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DHCP DoS and starvation attacks on SDN controllers and their mitigation

Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology offers possibilities to improve network administration through a separate central controller for network switching devices. However, security in SDN is a critical issue and SDN faces new challenges due to shared protocols, inherits flaws from traditional networks and control flexibility. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a crucial protocol for SDN, but DHCP itself poses a security risk to SDN. In our study we performed security analysis for DHCP attacks on RYU, OpenDaylight and Floodlight, three popular SDN controllers. Our research demonstrates that they are vulnerable to starvation attacks and denial of service attacks by flooding DHCP discovery messages, slowing down networks and overloading controllers. In order to address these problems, we looked at state-of-the-art DHCP security approaches and evaluated their performance on these SDN controllers. We proposed and implemented a DHCP security algorithm on the RYU controller based on our analysis. Our solution utilize flexibility of SDN controller to identify discovery flood packets and verify authentic hosts to mitigate effects of DHCP attacks. Furthermore, the proposed solution transfers the authentic flows to switch for reduction in controller load. We demonstrate that without significant computational load the suggested method successfully rejects malicious DHCP packets, restores the IP address pool, and mitigates the harmful network consequences of DHCP-related attacks. The proposed solution improves the throughput by 3.6 times, transferred data by 66.8%, CPU usage by 93.9% and packet loss by 95% compared to the conventional RYU controller.

Controller Location and Load Balancing Integrated Solution

The usage of multi-controller SDNs is currently the most efficient approach for constructing the core of communication networks of the fifth and following generations. One of the top priorities in the study of this topic is occupied by the optimisation of the network core construction since it involves relatively high expenses when developing communication networks of the fifth and future generations. Due to the complexity of the problems being tackled, there are currently a number of load balancing algorithms and algorithms for arranging controllers in multicontroller networks that are based on meta-heuristic methods. These algorithms allow for the optimum possible utilisation of controller resources in such networks. However, a comprehensive solution to the load balancing and controller placement issues has yet to be discovered. The answer to such an issue is the focus of this article. The report suggests using network clustering in conjunction with the meta-heuristic chaotic salp swarm technique, which has shown to be effective in prior research on the challenges of creating multi-controller networks, to accomplish this goal. The salp swarm algorithm in the paper is adjusted to take into account the integral solution to the problem of deploying controllers based on clustering of a multi-controller network and load balancing. By contrasting the simulation results with those from the well-known meta-heuristic particle swarm algorithms optimization and the grey wolf GWO, as well as the previous version of the chaotic salp swarm algorithm CSSA, the effectiveness of the proposed solution was evaluated.

Pt Nanoparticles Supported on Ultrathin Ni(OH)2 Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol

The synthesis of highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts with uniformly dispersed noble metal particles and a suitable size is crucial for various industrial applications. However, the high cost and rarity of noble metals limit their economic efficiency, making it essential to improve the catalytic performance with lower noble metal loading. Herein, a two-step method was developed for the synthesis of uniformly dispersed ~3 nm Pt nanoparticles (NPs), strongly anchored on Ni(OH)2 nanosheets (NSs), which was proven by adequate structural characterizations. XPS analysis demonstrated that Ni(OH)2 NSs with abundant oxygen vacancies provided sufficient anchor sites for Pt NPs and prevented their agglomeration. The catalytic performance of Ptn/Ni(OH)2 (n (represents the addition amount of Pt precursors during the synthesis, μmol) = 5, 10, 15, and 20) NSs with controllable Pt loading were evaluated via the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol as a model reaction. The Pt10/Ni(OH)2 NSs exhibited the best activity and stability, with a reaction rate constant of 0.02358 s−1 and negligible deterioration in ten reaction cycles. This novel synthetic method shows potentials for the synthesis of highly efficient noble-metal-supported catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis.

Correction to: LncRNA PSR Regulates Vascular Remodeling Through Encoding a Novel Protein Arteridin.

HomeCirculation ResearchAhead of PrintCorrection to: LncRNA PSR Regulates Vascular Remodeling Through Encoding a Novel Protein Arteridin Free AccessCorrectionPDF/EPUBAboutView PDFView EPUBSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload citationsTrack citationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InMendeleyReddit Jump toFree AccessCorrectionPDF/EPUBCorrection to: LncRNA PSR Regulates Vascular Remodeling Through Encoding a Novel Protein Arteridin Originally published23 May 2023https://doi.org/10.1161/RES.0000000000000612Circulation Research. 2023;0This article corrects the followingLncRNA PSR Regulates Vascular Remodeling Through Encoding a Novel Protein ArteridinIn the article by Yu et al. “LncRNA PSR Regulates Vascular Remodeling Through Encoding a Novel Protein Arteridin,” which published in the October 14, 2022 issue of the journal (Circ Res. 2022;131:768–787. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.321080), corrections were needed.It was brought to our attention that in the published manuscript, the Figure 8H contains a representative western blot image for SM22 and α-SMA. Unfortunately, the SM22 image was inadvertently duplicated with data for α-SMA during the final figure preparation. We would like to state that the representative α-SMA image in the revised Figure 8H was not obtained from the same membrane as the Calponin, SM22, and GAPDH blots. Since the molecular weights of the target genes are quite near (α-SMA 42 kDa, Calponin 35 kDa, SM22 22 kDa, and GAPDH 37 kDa), all blots were performed on the same set of samples but on separate individual membranes from parallelly prepared protein gels, except that the signals for SM22 and GAPDH were obtained from the same membrane transferred from the same gel. Therefore, no proper loading control for the α-SMA and Calponin signals in Figure 8H. An identical protocol was performed to ensure equal loading across different blots, and all uncropped blots were uploaded as Supplemental Material.This correction does not change the outcomes or interpretation of the observations made in the published manuscript. Therefore, the original description and conclusion of the published manuscript remain unaffected.In addition, we would like to add funding information at the beginning of the Sources of Funding section, “This work was supported in part by the Program of Innovative Research Team by National Natural Science Foundation (81721001)”.The authors apologize for the error.The corrected version of this article is available at https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/suppl/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.321080. Previous Back to top Next FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRelated articlesLncRNA PSR Regulates Vascular Remodeling Through Encoding a Novel Protein ArteridinJunyi Yu, et al. Circulation Research. 2022;131:768-787 Advertisement Article InformationMetrics © 2023 American Heart Association, Inc.https://doi.org/10.1161/RES.0000000000000612PMID: 37218531 Originally publishedMay 23, 2023 PDF download Advertisement

Role of Rho kinase & Rhotekin in the bitter melon extract mediated cytotoxic effects on human metastatic breast cancer cells

Introduction: Bitter melon extract (BME) is known to exhibit cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells (MCF-7). However, the molecular mechanisms by which BME exerts cytotoxic effects are not established. Aims: We aimed to investigate if BME exerts cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells via inhibiting Rho kinase (ROK) activity and Rhotekin expression. Both TOK and Rhotekin mediate several cellular processes such as cell division, attachment, migration etc. We hypothesized that BME exerts cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells by decreasing ROK activity and Rhotekin expression. Methods: Fresh bitter melons were purchased from an Asian grocery store and the extract (BME) was extracted, centrifuged, and filter sterilized. The MCF-7 cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 1% BME (v/v). After culturing cells for 48 hours, pictures of cultures were taken to confirm cytotoxic effects on cells. In our earlier experiments, BME induced decrease in cell viability was also confirmed using Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. The cells were harvested and changes in the protein expression of phospho-MYPT1 and Rhotekin were determined using anti-phospho-MYPT1 and anti- Rhotekin antibodies in the western blotting. Since ROK directly phosphorylates MYPT1, reduced expression of phospho-MYPT1 would indirectly suggest reduced ROK activity. Similarly, reduced expression of rhotekin is a downstream mediator of ROK activation pathway and reduced level of rhotekin would also contribute to the reduced viability of cells. Results & Discussion: BME exerted cytotoxic effects on MCF-cells (N=4). However, BME did not decrease expression levels of phospho-Thr 853-MYPT1 (N=3, duplicate gels). Also, BME did not affect Rhotekin expression (N=3, duplicate gels). Three different loading control proteins (actin, myosin lighta chain, and GAPDH) were used and none of them were affected by the BME. The data together rejects our hypothesis. In the future, we will be running more sets of experiments to confirm our findings. FRD-MUCOM. All authors contributed equally to this work. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Bitter melon extract affects cell-extracellular matrix interaction in human metastatic breast cancer cells

Introduction: Bitter melon extract (BME) is known to exhibit cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells (MCF-7). However, the molecular mechanisms by which BME exerts cytotoxic effects are not established. Integrins (which are transmembrane cell surface proteins) are universally expressed in all cell types and play critical roles in anchoring cells to the extracellular matrix and hence their survival. Integrin proteins when activated in turn activates a cascade of intracellular signaling steps (such as activation of focal adhesion kinase, FAK) which facilitates cell attachment, migration, survival, division etc. Aims: We aimed to investigate if BME exerts cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 cells via inhibiting attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix. We hypothesized that BME decreases expression of integrins and hence activation of FAK leading to cell cytoxicity. Methods: Fresh bitter melons were purchased from an Asian grocery store and the extract (BME) was extracted, centrifuged, and filter sterilized. The MCF-7 cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 1% BME (v/v). After culturing cells for 48 hours, pictures of cultures were taken to confirm cytotoxic effects on cells. In our earlier experiments, BME induced decrease in cell viability was also confirmed using Trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. The cells were harvested and changes in the protein expression of β1-integrin and phospho-FAK (activated FAK) were determined using anti-β1-integrin and anti-phospho-FAK antibodies in the western blotting. Results & Discussion: BME exerted cytotoxic effects on MCF-cells (N=4). BME also reduced expression level of β1-integrin protein by more than 50% (N=3 with duplicate gels). Also, BME reduced expression of phospho-Tyr 397-FAK to below 20% (N=3), and total FAK to below 40% (N=3). The loading control protein GAPDH was not affected by the BME treatment (N=3). The data together supports our hypothesis. In the future, we will be running more sets of experiments to confirm our findings. FRD-MUCOM. All authors contributed equally to this work. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

In-situ growth of g-C3N4 nanosheets on Nb2O5 nanofibers for enhanced performance in photocatalysis and lithium-sulfur battery

A Nb2O5/g-C3N4 composite with a controllable loading amount of g-C3N4 nanosheets is successfully prepared by a combination of electrospinning and the double crucible gas-solid reaction method. During the heat treatment process, the precursor molecules of melamine gas are in-situ polymerized on the surface of Nb2O5 nanofibers to form g-C3N4 nanosheets. The Nb2O5 nanofibers ultralong one-dimensional nanostructure can effectively avoid the aggregations of g-C3N4 and form tight heterojunction interfaces. The optimized Nb2O5/g-C3N4 composite material improved the photocatalytic activity for methylene blue degradation, with a rate constant twice that of Nb2O5 nanofibers and 3.8 times that of pure g-C3N4. Using the combination of DFT theoretical calculations and capture experiments, the transfer mechanism of the Nb2O5/g-C3N4 type-II heterojunction is confirmed. It was found that the d orbital of Nb and the p orbital of N were the main active site of the photocatalytic reaction. Meanwhile, the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery assembled with NOCN-8 as the host material exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 900 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, and its capacity decay rate was less than 0.1% after 500 cycles. It shows that NOCN-8 can effectively adsorb polysulfide and catalyze the conversion reaction of polysulfide. This work provides a novel route for the synthesis of the Nb2O5/g-C3N4 composite, and has great potential in the development of environmental remediation and energy applications.

Surfactant-free synthesis of CuBr NPs decorated by Pt for glucose and nitrite sensors

The high cost and narrow detection range of electrocatalyst are the two major challenges for the electrochemical biosensors. This work provided a surfactant-free synthesis of CuBr@Pt nanoparticles (CuBr@Pt NPs) with controllable Pt loading rates. The introduction of chloroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) and an elevated synthesis temperature resulted in a high surface area for CuBr@Pt NPs. The abundant active sites enabled the CuBr@Pt NPs a superior performance as applied in glucose and nitrite detection. Moreover, an optimal Pt loading would be conducive to optimize sensor performances of CuBr@Pt NPs. In the glucose detection, the sensor by CuBr@Pt-15% could reach the detection concentration up to 68.0 mM, which was 1.9 times higher than that by pure CuBr. And the corresponding sensitivity by CuBr@Pt-15% was calculated to be 382.73 µA/mM·cm2. In the detection of sodium nitrite, CuBr@Pt-15% also revealed a superior behavior than previous work. And the detection concentration (by the linear sweep voltammetry) was form 0 to 80.0 mM. This work demonstrated the superior biosensor performance of CuBr@Pt-15%, which offered a promising material for sensor with wider detection range and rationalized cost.

Field programmable gate array hardware in the loop validation of fuzzy direct torque control for induction machine drive

Introduction. Currently, the direct torque control is very popular in industry and is of great interest to scientists in the variable speed drive of asynchronous machines. This technique provides decoupling between torque control and flux without the need to use pulse width modulation or coordinate transformation. Nevertheless, this command presents two major importunities: the switching frequency is highly variable on the one hand, and on the other hand, the amplitude of the torque and stator flux ripples remain poorly controlled throughout the considered operating speed range. The novelty of this article proposes improvements in performance of direct torque control of asynchronous machines by development of a fuzzy direct torque control algorithm. This latter makes it possible to provide solutions to the major problems of this control technique, namely: torque ripples, flux ripples, and failure to control switching frequency. Purpose. The emergence of this method has given rise to various works whose objective is to show its performance, or to provide solutions to its limitations. Indeed, this work consists in validation of a fuzzy direct torque control architecture implemented on the ML402 development kit (based on the Xilinx Virtex-4 type field programmable gate array circuit), through hardware description language (VHDL) and Xilinx generator system. The obtained results showed the robustness of the control and sensorless in front of load and parameters variation of induction motor control. The research directions of the model were determined for the subsequent implementation of results with simulation samples.

An In-Situ Tester for Extracting Piezoresistive Coefficients

In this study, an electrostatic force-driven on-chip tester consisting of a mass with four guided cantilever beams was employed to extract the process-related bending stiffness and piezoresistive coefficient in-situ for the first time. The tester was manufactured using the standard bulk silicon piezoresistance process of Peking University, and was tested on-chip without additional handling. In order to reduce the deviation from process effects, the process-related bending stiffness was first extracted as an intermediate value, namely, 3590.74 N/m, which is 1.66% lower than the theoretical value. Then, the value was used to extract the piezoresistive coefficient using a finite element method (FEM) simulation. The extracted piezoresistive coefficient was 9.851 × 10−10 Pa−1, which essentially matched the average piezoresistive coefficient of the computational model based on the doping profile we first proposed. Compared with traditional extraction methods, such as the four-point bending method, this test method is on-chip, achieving automatic loading and precise control of the driving force, so it has high reliability and repeatability. Because the tester is manufactured together with the MEMS device, it has the potential to be used for process quality evaluation and monitoring on MEMS sensor production lines.

Comparative Analysis of Synthesis Routes for Antimony‐Doped Tin Oxide‐Supported Iridium and Iridium oxide Catalysts for OER in PEM Water Electrolysis

AbstractThis study investigates and compares four different deposition methods for an iridium‐based catalyst on antimony‐doped tin oxide support for oxygen evolution reaction in water electrolysis. Different synthesis routes often lead to varying properties of the resulting catalyst and can result in performance disparities. Here, some of the most prominent methods are carried out on the same support material and evaluated with special focus on the deposition yield of Ir and thus cost efficiency along with electrochemical performance. The catalysts are also assessed based on their chemical composition, namely Ir or IrO2‐based, with an additional thermal treatment to convert Ir to IrO2 species. The chosen synthesis routes result in different Ir species to obtain tetragonal IrO2 a modified Adams fusion approach delivers the best controllable and highest Ir loading and thus superior electrochemical performance. As far as metallic Ir catalysts are concerned, a wet‐chemical reduction‐based synthesis results in the most desirable catalyst, which however falls behind the Adams fusion catalyst upon thermal treatment to IrO2. The work in this study is a comprehensive analysis of different synthesis influences and recommends practices for laboratory‐based syntheses and an outlook on industrial viability.

Load bank system modification for appropriatediesel generator testing by programmable resistive load

The paper presents adaptation of a commercial AC load bank system modified to deliver controlled load to the diesel generators in order to prevent generator wet-stacking. The described solution involves increasing the existing load resolution from 6*53 kW to a resolution of 56 steps with 5.7 kW, making an approximate total load of 319 kW. The load can be controlled in steps of ±5.7 kW, ±17 kW, and ±51 kW. Measurement of electrical quantities was realized with PM51100 power meter. For the purpose of recording electrical quantities, a low-price solution with a RecMod2021 device using Modbus communication protocol was developed. The RecMod2021 device is programmed to read the PM51100 registers and log read quantities to the belonging SD card. The format of the recorded electrical quantities was adapted for later graphical representation and analysis of the power supply quality, as well as the stability of the generator automatic voltage regulation (AVR) system under various load scenarios.

Enhanced and Extended Ophthalmic Drug Delivery by pH-Triggered Drug-Eluting Contact Lenses with Large-Pore Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

Drug-eluting contact lenses (DCLs) have attracted considerable attention as potential therapeutic ophthalmic drug delivery devices. In this study, we propose, fabricate, and investigate pH-triggered DCLs that are combined with large-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LPMSNs). Compared to reference DCLs, LPMSN-laden DCLs can prolong the residence time of glaucoma drugs in an artificial lacrimal fluid (ALF) environment at pH 7.4. Additionally, LPMSN-laden DCLs do not require drug preloading and are compatible with current contact lens manufacturing processes. LPMSN-laden DCLs soaked at pH 6.5 exhibit better drug loading than reference DCLs due to their specific adsorption. The sustained and extended release of glaucoma drugs by LPMSN-laden DCLs was successfully monitored in ALF, and the drug release mechanism was further explained. We also evaluated the cytotoxicity of LPMSN-laden DCLs, and qualitative and quantitative results showed no cytotoxicity. Our experimental results demonstrate that LPMSNs are excellent nanocarriers that have the potential to be used as safe and stable nanocarriers for the delivery of glaucoma drugs or other drugs. pH-triggered LPMSN-laden DCLs can significantly improve drug loading efficiency and control prolonged drug release, indicating that they have great potential for future biomedical applications.

Bond strength of various post-core restorations with different lengths and diameters following cycle loading

PurposeThis in vitro study aims to evaluate the bonding strengths of Polyether ether ketone (PEEK), Polyether ketone (PEKK), Fiber, and Zirconia (ZrO2) post-core restorations with posts in different diameter and length following chewing simulator. Materials and methodsEndodontic treatment was performed on 256 intact maxillary central teeth. The test specimens were prepared in four groups according to the types of materials: Glass fiber post-composite core (FB-n:64), Zirconia post-core (Zr-n:64), PEEK post-core (PE-n:64), and PEKK post-core (PK-n:64). The groups were divided into four subgroups according to diameter and length (n:16): Group 1: 10 mm length 1.75 mm diameter, Group 2: 10 mm length 1.5 mm diameter, Group 3: 7 mm length 1.75 mm diameter, Group 4: 7 mm length 1.5 mm diameter. Custom PEKK, PEEK, Zirconia post-cores, and Zirconia crowns were milled on the CAD/CAM. The post-cores and crowns were cemented to the teeth with dual-cure resin cement. After that, all subgroups were divided into control and cyclic loading groups. During the cycling, the control test group was kept in distilled water at 37±1oC before the push-out test. Half of the specimens were loaded with 250,000 cycles and 50 N with a chewing simulator. All test specimens had 1.5 mm sections taken from their roots. Then, the push-out test was applied to these sections for bond strength. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, Shapiro-Wilk, Kruskal-Wallis's test, and Chi-Square. The statistical significance level was determined as 0.05. ResultsThe bond strength of all test groups decreased after the cycling loading. The bond strength values of zirconia posts showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The 10 mm length 1.75 mm diameter posts made of Zirconium had the highest bond strength observed in all control and cyclic loading groups of test specimens (9.74 MPa-6.25 MPa). The PEEK test specimens with a 7 mm length and 1.75 mm diameter showed the weakest bond strength in all control and cyclic loading groups (5.44 MPa-3.37 MPa). The average of the cervical region's bond strength values was statistically significantly higher than the apical region (p < 0.05). ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, one-piece custom-milled Zirconia post-cores appear promising, as they perform well under functional forces, especially in the anterior region. In addition, custom-milled PEKK post-cores might be considered a suitable alternative to prefabricated fiber-reinforced posts.

Abstract 2687: The combination of temozolomide and minocycline for the treatment of glioblastoma

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent and aggressive form of malignant brain tumor and accounts for 49.1% of all central nervous system tumors. Current methods of therapy remain minimally successful as survival rate remains low (only 6.8% of patients surviving 5 years post-diagnosis). Thus, there is a great need to design alternative treatment methods for patients with GBM. Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapeutic treatment and a first line treatment option for GBM as it has been shown to increase survival time. Minocycline (MINO) is commonly used for its antibiotic properties but has also been proven to have antiangiogenic effects for GBM treatment. The objective of this study was to investigate the additive effects of MINO and TMZ in both GBM (U87) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) for the treatment of GBM. We hypothesized that the combination of MINO and TMZ will result in lower cell viability and higher protein levels of apoptosis and autophagy markers) compared to the drugs alone and therefore, will be more effective at treating GBM. In this study, U87 and HUVEC cells were treated with MINO and TMZ alone or in combination and a MTT assay was used to determine cell viability by measuring absorbance (570 nm) with a microplate reader. The IC50 values of the drugs were determined from the dose-response curves using GraphPad to compare the sensitivity of each cell line to the drugs. Protein levels of apoptosis (Cas3, PARP) and autophagy (LC3B) markers were determined after treatment of U87 cells with MINO and TMZ alone or in combination using immunoblotting. β-actin was used as a loading control and 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide was used as a positive autophagy control. Protein bands were detected and visualized with enhanced chemiluminescence reagents. The IC50 of MINO and TMZ were found to be 1688 µM and 1913 µM in U87 cells, and 247 µM and 1162 µM in HUVEC cells, respectively. Although glioma cells result in autophagy and apoptosis when exposed to MINO, MINO’s anti-angiogenic effect may have resulted in heightened sensitivity in HUVEC cells. U87 cells exposed to MINO (1000 µM) resulted in a cell viability of 61% and TMZ (1200 µM) resulted in 60%, while the combination of both drugs resulted in 43% cell viability. HUVEC cells exposed to MINO (200 µM) resulted in a cell viability of 64% and TMZ (30 µM) resulted in 84%, while the combination of both drugs resulted in 44% cell viability, resulting in additive effects for both cell lines. Preliminary results for protein expression analysis show similar expression of apoptotic and autophagy markers in samples with individual and combined drug treatments. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the combination of MINO and TMZ resulted in additive effects compared to each drug alone and thus, the dual delivery of both drugs from a local delivery system may be a promising therapy for GBM. Citation Format: Marco A. Arriaga, Natasha Garcia-Rodriguez, Andrea Ramirez, Sue Anne Chew. The combination of temozolomide and minocycline for the treatment of glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2687.

Butyrate acts as a G-protein-coupled receptor ligand that prevents high glucose-induced amyloidogenesis in N2a cells through the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway.

Butyrate acts as a G-protein-coupled receptor ligand that prevents high glucose-induced amyloidogenesis in N2a cells through the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β pathway.

A variable loading and automatic control test device for carpet resilience measurement

In this study, a novel multifunctional carpet test device was proposed to overcome deficiencies of current technology, including manual operation error and fixed load. The newly developed test device can automatically perform short-term static loading, long-term static loading and thickness measurement on five samples, simultaneously. The application of the load is achieved by using pneumatic system elements and automation of the developed test device is obtained by a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) software. The device was verified according to “trueness” and “precision” criteria via statistical analyses. As a result of trueness determination, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values of the developed test device were between 0.001–0.023, in comparison to that of the traditional carpet thickness tester, which exhibits very close trend between two measurements. The precision analysis results revealed no significant difference in 95% confidence interval between developed test device and the carpet thickness tester. Moreover, the developed test device is capable for thickness loss test by brief moderate loading, prolonged heavy loading and carpet thickness measurement, following related international standards.

Load Balancing in Distributed Cloud Computing: A Reinforcement Learning Algorithms in Heterogeneous Environment

Balancing load in cloud based is an important aspect that plays a vital role in order to achieve sharing of load between different types of resources such as virtual machines that lay on servers, storage in the form of hard drives and servers. Reinforcement learning approaches can be adopted with cloud computing to achieve quality of service factors such as minimized cost and response time, increased throughput, fault tolerance and utilization of all available resources in the network, thus increasing system performance. Reinforcement Learning based approaches result in making effective resource utilization by selecting the best suitable processor for task execution with minimum makespan. Since in the earlier related work done on sharing of load, there are limited reinforcement learning based approaches. However this paper, focuses on the importance of RL based approaches for achieving balanced load in the area of distributed cloud computing. A Reinforcement Learning framework is proposed and implemented for execution of tasks in heterogeneous environments, particularly, Least Load Balancing (LLB) and Booster Reinforcement Controller (BRC) Load Balancing. With the help of reinforcement learning approaches an optimal result is achieved for load sharing and task allocation. In this RL based framework processor workload is taken as an input. In this paper, the results of proposed RL based approaches have been evaluated for cost and makespan and are compared with existing load balancing techniques for task execution and resource utilization..

Interactions of cellulose cryogels and aerogels with water and oil: Structure-function relationships

Food-grade porous materials, aerogels and so-called cryogels, were prepared from cellulose hydrogels obtained from solutions at increasing cellulose concentration (3, 4, 5%, w/w) by supercritical-CO2-drying (SCD) and freeze-drying (FD), respectively. The structure depended on the applied drying technique, with aerogels showing a denser network with pores <200 nm in diameter, a specific surface area of 370–380 m2g-1, and a porosity of 92–94%. Cryogels presented larger pores (2–5 μm diameter), much lower specific surface area (around 30 m2g-1), and higher porosity (95–96%). Water vapor adsorption by aerogels and cryogels was higher than that of neat microcrystalline cellulose. The absorption of water and oil was investigated as a function of time and at equilibrium. While water was almost immediately absorbed by both aerogels and cryogels, a much longer time was needed to reach oil absorption equilibrium. Moreover, aerogels required a longer absorption time than cryogels. Material morphology governed the kinetics of absorption; the absorption at equilibrium was directly dependent on material pore volume rather than on its morphology or material-fluid affinity. As a result, due to their lower pore volume, aerogels absorbed a lower amount of water or oil (4–8 gfluid/gdry matter) than cryogels (8–12 gfluid/gdry matter). All samples showed high fluid holding capacity (>96%). Water absorption caused a firmness decrease, but the firmness of oil-filled materials was the same as that of the unloaded ones. This study demonstrates that food-grade cellulose aerogels and cryogels can be structurally designed by varying cellulose concentration and drying techniques to obtain controlled food fluid loading.

Evaluating Fe-Site and Vacancy Dependent Intrinsic Activity of NiFe Layered Double Hydroxides through Cavity Microelectrodes

We report evaluating the intrinsic activity of Ni(OH)2, NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and NiFe-LDH having vacancies for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by the use of cavity microelectrodes (CMEs) with controllable mass loading. The number of active Ni sites (NNi-sites) ranging from 1 × 1012 to 6 × 1012 is quantitatively correlated with OER current, which reveals that the introduction of Fe-sites and vacancies increases the turnover frequency (TOF) from 0.027 to 0.118 and 0.165 s-1, respectively. Electrochemical surface area (ECSA) is further quantitatively correlated with NNi-sites, which indicates that NNi-sites per unit ECSA (NNi-per-ECSA) is decreased by the introduction of Fe-sites and vacancies. Therefore, the difference of OER current per unit ECSA (JECSA) is reduced compared with that of TOF. The results demonstrate that CMEs provide a good platform to evaluate intrinsic activity with TOF, NNi-per-ECSA, and JECSA more reasonably.