two reagent inlet lines. A computer is used to process the data and control the syringe drive system which runs the samples through the calorimeter. The reagents are mixed in 0.6 s in ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:4, 1:5, or 1:10. The priming volume from the loading port to the mixer is 1 ml and the reaction volume of the detection tube is 160 μl. The instrument has a sensitivity of 1.60 J/V·s and a differential baseline stability of 100 nJ/s (p-p) over a 4 h period. The sample size can be reduced to 27 μl with only a 12% loss in sensitivity. With an electrical step power input, the 10–90% response is 40 s. By using a data decomposition scheme, the response time can be improved to 1 s which allows the direct measurement of moderately fast reaction kinetics. With water/water mixes, differential heats of mixing are typically (±) 2 μJ with a standard deviation of (±) 2.5 μJ. Reaction heats in the 20–50 μJ range can be measured with a standard deviation of (±) 3 μJ. A fast reaction, e.g. HCl dilution, can be completed in 150 s. When loading and priming times are included, 25 reactions can be completed in 120 min. A chilled water jacket is used to allow operation over a temperature range of 4°C to 50°C.

Effects of Sewage Dumping on Macrobenthic Invertebrates in the Jordan Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea

AbstractThere are two sewage outfalls along the Jordanian coastline in the Gulf of Aqaba. During 1982 and 1983 a total of 328 core samples (0.01 m2 to a depth of 15 cm) were collected from the two outfalls, two control stations which resemble the outfalls in depth and sediment texture, and from two stations 100 m on both sides of each outfall. Faunal analysis revealed that the total number of individuals, number of species, species richness, and faunal similarities of macrobenthic invertebrates were lower at the sewage outfall near the phosphate loading port than the control station during both collections. At the 100 m stations, the numbers of individuals were generally higher than the sewage and control stations. The number of species, however, was highest at the control station and lowest at the sewage outfall.At the other sewage outfall, where the sewage effluent is discharged sporadically, no measurable effects on macrobenthic invertebrates were found.

The industrial production of high quality nickel-chromium resistors with controlled temperature coefficients of resistance

Improvements in the coating of the bulk material used for Ni-Cr resistors can be achieved by using a loading port system in the sputtering technique. A reduction of the tolerances of all of the important parameters of the deposited films in one batch and from batch to batch is possible. This has always been a problem with other standard procedures. The temperature coefficients of resistance in the investigated range of surface resistance between 40 and 400 Ω are less than 30 ppm K -1, the standard deviation of the surface resistance and the temperature coefficient for the highest resistivity value in one batch being 30 Ω and 9 ppm K -1 respectively. The concept of this plant which was developed for industrial use is described. The annealing, long-time stability, reproducibility and film homogeneity of the resistors are also reported.