Load Distribution Factors Research Articles

Integrated performance of liquid-based solar heating systems

A closed form model for the integrated performance of liquid-based solar heating systems is presented. The model is general enough to be used for most liquid-based systems. It can be used for systems with either flat plate or concentrating collectors and the load is not restricted to space heating applications. Three new system parameter are introduced by this model. These are the system heat storage factor, the solar distribution factor and the load distribution factor. These three factors respectively account for the reduction in system performancev which results from finite storage, non-uniform solar flux and non-uniform load. These factors are discussed in detail and closed form mathematical expressions, from which numerical values can be calculated, as persented.

Penalty Factors From Newton's Method

The penalty factors calculated by the classical B-coefficients method are shown to be proportional (but not equal) to the penalty factors calculated directly from the transposed acobian. It is also shown that the economic operating point is independent of the load and generation distribution factors Z. Expected computational times in examples with up to 5873 buses and 943 generators are given. The evidence presented supports conclusions also reached by others indicating that the transposed Jacobian approach is superior to classical B-coefficients based on its computational speed.

Experimental techniques for predicting fatigue failure of cannon-breech mechanisms

In this paper a technique for predicting thread fatigue behavior for full-scale cannon-breech mechanisms from small-specimen tests is investigated. A thread load-distribution factor is determined experimentally for the breech ring and breech-block components by measurement of the thread fillet strains at breech-chamber pressures of 49,500 psi. A comparison of small-specimen thread fatigue data with the results of full-scale breech-component test results is given for several thread geometries.

A Generalization of Cumulative Damage

In the application of various damage accumulation hypotheses to shock and vibration problems, a pattern of results was observed. A plot of allowable response (for the largest of a sequence of excitations) versus the number of excitations in the sequence produced straight lines on log-log paper for each value of damping. It seemed likely that a generalization could be found which would relate the allowable response to the largest excitations with a load-distribution factor, a material-and-structure factor, and the material constants from fatigue tests. One form of this generalization is presented, together with some numerical examples of its use, and a discussion of its possible significance.