Loaded Sodium Alginate Research Articles

Mucoadhesive microparticles as potential carriers in inhalation delivery of doxycycline hyclate: a comparative study

The present work compares and evaluates the suitability of different polymer-based microparticles for inhalation delivery of doxycycline hyclate. Mucoadhesive polymers, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, and carbopol were selected as carriers for inhalation delivery. Microparticles were prepared by spray drying and evaluated in terms of yield, moisture content, morphology, tapped density, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro mucoadhesion, thermal properties and in vitro aerosolization performance. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the microparticles on H1299 human alveolar cell line was examined. Smooth spherical to collapsed doughnut shaped particles were formed. They exhibited tap densities of 0.202–0.502g/cm3 and mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.74–6.54μm. Mucoadhesion was highest in case of carbopol-based microparticles. Drug release from these microparticles exhibited biphasic Fickian type of diffusion. Only at the highest concentration of microparticles (1mg/mL) less than 90% cell viability was seen in DX loaded sodium alginate microparticles (DXSA, 87.2%), starch microparticles (DXST, 85.1%) and carbopol microparticles (DXCP, 82.7%) preparations after 48h of exposure to alveolar cells. The results clearly indicate that sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-based microparticles may serve as an ideal carrier for inhalation delivery of doxycycline hyclate.

Development and Evaluation of Novel Polymeric Nanoparticles of Brimonidine Tartrate

Micro and nanoparticulate carriers have been in focus in ophthalmic drug delivery with the objective of improving bioavailability, drug targeting and reducing pulse entry of the drug in ocular cul de sac. Polymeric nanoparticles for ocular purpose have potential in reducing the pulse entry and frequency of dosing, thus improving patient compliance. In the present study, mucoadhesive sodium alginate nanoparticles were developed for Brimonidine Tartrate (BT) as a model antiglaucoma drug by controlled ionic gelation technique. These nanoparticles would not only prolong drugs residence time but also reduce pulse entry in cul de sac. Nanoparticles were evaluated for morphology, surface characteristics, drug polymer interactions, particle size, polydispersibility index, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release profile and in vivo efficacy. The effect of various stabilizers on stabilization of blank and drug loaded nanoparticles was investigated. Irregular shape and loss of crystallinity for BT loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles was observed by TEM and SEM images respectively. IR spectra and DSC thermograms revealed the physicochemical interaction was involved during sodium alginate nanoparticle formation and entrapment of BT. The developed nanoparticles have average particle size of 450nm with PI 0.65, the entrapment efficiency ranged from 4-18 % and zeta potential values ranged from -27.5 mV to -24.1 mV. In vitro release profile showed a gradual drug release over the period of 3 hrs. In-vivo experiments showed that it was possible to prolong the drug release over a period of 8 hr, on topical instillation of BT loaded nanoparticles to albino rabbits, hence reducing the dosage frequency.

New packaging strategies to preserve fresh-cut artichoke quality during refrigerated storage

The influence of both post-harvest treatments and film permeability on the quality loss kinetic of minimally processed artichokes is assessed in this study. In particular, fresh-cut artichoke heads were subjected to dipping in citric acid/calcium chloride water solution, and coating with citric acid loaded sodium alginate, respectively. Three different packaging materials were used: a polyester-based biodegradable film, an aluminum-based multilayer film, and a commercially available oriented polypropylene film. Artichokes quality loss kinetic during storage was determined by monitoring produce appearance, weight loss, pH, and viable cell load of the main spoilage microorganisms. Results suggest that among the selected treatments, coating shows the best performance in terms of artichokes shelf life. As far as the packaging material is concerned, the biodegradable film tested in this work seems to be the most suitable packaging to preserve the quality of the coated fresh-cut produce. Industrial relevance: Fresh-cut vegetables market has grown rapidly in recent years as a result of changes in consumer attitudes. There is a real need to find methods for preservation of minimally processed food products that can gain widespread acceptance by the industry. This paper suggests effective packaging solutions to delay the quality decay kinetic of fresh-cut artichokes. Moreover, the present study proposes a new “green packaging system” that could emphasize the relevance of the obtained results due to the increased attention to the environmental impact.

Dynamics of Controlled Release of Potassium Nitrate from a Highly Swelling Binary Biopolymeric Blend of Alginate and Pectin

Novel polymeric sodium alginate (Na‐Alg) beads have been prepared by crosslinking Na‐Alginate–pectin blend using CaCl2 as a crosslinking agent to form biopolymeric beads. A series of beads of varying composition were prepared by varying the amounts of sodium alginate, pectin and CaCl2 in the feed mixture. These beads were loaded with KNO3 taking as a model agrochemical and used for release of KNO3. The prepared unloaded and loaded sodium alginate and pectin beads were characterized by FTIR spectral and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques to investigate the molecular structure and morphology of beads, respectively. The swelling experiments were performed for different compositions of beads and at varying pH and temperature of the aqueous media. The release of KNO3 was investigated for 8 days in 25 ml of distilled water as a release medium. The release experiments were performed under static and varying experimental conditions and the release data obtained conductometrically were fitted to Ficks equation to evaluate diffusion coefficients of released potassium nitrate. The release results were further analyzed by Ficks power law equation, and the possible mechanisms of KNO3 release were explored at different experimental conditions.

Effect of Various Excipients on Theophylline-loaded Alginate Beads Prepared by Ionic Cross Linking Technique

Theophylline loaded sodium alginate beads were prepared by ionic cross linking technique using calcium chloride (CaCl2) as cross linking agents. The purpose of this work was to prepare sodium alginate beads as a device for the extended release of theophylline. Different excipients like sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol 4000, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, Eudragit L 100 and sodium lauryl sulphate were used to fabricate theophylline-alginate beads and their effect on drug release were investigated. In this study, the beads were characterized and evaluated in respect to their surface morphology, swelling index (SI) and in-vitro release characteristics. Beads were prepared by dropping a hot aqueous theophylline-alginate or theophylline-alginate-excipient solution into electrolyte solution. Alginate cross linked with electrolytes and beads were formed with entrapped drug. Beads were collected by decanting the solution and dried at room temperature. Surface of beads with various excipients revealed that smooth, dense and closely packed drug-polymer bonding was obtained when the excipients were changed. Beads in F 1 contain Eudragit L 100 that swelled highest at 3 hours with SI of 10.74 %. Sodium starch glycolate beads (F 4) swelled high up to 9.93 % at 2 hours. Dissolution studies were carried out in 900 ml of distilled water for 8 hours. Most of the formulations were fitted to Higuchi model. The drug release rate are shown in decreasing order: Eudragit L 100>Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose> Sodium lauryl sulphate> Sodium starch glycolate>Hydroxy propyl methylcellulose 5 cps>Polyethylene glycol 4000. The use of Eudragit L 100 was found to be promising because it released about 69 % of theophylline within 8 hours. It was found that among the hydrophilic polymers used, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose showed 49 % theophylline release within 8 hours. The lowest amount of drug release was found with HPMC 5 cps and PEG 4000 which was about 26 % of drug release. Key words: Theophylline; ionic cross-linking technique; sodium alginate beads; swelling index; release kinetics. DOI: 10.3329/dujps.v9i1.7425 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 9(1): 15-22 2010 (June)